Guests are walking in the fields, and every house is closed. I'd like to ask the people in the house to become merchants. Officials do not tax merchants, but tax farmers have to work hard. The inhabitants are separated from the east and the west, and the roads encroach upon the acres. Collect jade on the top of the mountain, search for pearls and enter the water house. The soldiers on the border ask for food and clothing, which is the same as dirt. In ancient times, if one person plowed the land, three people would still be hungry. Today, tens of millions of households don’t have a hoe or plow. My barns are always empty, and my fields are full of thistles. If there is no rain from heaven, why should we live in Xili? ——Tang Dynasty·Yao He's "Traveling in the Wilderness of the Village" "Traveling in the Wilderness of the Zhuangju" When traveling in the countryside, all the houses are closed. I'd like to ask the people in the house to become merchants.
Officials do not tax merchants, but tax farmers have to work hard. The inhabitants are separated from the east and the west, and the roads encroach upon the acres.
Collect jade on the top of the mountain, search for pearls and enter the water house. The soldiers on the border ask for food and clothing, which is the same as dirt.
In ancient times, when one person plowed the land, three people were still hungry. Today, tens of millions of households don’t have a hoe or plow.
My barns are always empty, and my fields are full of thorns. If there is no rain from heaven, why should we live in Xili? Worry about the country and the people, sympathize with the farmers Translation and annotations
Translation
While walking in the fields, I accidentally discovered that many houses in the village were empty. After asking the villagers passing by, I found out that the people in these houses had gone out to do business.
Officials did not tax merchants, but taxed farmers who worked hard. The people living here have gone into business to find a way out, so that the land here has not been cultivated and has been turned into a road for pedestrians.
These businessmen risked their lives by going up the mountains to collect jade and diving into the water for pearls. But the soldiers on the frontier needed food and clothing, and these jewels were like clay, unable to satisfy hunger and keep out the cold.
In ancient times, one person farmed, but three people still had enough to eat. Now among thousands of households, no one holds a plow and a hoe to plow the fields.
Our granaries have been empty for a long time, and our fields have been completely deserted. If food doesn't fall from the sky, how can we feed so many people? Appreciation
After Yao He took office as the administrator of Wugong County, he lived in the farm for a period of time and wrote some poems reflecting the rural situation, which were of greater social significance. This song "Zhuang Ju Ye Xing" is one of the more typical ones.
The poem "Zhuang Ju Ye Xing" rectified the social trend of valuing business over agriculture that existed in the society at that time, and expressed deep sympathy for the insulted and damaged farmers. Because the Tang Dynasty's government emphasized commerce but neglected agriculture, farmers abandoned farming and doing business, resulting in the serious situation of "tens of millions of households without a hoe and plow". Therefore, the author strongly appealed, hoping to attract the attention of the government. This poem is similar to Liu Jia's "Reverse Jia Ke Le", and it broadens the subject matter of Tang poetry creation.
This poem is quite distinctive in its use of the artistic expression technique of Fu.
As soon as the poet started writing, he directly described the poet's "wild journey", which highlighted the desolate and desolate reality of rural areas where "every house is closed". Then, the poet excavated and analyzed the social reasons why farmers "closed their homes" to engage in business, explaining that the fundamental reason why farmers were forced to become homeless and wander around was that "officials did not tax merchants, and tax farmers had to work hard." Next, the poet showed the hardships of farmers being forced to pick jade and pearls and the life scenes of border soldiers extorting farmers. He also analyzed the fatuous behavior of "officials" forcing farmers to do business from the vast time domain of ancient and modern times. Whipping, thus expressing the poet's sorrow and hatred for the turbulent social situation. The angry question at the end of the poem, "If there is no rain from heaven, why should we live in the sun?" embodies the poet's deep concern for the peasants.
