Appreciation means appreciating and analyzing (poetry, etc.), and arriving at rational understanding through appreciation and analysis, which is restricted by the image and content of the artwork. The following is the collection of Liu Yuxi's "Western Poems" that I have compiled for you. Appreciation of "Nostalgia for Saishan Mountain", welcome to read, I hope you will like it.
Liu Yuxi’s original poem “Nostalgia for the Ancients in Xisai Mountain”
Wang Jun’s boat disembarked from Yizhou, and the king of Jinling lost his spirit sadly.
Qianxun's iron lock sank to the bottom of the river, and a flag fell out of the stone.
Although the past has been forgotten several times in this life, Yamagata is still pillowed by the cold current.
Today is the day when the world is home, so the fortress is rustling and the reeds are rustling in autumn.
Notes:
1. Wang Jun's sentence: Wang Jun, courtesy name Shizhi, was a native of Hongnonghu County (now southwest of Lingbao, Henan), and was the governor of Yizhou.
2. Qianxun Sentence: At that time, the state of Wu once locked an iron chain in the river, and Wang Jun burned it with a large torch. Qianxun: In ancient times, eight feet was called Xun, but here it is just used to describe its length.
3. Lower the flag: lower the flag.
4. Stone: Stone City, formerly located in Qingliang Mountain, Nanjing, was built during the reign of Wu Sunquan and was abandoned during the reign of Wude in the Tang Dynasty.
5. The four seas are our home: It means the unity of the world.
6. Guba: refers to the exit from Xisai, and also includes the remains of wars since the Six Dynasties.
Rhyme translation:
Wang Jun of the Jin Dynasty sailed east from Chengdu in a high-rise boat.
All the auspiciousness of the Jinling emperors was gone.
< p> Wu Guo Qianxun's iron chain was also burned and sank to the bottom of the river.A white flag of surrender was hung at the top of Jinling City.
There have been several sad events of rise and fall in the human world.
The mountains remain unchanged under the cold current.
From then on, the whole family lived in peace.
The old fortress was in depression and overgrown with reeds, and the autumn wind rustled.
Appreciation of Liu Yuxi's "Reminiscences of the Ancients in Xisai Mountain" 1
In 824 AD (the fourth year of Changqing), Liu Yuxi was transferred from the governor of Kuizhou to the governor of Hezhou. He took a boat eastward and passed through Xisai Mountain, the scenery expresses my feelings and I wrote this poem. The level of this poem is very clear. The first four sentences describe the past, and the last four sentences reflect the present.
Personally, I think it is not difficult to express emotions, describe scenes, and discuss things in ancient poetry, especially in rhymed verses and quatrains. The most difficult thing is narrative, because a complete narrative must clearly explain the time, place, and process, and in poetry However, the number of words, sentences, rhythm, rhyme, etc. are strictly restricted.
In 280 AD, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty ordered Wang Jun to lead a navy with high warships (building ships) to attack Soochow. He finally won victory and eliminated the Wu regime. This is a complex historical event, but the poet only used four short sentences to describe it very well. In addition to having an in-depth understanding of historical facts, it also requires the poet to have extremely high writing skills.
In the first couplet, the author pointed out Wang Jun, the main figure in the expedition against Wu. The starting point of his expedition was "Yizhou" and the destination was "Jinling". In this battle, he built a very deterrent "Lou Chuan", this is one of the keys to his victory. "Wang Qi" refers to the Wu regime, corresponding to "Lou Chuan", pointing out that the strong military power of the Western Jin Dynasty directly led to the demise of the Wu regime. The most interesting words in these two sentences are the words "下" and "高". The word "下" can easily remind people of the overwhelming power of the Western Jin Dynasty army, while "collect" already describes the weakness of the Wu army, and then use "sadly" The embellishment makes people think of Sun Hao, the leader of Wu, who is mediocre and incompetent.
The poet in the couplet described the battle process, and in the poem, this description must be the most representative "shot". The Lord of Wu, Sun Hao, originally wanted to use the Yangtze River natural moat to block the powerful military power of the Western Jin Dynasty, so he secretly placed an iron cone in the river and locked the river with a thousand-hundred-foot (eight feet in ancient times was a fathom) iron chain across the river. He thought he could sit back and relax, but he couldn't. Thinking that Wang Jun used a large raft to wash away the iron cones and use fire to break the iron chains, the defense line that Sun Hao had built with great effort and money was instantly wiped out. The army of the Western Jin Dynasty came to the city, and Sun Hao, the leader of Wu, only stayed in Jinling (Jinling is also called Stone City). ) The lowered flag was raised at the top of the city. In the sentence, "Qianxun Iron Lock sinks" and "A piece of falling flag comes out" are not only neat and contrasting, but also the most typical in the course of the war.
