1 (National Volume 20051) Read the following Tang poem, then answer this question. (8 points)
Spring outing improvisation
Li Hua
At the gate of Yiyang, the grass grows and the warbler flies, and the water flows from east to west.
Fragrant trees have no flowers, and birds are singing all the way to the spring mountain.
(1) What rhetorical devices are used in the three or four sentences of this poem? Please specify.
When it comes to poetry creation, the ancients once said, "Poetry is not only sentimental, but also beautiful." Please appreciate this poem from the perspectives of "scenery" and "emotion".
Clear:
The question is to examine the language expression skills of poetry, and whether the rhetorical devices in poetry are clear is the key to answer the question. Three or four sentences of this poem use duality, and then combine with the poem to explain who is right, that is, "fragrant tree" to "spring mountain", "flower" to "bird" and "falling" to "empty crow".
The topic is the ideological evaluation of literary works, that is, the analysis of artistic conception in poetry. Specifically, candidates are required to analyze which scenes are used to express the author's thoughts and feelings. At the same time, it also implicitly examines the understanding of words in poetry, such as "self" and "emptiness" at the end of words. The function of these two words, as far as "self" and "emptiness" are concerned, is the same as "spring grass dyes the stage, birds sing and leaves are happy" The spring is beautiful, but no one appreciates it. In fact, it is the sadness written in the music scene. If you analyze these, it is not difficult for candidates to answer: this poem is about what they saw and heard during their "spring outing". One scene, one grass, one water, one tree, one flower, one mountain and one bird are in harmony with each other. The words "Zi" and "Empty" in the couplets "Flowers Falling" and "Birds Crying" show the tranquility in the mountains, which reveals a trace of sadness and desolation.
Reference answer:
(1) Use double figures of speech: "fragrant tree" versus "spring mountain", "flower" versus "bird" and "falling" versus "empty crying".
This poem describes what I saw and heard during my "spring outing": there are grass, water, trees and mountains, flowers and birds, which can be described as a scene, and each painting has its own characteristics. However, poetry is not purely about scenery, but full of feelings and scenes. The scenery of "falling flowers" and "singing birds" in the poem shows the tranquility in the mountains, which reveals a trace of sadness and desolation.
2. (National Volume 2, 2005) Read the following Tang poems and then answer this question. (8 points)
Coconut silk is good in Handan from winter to the sun.
Bai Juyi
Every winter solstice, I am accompanied by the shadow in front of the knee lamp.
If you want to sit at home late at night, you should also talk about travelers.
[Note] Winter solstice: one of the 24 solar terms, is an important festival in the Tang Dynasty.
(1) Briefly analyze the sentence "the shadow before the knee lamp" and tell what kind of mood the author was in at that time.
② How did the author write Homesickness? What are the characteristics of language?
Clear:
The topic is to analyze the author's ideological tendency in poetry. Candidates need to mobilize their imagination to form such a picture in their minds: Bai Juyi is shivering alone with his knees on the night of winter solstice, accompanied by only shadows. In this way, you can naturally understand the author's mood.
The first question is actually to examine the expression skills. The author puts pen to paper from the opposite side, imagining his family sitting around in the middle of the night, talking about pedestrians in the distance, to express his thoughts for his family. The second question is to examine the degree of mastery of the language, which implicitly examines the examinee's understanding of the author's genre and writing style. Bai Juyi's poems are as plain as words, and it is said that illiterate old women can understand them. This poem also embodies this feature.
3. (National Volume 3, 2005) Read the following Song poems and then answer this question. (8 points)
Yuhou market
Liu Ban
After a heavy rain, the pond was full of water and very calm, as if immersed in a gently polished mirror, reflecting the reflection of the house on the shore.
Suddenly there was an east wind, and the drooping willow branches danced gracefully, and the water drops on the willow branches swept through the middle of the lotus leaves, making a constant noise.
Briefly analyze how this poem expresses the calm of the pond water surface after rain. ② Try to appreciate this poem from the perspectives of "static" and "dynamic".
Clear:
The topic is to examine the examinee's examination of the ideological content of poetry. Candidates should first imagine the artistic conception described in the poem, and then make some concrete analysis combined with the poem to explain how to express the calm of the pond water surface.
The topic belongs to the ideological content of evaluating literary works. Candidates are required to appreciate poetry from both dynamic and static perspectives, and at the same time, their mastery of language expression ability is also examined.
Reference answer:
(1) The water surface is like a gently polished mirror, reflecting the eaves and poles beside the pond to show the calm of the pond water surface after the rain.