The expression technique of Fu lies in writing about objects and objects, and it is mostly used in narrative poems. This poem is almost entirely composed of verses. The poet starts from the social status quo of "every house is closed" at the beginning, unfolds the scenes layer by layer, and expands the picture, from "field" to "house", from "house" to "ridge" "acre", from "mountain top" to "water house", from "ancient times" to "now", from "cang" to "field"... all have reached the point of "taking shape with things", and every aspect of the environment As the story goes on, it is always written with emotion, allowing readers to see through the emotional adverbs of time and degree such as "Ji", "Jin", "Jiu", "Chang", etc. that the late Tang Dynasty prioritized commerce over agriculture. Although the unfortunate consequences of the policies brought to society are straightforward, they are quite touching and artistic. Creative background: Yao He became a Jinshi in the 11th year of Yuanhe (816) and was awarded the title of Master of Martial Arts. After taking up this post, he lived in a farm for a period of time and wrote some poems reflecting the rural situation, which were of greater social significance. This song "Zhuang Ju Ye Xing" is one of the more typical ones. Since the Communist Party of the Tang Dynasty valued commerce over agriculture, causing farmers to abandon farming and engage in business, the author made a strong appeal, hoping to attract the attention of the Communist Party. Yao He was born in Xiashi, Shaanzhou. The dates of birth and death are unknown, but Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty was alive around the time of Taihe. In the name of poetry. In the 11th year of Dengyuanhe (816 AD), he became a Jinshi. He was first awarded the title of Master of Martial Arts, so he was called Yao Martial Arts. Tiao Fuping and Wannianwei. In Baoli Zhong (around 826 AD), Li was the censor of the Li Dynasty and a member of the Ministry of Household Affairs. He served as the governor of Jingzhou and Hangzhou. Later, he served as an observation envoy to Shaanxi and Guo. He traveled with Ma Dai, Fei Guanqing, Yin Yaofan, and Zhang Ji, and Li Pin served as his teacher. The poem is as famous as Jia Dao and is known as "Yao and Jia". He served as Secretary and Supervisor until the end of his career. He co-authored ten volumes of poetry collections, "New Tang Calligraphy and Literature Chronicles" and selected poems by eighteen people including Wang Wei and Zu Yong, one volume of Ji Xuan Collection. He also copied ancient poetry couplets and described their meanings, each with its own style and style. One volume of poetry examples (both "Biography of Talents of the Tang Dynasty") has been handed down to the world.
Yao He
Yao He was born in Xiashi, Shaanzhou. The dates of birth and death are unknown, but Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty was alive around the time of Taihe. In the name of poetry. In the 11th year of Dengyuanhe (816 AD), he became a Jinshi. He was first awarded the title of Master of Martial Arts, so he was called Yao Martial Arts. Tiao Fuping and Wannianwei. In Baoli Zhong (around 826 AD), Li was the censor of the Li Dynasty and a member of the Ministry of Household Affairs. He served as the governor of Jingzhou and Hangzhou. Later, he served as an observation envoy to Shaanxi and Guo. He traveled with Ma Dai, Fei Guanqing, Yin Yaofan, and Zhang Ji, and Li Pin served as his teacher. The poem is as famous as Jia Dao and is known as "Yao and Jia". He served as Secretary and Supervisor until the end of his career. He co-authored ten volumes of poetry collections, "New Tang Calligraphy and Literature Chronicles" and selected poems by eighteen people including Wang Wei and Zu Yong, one volume of Ji Xuan Collection. He also copied ancient poetry couplets and described their meanings, each with its own style and style. One volume of poetry examples (both "Biography of Talents of the Tang Dynasty") has been handed down to the world. ? 559 poems and essays The vastness is vast, the flat sand is endless, and there are no people in sight. The river is lingering and the mountains are in dispute. It's gloomy and miserable, the wind is sad and the sun is shining. The awnings are broken, the grass is withered, and it is as cold as frost in the morning. The birds cannot fly, and the beasts are desperate. The chief of the pavilion told Yu: "This ancient battlefield is often surrounded by three armies. Ghosts often cry, and when the sky is cloudy, you can hear them." How sad! Qin and Han? Near modern times? I heard that my husband, Qi Wei, was garrisoning, and Jing and Han were recruiting. Traveling thousands of miles, exposed year after year. Grazing on the sand and grass in the morning, crossing the river ice at night. The earth is vast and the sky is long, and I don’t know the way back. Who cares if you are leaning on a sharp edge? When the Qin and Han Dynasties returned, there were many troubles in the four barbarians, and the central state was depleted, which was unprecedented in the world. In ancient times, they were called Rongxia, and they did not resist the king's division. Culture and education were lost, and military ministers used strange things. Strange soldiers are different from benevolence and righteousness, and the king's way is circuitous and broad, so don't do it. Woohoo! I miss you, the north wind shakes the desert, and the soldiers are waiting for you. The general is arrogant to the enemy and is expected to be attacked. Flags are raised in the wild, and Sichuan returns to group training. The emphasis on the Dharma is frightening, and the authority and destiny are despised. The sharp arrowhead pierced the bones, shocked the sand into the face, the host and the guest fought against each other, and the mountains and rivers were dazzled. The sound analyzes the rivers, and the thunder and lightning collapse. It's as if the darkness is closed, the cold sea corner is covered with snow up to the shin, and solid ice is on the beard. The birds of prey rest in their nests, and the conquering horses hesitate. The string has no warmth, and the fingers will fall and the skin will crack. When the weather is bitter and cold, the weather is strong and the beasts are strong, and the murderous spirit of the mausoleum is used to cut and slaughter each other. Cut off the baggage and attack the soldiers horizontally. The captain is newly surrendered, and