The poet in the couplet pointed out that neither the Jin army, which was powerful and the winner was king, nor the Wu army, which was weak and incompetent and the loser was the bandit, could not stop the advancement of the wheel of history and became a fleeting thing. The poet sees that Cangshan Mountain is still the same, with the river flowing below it, and the dead people like this. Looking back on the past and thinking about the present, how can he not feel sad?
The "Gu Lei" in the last couplet here refers to the Six Dynasties period in front of Xisai Mountain. These military fortresses have long since become ruins, abandoned in the autumn wind and reeds, and have become a symbol of the collapse of the Six Dynasties and the failure of division. When the poet wrote this poem, although the Tang Dynasty was unified, the separatist forces were on the rise again. The poet was taking history as a lesson and sounded the alarm to them and the rulers. There have always been two interpretations of "Family Day". One theory is that although the Tang Dynasty experienced the "An-Shi Rebellion", at that time, it was already a unified family and unified the country. Another explanation is that the poet was exiled because of his participation in the "Yongzhen Reform", so he made his home and wandered around the world.
The author believes that both statements have some truth, but I prefer the second statement, because with this explanation, the meaning of the two sentences in the last couplet is more smoothly connected, and the emotional tone of the last four sentences is more consistent and can explain better. Failure of loyal ministers will inevitably lead to the decline of the regime.
Appreciation 2 of Liu Yuxi's "Reminiscing about the Ancients in Xisai Mountain"
In the fourth year of Changqing AD (824), Liu Yuxi was transferred from the governor of Kuizhou to the governor of Hezhou. He took a boat eastward and passed through Xisai The mountain, the scenery, expresses my feelings and I wrote this poem "Nostalgia for Xisai Mountain".
This is a seven-character poem. "Xissei Mountain" was a famous military fortress during the Six Dynasties. "Wang Jun" was the governor of Yizhou in Jin Dynasty. According to relevant records, Wang Jun was ordered to conquer Wu, build large ships, use wood as a city, and build buildings, each of which could accommodate 2,000 people.
The first couplet "Wang Junlou's boat landed in Yizhou, and the king of Jinling lost his spirit sadly". "Gloomy" and gloomy look. The poet first showed a magnificent historical picture. Wang Jun, the main figure in the expedition against Wu at that time, started from "Yizhou" and the destination was "Jinling". In this battle, Wang Jun built a very deterrent "building ship". In 280 AD, Emperor Wu of Jin ordered Wang Jun to lead a crusade against Soochow with tall warships (loud ships), and finally won. The "King Qi" here was superstitious in the art of looking at Qi. The ancients believed that the location of the emperor had "King Qi". When the country fell, the Emperor's Qi also faded away. "Jinling King Qi" refers to the Wu regime. This shows that the strong military power of the Western Jin Dynasty directly led to the demise of the Wu regime. The word "下" in the poem shows the overwhelming power of the Western Jin army, while the word "shou" shows the weakness of the Wu army. The word "sad" is used to modify it, which vividly shows the mediocrity and incompetence of the leader of Wu, Sun Hao.
The couplet "Qianxun Iron Chain sank to the bottom of the river, and a flag fell out of the stone." The white flag "Jiangban" was flown when surrendering. "Stone" means Stone City. According to records, Wang Jun attacked Wu and captured Stone City. Sun Hao, the leader of Wu, personally surrendered at the camp gate. The poet described the battle process. The Lord of Wu, Sun Hao, originally wanted to use the Yangtze River natural moat to block the powerful military power of the Western Jin Dynasty, so he secretly placed an iron cone in the river and locked the river with a thousand-hundred-foot (eight feet in ancient times was a fathom) iron chain across the river. He thought he could sit back and relax, but Wang Jun burned the iron chain with fire, and when the Western Jin army came to the city, Wu Lord Sun Hao only raised the lowering flag at the top of Jinling (Jinling is also called Stone City). Here, the poet traces history with heroic writing, explaining that neither natural danger nor manpower can save the decadent rulers from the fate of their country. This is not only a lesson from history, but also pave the way for the expression of emotions in the second line.
Neck couplet "How many times in this life have we regretted the past, but Yamagata is still pillowed by the cold current." "Shangata" refers to Mount Xisai. "Cold current" refers to the Yangtze River. Here, the poet thinks from the fall of Soochow to the subsequent collapse of the Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties that also had Jinling as their capital. This shows that no matter whether the Jin army is powerful and the winner is king , or the weak and incompetent Wu Army, the loser is the bandit, can not stop the advancement of the wheel of history, everything will become a passing cloud. "Still" indicates that nothing has changed and everything remains the same. In particular, the word "pillow" not only uses movement to describe stillness, giving life to mountains and rivers, but also expresses the status of mountains and rivers as they are. Therefore, the poet sees that Cangshan Mountain remains the same, the river below it flows by itself, and the dead are like this. Looking back on the past and thinking about the present, he can't help but feel sad.
