Introduction to poetry
Qiu Si Zhang Tang was born in Luoyang City and has seen the autumn wind. He wants to write a meaningful book. When the letter is written, I am worried that I have not finished what I want to say; When the messenger started, he opened the envelope and gave it to him. The first sentence says you live in Luoyang and watch the autumn wind. Plain narrative, not exaggerated, but meaningful. Qiu Si.
The autumn wind is invisible, audible, tangible and tangible, but it seems invisible. However, just as the earth can be dyed green and bring boundless spring colors, the cold air contained in the autumn wind can also make the leaves of trees turn yellow and the flowers wither, bringing a wide range of autumn colors, autumn capacity and autumn state to nature and human beings. It is invisible, but it can be seen everywhere. Seeing this bleak and crumbling scene, the wanderer stranded in a foreign land will inevitably arouse the loneliness of being stranded in a foreign land and cause long-term thoughts for his hometown and relatives. This plain and meaningful word "Jian" gives readers rich hints and associations. The second sentence is close to the autumn wind, and the word "think" is written on the front. Hans Zhang in the Jin Dynasty "thought of Wuzhong leek, soup, and lived because of the autumn wind, saying,' Life is expensive but you don't want it. Why do you stay thousands of miles and become famous?' Then I rode home (Biography of Hans Zhang in the Book of Jin). Zhang Jizu was born in Wujun and now lives in Luoyang. The situation is similar to that of Hans Zhang. When he sees the autumn wind and homesickness, he may think of the story of Zhang Hans. However, due to various unspecified reasons, I couldn't do what Hans Zhang told me, so I had to write a letter to my family to express my homesickness. This makes the already deep and strong homesickness, adding to the melancholy of wanting to return, and the thoughts are becoming more and more complicated. The word "desire" is quite interesting. It expresses the poet's thoughts and modality when he spread paper and stretched out his pen: there are too many worries in his heart, and he feels that he has endless words to talk about, but he doesn't know where to start or how to express them at the moment. The abstract "meaning is very weighty" has become vivid and easy to imagine because of this desire to write a book. Qiu Si.
In three or four sentences, apart from the specific process and content of writing letters, only one detail was cut out when the home letter was about to be sent-"I can't say it in a hurry, and pedestrians will open it again." The poet felt unable to write because of his "profound meaning", but he didn't have time to think about it because of the information sent by a passerby. Deep and rich feelings and unspeakable contradictions were hastily written down, making this letter containing thousands of words almost "I tried to read your hasty notes and found that the ink was too light" (Li Shangyin's Untitled Four Poems). The book is sealed, as if it had been said; But when a passer-by was ready to hit the road, it suddenly occurred to him that he was in a hurry just now, for fear of missing anything important in the letter, so he hurriedly opened the envelope again. The word "fear again" describes psychological nuances. This "about to open" detail is not so much to add a few words that I haven't had time to say, but to verify your doubts and concerns. The uncertainty of this "fear" actually prompted the poet to make a decision to "reopen" without thinking, which shows that he attaches great importance to this "meaningful" letter from home and deeply misses his loved ones-a thousand words, for fear of missing a sentence. Of course, not all the phenomena of "pedestrians breaking through the door" in life are typical and worth writing in poetry. Only when it is associated with a specific background and a specific psychological state can it show its typical significance. This poem, which is full of profound meaning in the autumn wind, was written with the details of "imminent, unsealed" under the condition of "endless fear", which itself contains the refinement and typification of life materials, rather than a simple description of life.
Poetry translation
The annual autumn wind has blown into Luoyang City again, urging me to write a letter to my family and communicate with my relatives. When the messenger was leaving, I opened the sealed envelope again and quickly added a few more words, but I was in a hurry.
Poetry appreciation
This is a homesick poem. Express homesickness by describing the feelings before and after writing a letter. Qiu Si.