the general is gone. Corpses lay on the shores of the giant port, and blood filled the caves of the Great Wall. Neither noble nor base, they are both withered bones. What a success! The drums are weak and the strength is exhausted, the arrows are exhausted and the strings are broken, the white blades are crossed and the swords are broken, the two armies are frowning and fighting for life and death. If you surrender, you will be a barbarian for life; if you fight, you will be exposed to the bones and gravel. The birds are silent, the mountains are silent, the night is long and the wind is blowing. The sky is heavy with souls, and the clouds are full of ghosts and gods. The sun is cold and the grass is short, the moon is bitter and frosty white. Sad and miserable, that’s how it is! I heard: Mu used Zhao soldiers to destroy the forest and barbarians, opened up thousands of miles of land, and escaped from the Huns. The Han Dynasty conquered the world, and its wealth and strength were poor. It doesn’t matter if you just leave it to others! Zhou chased the wolf and reached Taiyuan in the north. As soon as the city was at Shuofang, the whole army returned. Drink to Ce Xun, be happy and leisurely. Mu Mu Didi, between the monarch and his ministers. Qin built the Great Wall and turned the sea into a pass. It poisons the people and spreads thousands of miles to Zhu Yin. When the Han attacked the Xiongnu, although they captured the Yin Mountains and their corpses were scattered across the fields, their success could not make up for the trouble. In this vast world, who has no parents? I support and support others, fearing that they will not live long. Who has no brothers? Like feet and hands. Who doesn’t have a couple? Like a guest or a friend. What grace is there in life, and what blame is there in killing? Whether it exists or not, no one knows about it. People may have something to say, but they may believe it or doubt it. It's so painful to see in my heart and eyes. I am pouring out my wine, crying and looking to the end of the world. The heaven and earth are in sorrow, the grass and trees are miserable. If the hanging sacrifice does not come, the soul has no one to rely on. There will be bad years and people will be displaced. Woohoo! Time is right? As it has been since ancient times! What can be done? Stay in Siyi. ——Tang Dynasty·Li Hua's "Essays on the Ancient Battlefield"
Essays on the Ancient Battlefield
Tang Dynasty: Li Hua
The vastness and the boundless flat sand , no one was seen. The river is lingering and the mountains are in dispute. It's gloomy and miserable, the wind is sad and the sun is shining. The awnings are broken, the grass is withered, and it is as cold as frost in the morning. The birds cannot fly, and the beasts are desperate. The chief of the pavilion told Yu: "This ancient battlefield is often surrounded by three armies. Ghosts often cry, and when the sky is cloudy, you can hear them." How sad! Qin and Han? Near modern times?
I heard that my husband, Qi Wei, was a corvee garrison, and Jing and Han were recruiting. Traveling thousands of miles, exposed year after year. Grazing on the sand and grass in the morning, crossing the river ice at night. The land is vast and the sky is long. Read the full text∨
The vastness is vast, the flat sand is endless, and there are no people in sight. The river is lingering and the mountains are in dispute. It's gloomy and miserable, the wind is sad and the sun is shining. The awnings are broken, the grass is withered, and it is as cold as frost in the morning. The birds cannot fly, and the beasts are desperate. The chief of the pavilion told Yu: "This ancient battlefield is often surrounded by three armies. Ghosts often cry, and when the sky is cloudy, I can hear them." How sad! Qin and Han? Near modern times?
I heard that my husband, Qi Wei, was a corvee garrison, and Jing and Han were recruiting. Traveling thousands of miles, exposed year after year. Grazing on the sand and grass in the morning, crossing the river ice at night. The earth is vast and the sky is long, and I don’t know the way back. Who cares if you are leaning on a sharp edge? When the Qin and Han Dynasties returned, there were many troubles in the four barbarians, and the central state was depleted, which was unprecedented in the world. In ancient times, they were called Rongxia, and they did not resist the king's division. Culture and education were lost, and military ministers used strange things. Strange soldiers are different from benevolence and righteousness, and the king's way is circuitous and broad, so don't do it. Woohoo!
I think the north wind shakes the desert, and the soldiers are waiting for me. The general is arrogant to the enemy and is expected to be attacked. Flags are raised in the wild, and Sichuan returns to group training. The emphasis on the Dharma is frightening, and the authority and destiny are despised. The sharp arrowhead pierced the bones, shocked the sand into the face, the host and the guest fought against each other, and the mountains and rivers were dazzled. The sound analyzes the rivers, and the thunder and lightning collapse. It's as if the darkness is closed, the cold sea corner is covered with snow up to the shin, and solid ice is on the beard. The birds of prey rest in their nests, and the conquering horses hesitate. The string has no warmth, and the fingers will fall and the skin will crack. When the weather is bitter and cold, the weather is strong and the beasts are strong, and the murderous spirit of the mausoleum is used to cut and slaughter each other. Cut off the baggage and attack the soldiers horizontally. The captain is newly surrendered, and the general is gone. Corpses lay on the shores of the giant port, and blood filled the caves of the Great Wall. Neither noble nor base, they are both withered bones. What a success! The drums are weak and the strength is exhausted, the arrows are exhausted and the strings are broken, the white blades are crossed and the swords are broken, the two armies are frowning and fighting for life and death. If you surrender, you will be a barbarian for life; if you fight, you will be exposed to the bones and gravel. The birds are silent, the mountains are silent, the night is long and the wind is blowing. The sky is heavy with souls, and the clouds are full of ghosts and gods. The sun is cold and the grass is short, the moon is bitter and frosty white. Sad and miserable, that’s how it is!