In the last couplet "Today is the day when all over the world is home, so the forts are rustling and the reeds are in autumn", "the day when all over the world is home" means that although the Tang Dynasty experienced the "Anshi Rebellion", at that time, it was already the day when all over the world One family, unified country. "Gu fortress" here refers to the military fortress of the Six Dynasties located in front of Xisai Mountain. What this means here is that now the world is unified and the world is at peace, but those ancient fortresses that have been abolished still exist. They have long become ruins, staying quietly among the reeds swaying in the bleak autumn wind. This dilapidated and desolate relic is not only a witness to the fall of the Six Dynasties, but also a symbol of the failure of separatism. It is also the result of the unification of the country and the country on the day when the world is home. Here, the poet compares the past and the present, implicitly expressing his view of reality. Although the Tang Dynasty is unified, in fact the separatist forces of vassal towns have re-emerged. Taking history as a mirror, the poet not only warned the forces in the vassal town, but also sounded the alarm to the rulers of the Tang Dynasty.
This poem is very artistic and shows certain aesthetic characteristics in terms of language and structure. Let’s choose the main ones to talk about.
1. Borrowing ancient metaphors from the present, expressing sincere emotions
The first half of the poem "Wang Jun's boat went down to Yizhou, and the king of Jinling lost his spirit sadly. Qianxun's iron chain sank to the bottom of the river, A falling flag emerges from the stone." The main purpose here is to write history. The vigorous heroic deeds and the desolate and desolate Jiangfang traces form a sharp contrast between ancient and modern times. In the second half of the poem, "How many times in this life have we regretted the past, and the mountain shape is still covered by the cold current. Today is the day when the world is home, so the fortress is rustling and the reeds are blooming in autumn." This is a lament for the present. The poet thinks that although the mid-Tang Dynasty maintained a unified situation in form, the feudal towns were seriously divided. Readers can naturally feel the thoughts and emotions contained in the poet.
2. The blending of scenes and the harmony and unity
In ancient Chinese poetry, "touching the scene creates emotion", "scenery creates emotion" and their mutual relationship
The aesthetic effect implicit in the relationship. Therefore, in poetry, scenery serves emotion and creates a harmonious aesthetic atmosphere for the expression of emotion.
In "Reminiscing about the Past in Xisai Mountain", the river flowing in the autumn colors and the reeds swaying in the cold wind create a desolate and tragic atmosphere, which is harmoniously unified with the poet's feeling of lamenting the present through the past. , and plays the role of setting off and contrasting, thus making the whole poem have a touching power.
3. Rigorous structure and profound meaning
In terms of content, the first half of the poem narrates historical facts from general to specific, and the second half describes the scenery from overall to partial. Judging from the structure of the entire poem, it conforms to the requirements of the succession, transformation and integration of the poem's structure. The first couplet "Wang Junlou's boat disembarked from Yizhou, and the king of Jinling lost his spirit sadly" is the starting point and writes about historical events. The second couplet "Qianxun Iron Lock sank to the bottom of the river, and a falling flag raised a stone" is the continuation of the previous event and shows the specific circumstances of the historical event. The third couplet "How many times in this life have we regretted the past, and Yamagata is still sleeping in the cold current" is a turn, entering into the lamentation of the event. The last couplet "Today is the day when we are home all over the world, so the forts are rustling and the reeds are rustling in autumn" is a perfect combination, combining history with reality and expressing an exclamation. The structure of the poem is so rigorous, from nostalgia for the past to sadness for the present, with in-depth layers, which well expresses the poet's thoughts and emotions.
The creative background of "Nostalgia in Xisai Mountain"
This poem was written by Liu Yuxi in 824 AD (the fourth year of Changqing reign of Mu Zong of the Tang Dynasty). In that year, Liu Yuxi was transferred from the governor of Kuizhou (ruling today's Fengjie, Chongqing) to the governor of Hezhou (ruling today's Hexian County, Anhui Province). On his way eastward along the Yangtze River to his post, he passed by Mount Xisai. He was moved by the scenery, recalled the past, and wrote this exclamation. Poems about the rise and fall of history.
Introduction to the author of "Nostalgia on Xisai Mountain"
Liu Yuxi (772-842), courtesy name Mengde, Han nationality, a native of Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) in the Tang Dynasty of China, his ancestral home is Luoyang, Tang Dynasty A writer and philosopher, he claimed to be a descendant of King Jing of Shanzhong Mountain in Hanzhong. He was a former supervisory censor and a member of Wang Shuwen's political reform group. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he was known as the "Poetry Hero". His family is a scholarly family with Confucianism passed down from generation to generation. He advocated political innovation and was one of the central figures in the political innovation activities of the Wang Shuwen School. Later, Yongzhen's reform failed and he was demoted to Sima of Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). According to Mr. Zhou Xinguo, a historian and collector in Changde, Hunan, Liu Yuxi was demoted to Sima of Langzhou and wrote the famous "Spring View of Han Shou City" during his demotion.