The first sentence explains the reason of "The Writer's Book" ("Looking at Autumn Wind"), and the last three sentences describe the psychological activities before and after writing. Before writing a book, it is "full of meaning" and after writing a book, it is "endless fear". The detail of "opening the envelope" vividly shows the mentality of "endless fear of repetition" and integrates meaning and form. What is written is common to everyone, but not everyone can say it. As a guest in a foreign country, I miss my hometown when I see the autumn wind. Please send me a message. Afraid of missing something when I left, I quickly opened it and read it several times. Things are flat, and once they enter poetry, especially when a master like Zhang Ji enters poetry, it will become a wonderful place. This is not common in poetry. Of course, there are also many excellent works with letters from home as the theme in Tang poetry. For example, Cen Can's "On welcoming messengers to Beijing": "When you meet, you don't need paper and pencil, and you can report peace with your message." Writer Ma Jun, in my busy schedule, as an envoy of Lu Yu, sent comfort to Lu Yu's family. Du Fu's hope for spring: "After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." The writer was trapped in Chang 'an under the occupation of An Shi Rebellion. I don't know if his home in the war was Anji, and I am eager to come to comfort me. They all expressed their homesickness with unique skills. The uniqueness of this poem lies in its depth, shallowness and softness in twists and turns. At first glance, it is just a few words, but it is full of profound meaning. Wang Anshi's poem entitled "Zhang" said: "It seems to be the most extraordinary, but in fact it is a piece of cake." It can quite tell the artistic style and creative bitterness of this poem. Poetry follows the autumn wind, which is a common technique since the Book of Songs. With the autumn wind, the wild geese fly north and south. They travel in other places, and it is easy to contact and think. For example, Liu Yuxi's "Autumn Wind" once said: "Autumn wind comes everywhere, and rustling sends geese. When I came to the court tree, the lone guest heard it first. " Let's look at the history of the poet again. It turns out that he is from Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), which reminds people of the story of Zhang. "Book of Jin, History of Han, Biography of Zhang" says: "Seeing the autumn wind, I miss Wuzhong leek, soup and perch, saying,' If you don't aspire to your life, how can you become famous after being detained for thousands of miles!'" "Then I drove home." And Hans Zhang Daitong, with all the officials to the north. Hans Zhang predicted that Sima Tong, the king of Qi, would make trouble, so he decided to abdicate. Zhang Ji may not have any political reasons, but when he saw the autumn wind, his thoughts about his hometown were very similar. Although he couldn't "drive home" immediately like Hans Zhang, he poured his homesickness on paper. This creative impulse to feel things is a feature of this poem. Although it uses the traditional "ascending" method, it contains such rich connotations. "If you want to be a writer, you are full of meaning", in which the word "desire" is closely related to "watching the autumn wind". It turns out that the poet's mood is calm, like a clear water. The autumn wind blew his emotional ripples. The writing is fluent, but at the end of the sentence, the word "heavy meaning" suddenly came back, just like calligraphy. Therefore, the poet's feelings here are not downstream, but deeper. This technology, seemingly ordinary, is actually extremely high. We played poetry carefully: the poet was homesick for the autumn wind and wanted to write a book, and I didn't know where to start with a thousand words. "Meaning is important", but using virtual reality. Liu Yuxi said in "Song of the Knife Ring": "Today, facing each other, the pulse is full of gravity." "Ten thousand centers of gravity" and "ten thousand meanings" are extremely complicated thoughts and feelings. Every reader with life experience can understand how much care there is. How to write this book because it is full of meaning? Did you write it? The author didn't make it clear for the reader to imagine, which is endless and thought-provoking. Although it's "very meaningful", I can't write it, but in terms of meaning, I wrote a letter from Zhang Ji's home.
The problem is that I am in a hurry to write, and I haven't finished it yet. The word "urgent" is vivid and picturesque, which not only describes one's own side, but also reflects the sender's side. As can be seen from the following, the messenger met him immediately during the trip: he may be about to get on the horse and board the ship. Even if it's not as urgent as Cen Can's "meeting at once" in Beijing, he's still anxious for a long time. As the messenger is in such a hurry, the writer has to write quickly. It's difficult to express the ideas in a hurry. In this logical description, the poet's eagerness and haste are as vivid as they are now. The word "inexhaustible" also closely echoes the above-mentioned "heavy meaning", because it is "inexhaustible" and "heavy meaning" is also related to the homesickness caused by "seeing the autumn wind". Huang Shucan's Notes on Tang Poetry says: "The meaning of the first sentence has been generally seen, and the official letter is inexhaustible." When pedestrians come, Kaifeng opens, which is even more wonderful. Think about how to connect the second half of this song, and you will know that the first sentence is difficult to write. "Explain that the beginning of the second half of the poem and the beginning of the whole poem are closely linked. The conclusion of the sentence is even more ingenious and can be called a warning strategy. Yu Biyun nearby commented: "I wrote a book, but I can't talk for a long time. I am about to open, and I am homesick. " He added: "This kind of poetry is all about sex." The so-called "ultimate language" is to write the most sincere feelings of human beings and reach the extreme. Structurally, the last sentence says "I can't talk about it in a hurry" and the next sentence says "I'm going to open it soon", which makes the atmosphere of "hurry" full.
