Original text:
Talking too much will lead to failure, and the leakage of the utensil will lead to failure.
The river breaks through the ant hole, and the mountain breaks through the ape's hole.
The trickling river and Han current flow, and the skylight leads to the underworld.
Slanderous evil harms justice, and floating clouds obscure the day.
Exaggerated words have no loyalty, and prosperity is unreal.
People have two or three hearts, which can be combined into one.
Three people became market tigers, impregnated with degumming paint.
There are many things to worry about in life, and everything will be done after a long sleep.
Translation
Too many words will cause things to fail. The container leaks because it is not tight.
The collapse of river embankments can be seen from the ants building nests on the embankments, and the collapse of mountains and hills can be seen from the escape of apes.
Slow trickles can merge into the Yangtze River and Han River, and bright skylights can illuminate deep dark rooms.
Bad words and dishonesty can harm justice, and floating clouds can obscure the sun in the sky.
Gorgeous words will not have the slightest sincerity, and gorgeous and complicated appearance will not have actual content.
Several people have several hearts, how can they be combined together?
Three people falsely reported that there was a tiger in the market, and the listeners believed it; the glue paint would also be released if it was soaked in water for a long time.
When a person lives in the world, he has too many things to worry about; only if he sleeps for a long time will he be unaware of everything.
Comments
Deathbed poems: When written before death, they are also called death poems.
Talking too much can lead to failure: Kong Rong "the seat is always full of guests, and the wine in the bottle is never empty". He often talks eloquently to the guests and has several arguments with Cao Cao (see the original biography of "Book of the Later Han"), so he He was imprisoned by Xi Luo Zhi, a member of Cao Cao's party. This is the so-called "talking too much can lead to failure". Order, make. "Being defeated" means being arrested and thrown into jail.
Utensil: Utensil, here refers to the container. Bitter: suffering from. Not tight: refers to the gaps in the container that are not tightly connected.
River collapse: collapse of river embankment. Anthole: ant nest. Duan: the beginning, extended to the reason. "Han Feizi·Yu Lao": "The embankment of a thousand feet collapses through the holes of ants." "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Chen Zhongzhuan": "The light ones are the heavy ends, the small ones are the big sources, so the embankments collapse through the ant holes, and the energy leaks out." ”
Bad: collapse, collapse.
Juan (juān): the appearance of thin water flowing. Liu Xiang's "Shuoyuan·Jingshen": "If the trickle is not blocked, it will become a river." Jianghan: Yangtze River and Hanshui River.
Skylight: A window on the roof used for ventilation and lighting. Hades: A dark room. Ming, dim.
Slander: Refers to people who like to engage in slander and evil.
翳(yì): cover. One of the "Nineteen Ancient Poems": "The floating clouds cover the day, and the wanderer does not care about returning." Wang Yi's note in Song Yu's "Nine Bian": "The floating clouds cover the light of the moon; when greedy and flattery comes forward, loyalty and goodness are hindered."
Extravagant words: gorgeous words. "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Kong Rong" records that Cao Cao's "Book with Kong Rong" said that the discord between Kong Rong and Xi Lu was "the result of a small group of people", claiming to be a group of people who wanted to break up the flashy meeting. Kong Rong here refers to Lu Cui's false accusation as "excessive Ci".
Hua: Same as "flower", the flowers are many but not strong, that is, they are flashy but not substantial. Finally: end.
Two or three minds: three minds and two minds, inconsistent minds. This means that people are not loyal to the maintenance of the Han Dynasty.
An Neng is combined into one: "Yi·Xici": "Two people are of the same mind, and their sharpness can break the metal." This is used contrary to its meaning.
Three people become tigers in the market: Alleged from "Warring States Policy·Wei Ce": "It is clear that there are no tigers in the market. However, three people's words become tigers." It means that there are no tigers in the market originally. Because there are so many people in the legend, people believe it to be true. This parable speaks to a large number of people, and it can make people think falsehood is true.
Impregnation (zì): soak. Solution: dissolve, decompose. Glue: Glue and paint.
Consideration: thinking, sorrow.
Chang sleep: that is, long sleep, which refers to death.
