Introduction: There are three ancient poems in Unit 2 of Compulsory 4 of the new curriculum, which is difficult for students to understand. One is Su Shi's Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia, and the other two are Xin Qiji's Shui Long Yin Deng Healthy Pavilion and Yong Yu Le Jing Kou Beigu Pavilion Nostalgia. These three poems are all historical poems. The characteristic of this kind of poetry is to use allusions to achieve the purpose of hurting oneself, hurting the present and reflecting. The following are the wonderful lesson plans I shared, hoping to bring help to everyone!
teaching objectives
first, we can accurately find out the ancient and modern connection points of chanting history and cherishing ancient poems;
second, understand the content of poetry, and tell the role of "remembering the past with allusions" in poetry.
Teaching focuses on difficulties, finding the connection point between ancient and modern, and mastering the three functions of nostalgic poems.
combination of teaching method and practice summary method
arranging one class in each class
class content
1. Class lead-in: (courseware display)
The biggest lyric theme in China traditional literature is not love, not death, but nostalgia and sigh of rise and fall. -Yu Qiuyu
Yes, in the history of smoke and dust, in historical poems. Today, let's feel the vicissitudes of history and listen to the echo of poetry with the poet's heartbeat.
second, summary of methods:
1. What are ancient poems? (Courseware display)
Nostalgia for ancient poetry means that the poet takes historical events, historical figures and historical traces as the theme, and achieves the purpose of feeling the rise and fall, expressing grief and satirizing the present by climbing high and looking far, chanting historical facts and remembering historical sites. Because this kind of poems write more about the past of the ancients, they use allusions and euphemisms.
2. How to read nostalgic poems?
when understanding, we should pay attention to grasping: one contact, three clues
one contact: find the right contact. To understand nostalgic poems, we must first understand the historical facts and related figures involved in the works, and more importantly, pay attention to the connection point between people, events and the author's fate in these allusions.
3. Analyze examples and find connection points. (Courseware presentation)
on a Gate-Tower at Youzhou Chen Ziang
where, before me, are the ages that have gone?, and where, behind me, are the coming generations?.
I think of heaven and earth, without limit, without end, and I am all alone and my tears fall down.
"Youzhoutai" is a contact point, which is an allusion and tells the story of Yan Zhaowang's talent introduction. It connects Yan Zhaowang, who built Huang Jintai for re-using talents, and Chen Ziang, who was repeatedly remonstrated but not adopted, and uses the method of contrasting and hurting himself. This point of contact makes us realize the author's cry that he can't display his heart for the country and the people.
ten thousand ranges and valleys approach the Jing Gate, and the village in which the Lady of Light was born and bred. She went out from the purple palace into the desertland, she has now become a green grave in the yellow dusk.
her face! Can you picture a wind of the spring?, the soul of the moonlit night returns to the sky. Song of the Tartars on her jade guitar, telling her eternal sorrow.
firstly, Wang Zhaojun's departure from the fortress and Du Fu's "wandering between heaven and earth in the southwest", and secondly, Wang Zhaojun's "tragic fate" of being a beautiful queen and not being favored by Du Fu's "the greater the timber, the tougher it is to use". The princess in the poem is the poet himself, and the poet himself is like the princess in those days.
Shu Xiang Du Fu
where is the temple of the famous Premier, in a deep pine grove near the City of Silk. With the green grass of spring colouring the steps, and birds chirping happily under the leaves.
the third summons weighted him with affairs of state, and to two generations he gave his true heart. But before he could conquer, he was dead, and heroes have wept on their coats ever since.
Digging the connection point between the two (discussion exercise): Prime Minister's Temple (Du Fu-Zhuge Liang)
Theme: Poets compare themselves with the ancients and learn from Zhuge Liang. Through comparison, it not only shows admiration and praise for Zhuge Liang, but also shows regret for not realizing his dream. In contrast, it reveals loss, and in the same boat, it feels * * *.
4. Make a general analysis and determine three cables. (Courseware display)
There are no more than three emotional clues revealed by the author in nostalgic poems: cherishing others and hurting oneself, cherishing the past and hurting the present, and rational reflection
Summary 1: cherishing others and hurting oneself. The author's memory of the ancients is generally due to the similarities or opposites between the ancients' life experience and the author. The trigger point lies in the ancients and the foothold lies in himself.
classification: ① contrast-lost type: the ancients showed their ambitions, made achievements, and got their wishes. However, for some reason, he was left out by the imperial court or could not make the best use of it, so he was depressed and even passive.