Evaluation of works
Wang Anshi's evaluation of the poem said: it seems the most unusual, but in fact it is easy and difficult to achieve ("Zhang Shi"), but the "Peach Blossom Garden" for reading.
This comment gained the essence of Zhang Ji's excellent works and the bitterness and samadhi. This poem, which is extremely natural, extremely plain and as natural as life itself, actually confirms Wang Anshi's detailed comments. Because this poem has made such outstanding achievements in art, its predecessors gave it a high evaluation. Lin Changyi's poem "Shooting Eagle Tower" said: "Wenchang (Zhang)' Luoyang City sees the autumn wind' is a must, and the seven wonders will be met. It is also rare for people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty to come here, not only to Yuefu Gu Zhuo, but also to compete with the prosperous Tang Dynasty. " General critics believe that poetry reached the middle Tang Dynasty, which is not enough to compete with the prosperous Tang Dynasty. But as far as this poem is concerned, it is no exaggeration to intercept a fragment of daily life, dig deep into the feelings of the characters, and write their feelings in simple language, which is thicker than simplicity, simple poetry style and muddy artistic conception, and is called "the realm of seven wonders"; Compared with similar works by famous artists (such as Cen Can) in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it is not inferior.
Achievement of works
Zhang Ji's Yuefu poems have made great artistic achievements. He is good at summarizing the opposites of things, forming a strong contrast between several articles or articles, and is good at using sketching techniques to depict various characters in detail and truly. Its genre is mostly new Yuefu, which is a famous article about events, and sometimes it can borrow old topics to make new ones. The language is simple, simple and implicit, and it is often written in spoken language. He also deliberately refined the conclusion to achieve the effect of implicit criticism and irony. Zhang Ji's five laws are not decorative, but carved, concise, smooth and euphemistic, which has a great influence on the five laws in the late Tang Dynasty. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House has Zhang Ji's poems.
Brief introduction of the author
Zhang Ji (about 767- 830) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Wenchang, originally from Wujun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), was born in Qiu Si.
When I was young, I moved to Wujiang (now Wujiang Town, Anhui County). In the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan, he was a scholar. Successively served as Taishou of Taichang Temple, assistant of imperial academy, secretary of Lang, doctor, minister of water affairs, and doctor of guest. He is an official of the company, so he is called Zhang Shuibu and Zhang in the world. Because of his poor family and serious eye diseases, Meng Jiao was nicknamed "Poor and Blind Zhang Taizhu". His understanding of the social function of literature is similar to Bai Juyi's. Make friends with Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Meng Jiao and Wang Jian. Poetry mostly reflects the social contradictions and sufferings of people's livelihood at that time, and Bai Juyi's emphasis is quite easy, just like Rainbow's sword, which is called "Zhang Wang". And Zhang's collection. Zhang Ji's poetry creation can be roughly divided into three periods. The early stage is before the age of 40. 40-50 years old is the middle period, and his excellent Yuefu songs are mostly written in this period. Late stage after the age of 50. At this time, life gradually settled down. Besides writing Yuefu songs, I wrote more modern poems. He was an active supporter and promoter of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. Many of his Yuefu poems reflect the social reality at that time and show sympathy for the people. His poems are characterized by concise and natural language. It was only built at that time, and it was called "Zhang Wang" internationally. Poetry widely and profoundly reflects various social contradictions and sympathizes with people's sufferings, such as Xia Sai Qu and Conspiring Women's Complaints, and another kind depicts rural customs and life pictures, such as Lotus Picking Song and Jiangnan Qu. Zhang Ji's Yuefu poems have made great artistic achievements. He is good at summarizing the opposites of things, forming a strong contrast between several articles or articles, and is good at using sketching techniques to depict various characters in detail and truly. Its genre is mostly new Yuefu, which is a famous article about events, and sometimes it can borrow old topics to make new ones. The language is simple, simple and implicit, and it is often written in spoken language. He also deliberately refined the conclusion to achieve the effect of implicit criticism and irony. Zhang Ji's five laws are not decorative, but carved, concise, smooth and euphemistic, which has a great influence on the five laws in the late Tang Dynasty. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House has Zhang Ji's poems.
Text position
This poem is selected as an annotated text of the first volume of Chinese in the fifth grade of primary school published by People's Education Publishing House. Appreciation of Tang Poetry and Song Poetry by China Publishing House (optional) is an extended text with some notes.