Appreciation:
The poem starts with a clear meaning, deeply regretting the "failure", that is, the cause of saving the Han Dynasty failed in the end. Kong Rong always "liked to lure the underachievers," so he was invited as an aid. Even after he was deposed, he still attracted his wings, and "his door was filled with guests day by day." Claiming to be a "high-spirited scholar, his roots are firmly established" ("Miscellaneous Poems"), he publicly established a party to compete with Cao Cao. He is also very hateful by nature and finds it difficult to keep silent. He often sarcastically criticizes Cao and "speaks in a garbled manner, which often leads to disobedience." He also often publicly shows off that "the seats are always full of guests and the wine is always full, so I have no worries." ". His mouth was like a leak, frequently leaking information about his activities, and the secrets were beyond words. Cao Cao had to be vigilant and take countermeasures. If the utensils are not tight, leakage will occur. If the machine is not tight, it will cause harm. Things cannot go undefeated.
The two sentences "river collapse" are clever puns. Accepting the "leakage", I still feel deeply regretful and take full responsibility for it. Ant holes cause river banks to burst, and ape nests cause mountains to collapse. Too many words and too many mistakes, careless details, create holes and leave emptiness, which can ruin big things, just like this. On a deeper level, the author uses the words "mountain" and "river" to implicitly imply the mountains and rivers of the Han Dynasty. Molecule ants are humble and good at exploiting, and they are obsessed with profit. The apes can talk without leaving the beasts, and when they are wearing monkeys and wearing crowns, they are not like human beings. The animal image chosen by the author is a metaphor for the careerist who usurped the Han Dynasty, and his words contain condemnation and strong hatred.
"If the trickle is not blocked, it will eventually become a river" ("The Inscriptions of the Jin Dynasty"). The skylight on the roof can lead directly into the deep blue sky. The two sentences "Juan Juan" seem to warn oneself that one should keep one's mouth shut and be cautious; it also seems to imply that one has stolen the country and usurped the throne, and there are signs of it coming gradually. Both explanations are intriguing and seem to be mysterious and confusing.
The two sentences "slanderous" below are quite revealing. During the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, there is a line in "The Ballad of the Yellow Bird" that says, "Evil paths destroy fertile fields, and slanderous words confuse good people." This is a metaphor for Wang Mang's corruption of Han politics, and his pretense of falsehood and truth. "Slandering evil and harming justice" may have a hidden meaning. "Floating clouds obscure the white sun" shows signs of treacherous ministers subverting the emperor, and exposes Cao Cao's situation in power and holding the emperor hostage.
The two sentences of "Extensive Ci" show that he has given all his honest advice and expressed his beautiful words; however, it is off-putting to the listeners and has no effect at all. Just like flowers blooming in vain, they bear no fruit. There is also a sentence in "The Ballad of the Yellow Bird" that "the osmanthus tree has unreal flowers, and the yellow bird nests on its top." According to the "Hanshu·Five Elements Chronicles", it is quoted as saying: "The red osmanthus color is the elephant of the Han family. The flowers are unreal, and there are no heirs." "Wang Mang calls himself yellow, like a yellow nest in a nest." This does not exclude the author's association and comparison with the treacherous conspiracy between Cao and Mang.
The two sentences "人有" lament that Manchu officials were mostly ungrateful and unable to be loyal to the Han Dynasty. "Different road non-phase plan". He and this group of people go to court side by side, but they are just inseparable in appearance, and they will eventually part ways. This sentence feels quite isolated and helpless.
The two sentences "three people" show that rumors are terrible. There are no tigers in the city, but if three people tell it, it can confuse the audience. What's more, there are definitely more than three people who are slandering, such as Xi Lu and Lu Cui. Cao Cao was originally suspicious of himself, so he was destined to suffer misfortune. This sentence mainly shows that there are many spreaders of rumors. Substances such as glue and paint are difficult to dissolve in water, but if they are immersed for a long time, they will also be diluted and dissociated. This sentence emphasizes that slander has a long history.
So the author finally made a helpless conclusion in an extremely sad tone. "There are many worries in life", but living is full of worries, and there is no time or time. It is better to "sleep for a long time and everything will be done" and let death relieve the troubles, and let it end all family affairs, national affairs and world affairs.
The whole poem has intricate narratives. Either a single narration, a narration first and then a metaphor, or a continuous metaphor, resulting in varying writing styles. The citation can be flexible, either implicit or used in various ways. However, Cao Cao's ambition to usurp the Han Dynasty is revealed through satirical artistic techniques such as puns, pretexts, hints, and subtleties. The author is upright, high-minded, upright, and not afraid of evil. At a young age, he risked his life to hide members of the party and competed with his brother to take responsibility for the official's crimes. He was assassinated several times because of his denunciation of powerful people. The poem is like the person, and when you read it, you feel that there is a kind of awe-inspiring vitality between the lines, so it is far beyond the reach of the "Death Poems" imitated by the great poet Xie Lingyun of the Southern Dynasties.