The first and second sentences describe the beautiful and charming static state of the lotus pond after the rain with words such as "water level", "mirror" and "jacaranda". Three or four sentences show the dynamic beauty of the pool water after rain by the sound of raindrops such as "sudden rise", "weeping Yang dance" and "ten thousand points" blown into lotus leaves by the wind on weeping Yang leaves. Poetry not only writes static, but also writes dynamic, with static showing dynamic, with dynamic lining static, and the combination of dynamic and static forms a pond spring scene after rain.
4. (National Volume 1, 2004) Read the following Song Ci and then answer this question. (6 points)
lily magnolia
Song qi
Dongcheng gradually felt that the scenery was good, and it was wrinkled and welcoming people.
Poplar smoke is lighter than Han Xiao, and the branches of red apricots are full of spring.
Floating growth hates less pleasure, but is willing to love a daughter and smile.
Drink for you to persuade the sunset, leaving a shadow among the flowers.
[Note] Blinking: Twinkling yarn, which is a metaphor for water ripples here. How does the first half of this word describe spring scenery? Try to analyze this. How to treat the word "noisy" in the word "apricot branches in spring" Why?
Clear:
This problem is divided into two questions. The first question examines the expressive skills of poetic language, and the second question examines the understanding of the meaning of words in poetry and analyzes the poetic artistic conception created by them.
Reference answer:
The beauty of spring is layered. First of all, I saw the east wind blowing, spring waves and green waters, and waves, such as fine wrinkled yarn; Then the willow woke up, pale yellow and blue, looking at a light smoke and mist; Looking at apricot blossoms in full bloom is like steaming clouds with fire. The scenery in spring is like this, so we use the word "gradually". The word "noisy" used by the author not only makes people feel that apricot flowers are blooming enthusiastically, but also reminds people that bees and butterflies are dancing among the flowers and spring birds are singing, vividly showing a scene full of spring and vitality.
5. Read the following poem and then answer this question. (6 points)
Melancholy Qiu Si
The annual autumn wind blows to Luoyang city, and my wandering son doesn't know how his relatives in his hometown are; Writing a letter to peace has too much to say and I don't know where to start.
When the letter is written, I am worried that I have not finished what I want to say; When the messenger started, he opened the envelope and gave it to him.
Wang Anshi commented on the style of Zhang Ji's poems: "It seems to be the most extraordinary, easy and difficult to achieve." What "ordinary" life details did Zhang Ji write in this poem? What kind of feelings did he express?
Clear:
The first question of this topic belongs to the examination of poetic images, and also implicitly examines the expression skills. It is the key to answer the question whether the examinee has mastered what is detail description. The second question is to analyze the author's ideological tendency in poetry. If the artistic conception is vividly imagined in my mind, the author wrote a letter from home when he saw the autumn wind and asked someone to take it back. Worried that the messenger had left, he hurriedly opened it, scanned the letter again and made some supplements. What mood do you think he is?
Reference answer:
In the poem, the author wrote such a detail: when the letter from home was about to be sent, he felt that he had something to say and opened it again. The author stayed in Luoyang to watch the autumn wind, which made him miss his relatives in his hometown infinitely, so he opened the envelope and wrote it again.
6. (National Volume 3, 2004) Read the following Song lyrics and then answer this question. (6 points)
Quail day
Yan Shilitai leans against the green, and the cuckoo cries a hundred flowers.
Talking to pedestrians diligently is not like a songbird flying for the second time.
Sleep in a dream, when it clears up that day. It's better to return than to return.
Is it true that the end of the world has not returned, and it is impossible to strive for a return date?
Why does the author describe the cuckoo's cry in this poem? What do the last two sentences mean? What thoughts and feelings did the author express?
Clear:
The first problem of this problem is the appreciation of poetic images. Candidates need to know some allusions about Du Fu. What does Du Fu symbolize in China? For example, the cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's whimper and Twilight in the cuckoo's sound studied in class, of course, it would be better if you could recall Zhou Shoujuan's cuckoo's crow on the branch, so it is easy to understand that the cuckoo's crow is similar to "it is better to go home". The second question is to examine the understanding of poetry words, which is equivalent to translating poetry into modern Chinese. The third question follows the second question and examines the analysis of the author's thoughts and feelings in poetry. Of course, we should not just take the last two sentences out of context, but analyze them in combination with the whole poem.
Reference answer:
The ancients thought that the cuckoo's cry seemed to say, "Let's go home! It is better to go home! " It is easy to arouse the homesickness of wanderers. The theme of this word is to write about wandering homesickness, which is most suitable to start with the description of cuckoo calls, vivid and euphemistic. The last two sentences are: I don't want to go home, but I don't know the date myself. It expresses the author's feeling that he can't control his own life, wandering around the world and finding it difficult to settle down at home.