For example, Su Shi's Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia (demoted)
Connection point: Red Cliff-Su Shi and Zhou Lang who share the same heart of helping the world.
Zhou Yu: Young talents make "the ashes disappear".
myself: my temples are stained with frost, but I haven't finished my studies. I have passed the age of no doubt, but my heart is in Tianshan Mountain and my body is old.
A strong contrast gives students a strong feeling of "life is like a dream".
② misery loves company: I have the same experience as the ancients, and remembering the ancients shows my dissatisfaction.
Example: Li Shangyin's Jia Sheng
Summary 2: Nostalgia for the past hurts the present. Poets with poor scholars as the mainstream in ancient times, when paying attention to national politics and social life with the idea of saving the world and the people, often express their concern, enthusiasm, dissatisfaction or vigilance about reality by writing historical sites and events. Huaigu, although the contact point is ancient, actually shows a strong concern for reality. The author put himself in it and expressed his own feelings.
For example, Li Qingzhao in "Jueju"
Born as an outstanding person, he died as a ghost hero.
I miss Xiang Yu so far and refuse to cross Jiangdong!
The reason why the author misses Xiang Yu is not only that the author has the spirit of being a heroine, but also that many people in the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty were partial to the northern expedition, which reminded the author of the hero Xiang Yu. This is a statement, a taunt and a cry. In contrast, the meaning of poetry is naturally clear: the times call for heroes.
classification: ① ancient prosperity and present decline: prosperity is far away, leaving only desolation, things change, and things change.
For example, Li Bai
The King of Yue Gou Jian destroyed Wu Gui, and the soldiers returned home with all their finery.
Maids-in-waiting are like the Flower Man Chun Hall, so far only partridges fly.
② Things are not human: the scenery remains the same, but Zhu Yan has changed. Things are different, satirizing today hurts today.
For example, Liu Yuxi in Stone Town
The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and returns to loneliness.
In the old days, in the east of Huaishui, I came to the female wall at night.
conclusion 3: rational reflection. In the first two kinds of poems, the authors all put themselves in them to express their feelings. In this way, the author jumps out and stands at the height of history, expressing his unique views on historical facts and enlightening the world.
Tu Mu in Tiwujiang Pavilion
The victory or defeat of the military was unexpected, and Bao was a man with shame.
There are many talented children in Jiangdong, and it is unknown that they will make a comeback.
Wang Anshi in Wujiang Pavilion
A brave man is tired after many battles, and it is difficult to recover from the defeat of the Central Plains.
Although the children of Jiangdong are here today, are they willing to make a comeback with the king?
Summary of nostalgia for ancient poems
Content classification
Thinking about others and hurting oneself and the past and hurting the present
Thoughts and feelings
Feeling that ambition is hard to be rewarded and talent is hard to meet;
the sadness of the past's ups and downs, the vicissitudes of things; Borrowing the past to satirize the sentimentality of today.
rational reflection enlightens future generations.
expression
use the classic
answer method
find the right connection point and grasp its function.
in ancient poetry, the motivation is to cherish the past and the ultimate goal is to express one's will and feelings. When appreciating, as long as we can closely grasp the allusions of "antiquity" and "history" in the poem, it is not difficult to interpret the true meaning of nostalgic poems.
Fourth, migration exercises: 1
Yong Yule Jingkou Beigu Pavilion Nostalgia Xin Qiji
Throughout the ages, heroes can't find Sun Zhongmou. Dancing in the pavilion and singing in the platform, the wind and rain always blow away the romantic feelings. The setting sun shines on the grassy plain of the grassy tree, where people say it was the place where Emperor Wu of Song had lived. Back then, he led the northern expedition, recover lost ground how powerful!
Yuan Jia was careless, sealing the wolf to live in Xuxu, and won a hasty retreat to the north. I have been back to the south for forty-three years, and I still remember the war scenes in Yangzhou with the flames of war. Looking back, there is a crow club drum under the Beaver Temple! Who can ask: Lian Po is too old to eat?
what expression is used? What is the function? What emotion does the author express?
Analysis: Shangcheng: Sun Zhongmou and Jinu, historical figures in Jingkou, made great achievements-comparing themselves and expressing their feelings of resisting the enemy and saving the country. (I hate others and hurt myself)
Xiatan: Beaver Temple-a comparison between the past and the present, which is hard to look back on. The sadness of the past ups and downs. (nostalgic for the past and hurting the present)
Yuan Jia was careless, sealing the wolf to live in a professional place-borrowing the past to satirize the present. (Nostalgia for the past hurts the present)
Lian Po is in the same boat and never forgets to serve his country. (I hate others and hurt myself)
Answer: 1. This word uses five allusions.