I heard: Mu used Zhao soldiers to destroy the forest and barbarians, opened up thousands of miles of land, and escaped from the Huns.
The Han Dynasty conquered the world, and its wealth and strength were poor. It doesn’t matter if you just leave it to others! Zhou chased the wolf and reached Taiyuan in the north. As soon as the city was at Shuofang, the whole army returned. Drink to Ce Xun, be happy and leisurely. Mu Mu Didi, between the monarch and his ministers. Qin built the Great Wall and turned the sea into a pass. It poisons the people and spreads thousands of miles to Zhu Yin. When the Han attacked the Xiongnu, although they captured the Yin Mountains and their corpses were scattered across the fields, their success could not make up for the trouble.
In this vast world, who has no parents? I support and support others, fearing that they will not live long. Who has no brothers? Like feet and hands. Who doesn’t have a couple? Like a guest or a friend. What grace is there in life, and what blame is there in killing? Whether it exists or not, no one knows about it. People may have something to say, but they may believe it or doubt it. It's so painful to see in my heart and eyes. I am pouring out my wine, crying and looking to the end of the world. The heaven and earth are in sorrow, the grass and trees are miserable. If the hanging sacrifice does not come, the soul has no one to rely on. There will be bad years and people will be displaced. Woohoo! Time is right? As it has been since ancient times! What can be done? Stay in Siyi. ▲ Views of ancient literature, war, mourning the past and hurting the present, worrying about the country and the people, wandering the flowing water, and paying homage to the sea. The flying falcon flies and stops. Sorry, my brothers and friends. No one is willing to have chaotic thoughts. Who has no parents? The water is flowing, and the water is flowing. The flying falcon carries it flying. Remembering him without leaving a trace, carrying him on his journey. The worries in my heart cannot be forgotten. Flying falcons lead him to Zhongling. Wouldn't you rather punish the people's slander? I respect my friend and slander him. ——Pre-Qin Dynasty·Anonymous "Mianshui"
Mianshui
Pre-Qin: Anonymous
The flowing water of Mian is in the sea. The flying falcon flies and stops. Sorry, my brothers and friends. No one is willing to have chaotic thoughts. Who has no parents?
The water is flowing, and the water is flowing. The flying falcon carries it flying. Remembering him without leaving a trace, carrying him on his journey. The worries in my heart cannot be forgotten.
Flying falcons lead him to Zhongling. Wouldn't you rather punish the people's slander? I respect my friend and slander him. The Book of Songs, Worrying about the country and the people. Traveling on the Xin'an Road, I heard the shouts of soldiers. I would like to ask the official of Xin'an: "There is no young man in the county?" "The official notice was posted last night, and the men were selected for the second time." "The middle-aged men are extremely short, how can they guard the royal city?" The fat man is sent by his mother, and the thin man is alone. The white water flows eastward at dusk, and the green mountains still cry. "Don't let your eyes dry up and let you shed tears. With your eyes dry, you will see bones, and heaven and earth will be merciless! Our army takes Xiangzhou, and we hope it will be leveled day and night. Unexpectedly, the thieves are unpredictable, and they return to the army to disperse. We will get close to the old base and practice. He is still in the capital. There is no water for digging trenches, and his horse work is light. Kuang is Wang Shishun, and his care is very clear. Don't cry blood when you see him off." - "Xin'an Officials" by Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty
< p> Officials in Xin'anTang Dynasty: Du Fu Read more ∨ Traveling on Xin'an Road, I heard about the troops.
I would like to ask the Xin'an official: "Is there no young man in the county?"
"The official notice was sent out last night, and the second choice is for men."
"The middle-aged man is definitely short. , why defend the royal city?"
The fat man is sent by his mother, while the thin man is alone.
The white water flows eastward at dusk, and the green mountains still cry.
"Don't let your eyes dry up and let you shed tears.
When your eyes dry up, you will see the bones, and the world will be merciless!
Our army takes Xiangzhou and looks at it day and night. It's flat.
Unexpectedly, the soldiers returned to the base and dispersed.
The soldiers were still in the capital. Water, horse herding and labor are also light.
Kang is Wang Shishun, and his care is very clear.
Don't cry blood when you see him off, he is like a father and brother.
” ▲ War worries about the country and the people