2. Function and thought: quoting Sun Zhongmou, sending slaves, and Lian Po, expressing the author's determination and ambition to recover the lost land and serve the country, and his sadness that his ambition is hard to pay.
Cite the Beaver Temple, Yuan Jia Cao Cao, and seal the wolf's residence to mourn over the past and hurt the present, to express the sadness of the prosperity of the past and the decline of the present, to satirize the present by using the past, and to satirize the rulers of the current dynasty, and to hope that they can learn from it.
Migration exercise: 2
Xin Qiji's novel "Nanxiangzi Dengjingkou Beigu Pavilion is pregnant"
Where to look at China? Eyes full of scenery, Beigu Building. How many things have risen and fallen through the ages? Long, endless Yangtze River rolling.
I'm young, and I haven't stopped fighting in the southeast. Who is the hero of the world? Cao Liu. Children should be like Sun Zhongmou.
connection point: Beigu Pavilion at Jingkou used: nostalgia for the past hurts the present
nostalgia for the past: eulogizing ancient heroes.
hurting the present: satirizing the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty. (Express patriotic pride)
5. Classroom exercises:
1. Read Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane and complete the following questions.
"Wuyi Lane" Liu Yuxi
There are weeds at the Zhuque Bridge, and the sunset is setting at the entrance of Wuyi Lane. The swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie an have now flown into the homes of ordinary people.
One or two sentences about Suzaku Bridge and Wuyi Lane have rendered a new atmosphere, and three or four sentences are used to express it. (Looking back on the past hurts the present, and the past flourishes and the present declines)
2. "Jinling Map" Wei Zhuang
The rivers and rains are raining and the grass is neat, and the birds in the Six Dynasties are like dreams. Ruthless is the Taicheng willow, and it is still a smoke cage.
this is a poem to mourn. One or two sentences of the poem still exist and become empty; Three or four sentences are still written, and the world is vicissitudes. Touching the scene and feeling, borrowing the scene to send my heart, secretly hurting the present. (reminiscing about the past hurts the present, and things are different)
3. "Folding Guizhi and Chanting History" Aruwei (Yuan)
Who is the hero in the world? There is wine near the river, and it is horizontal to Cao Gong. Purple cover yellow flag, more should be borrowed, Chibi Dongfeng. Even more shocked by Wolong in Nanyang, it became famous in the Eight Arrays. Three-point tripod, one point west Shu, one point east.
One of the mistakes in the interpretation of this sentence in Yuan Dynasty is ()
A. "Drinking wine near the river, crossing the bow of Cao Gong", which means that Cao Cao crosses the bow and sprinkles wine on the river to show his condolences.
B. "You should borrow more, and the east wind in Chibi" means that Sun Quan won the battle in Chibi with the help of the east wind.
C. "Being famous in the Eight Arrays" is to explain Zhuge Liang's achievements by using the poem of Du Fu's "the Eight-Sided Fortress is founded on his fame".
D. The last sentence points out the heroes of the Three Kingdoms: Liu Bei, Sun Quan and Cao Cao.
4. on climbing in nanjing to the terrace of phoenixes Li Bai
phoenixes that played here once, so that the place was named for them, have abandoned it now to this desolate river. Wu gong flowers are laid in the desolate path, and the number of royal royalty in the Jin dynasty has become a famine.
Three mountains and a half fall outside the sky, and Bailuzhou is divided into one water. There is always a traitor in power, like a cloud cover day, Chang' an can not see the heart depressed.
note ① monohydrate: also called "dihydrate".
Connection point: Phoenix Terrace-Prosperity of Jinling
Purpose: Nostalgia for the past hurts the present, and it is forbidden to reuse
Nostalgia for the past hurts the present (things are different, the past flourishes and the present declines)
5. Read the following Tang poem and answer this question.
"Red Cliff" Du Mu
The iron that sank the halberd and sank the sand has not been sold, so he will wash it and recognize the previous dynasty. If the east wind does not give Zhou Yu to be convenient, the end is afraid is Cao Cao victory, er Qiao is locked in the bronze sparrow terrace.
(1) "Red Cliff" is a work of reminiscing about the past and praising history, which was written by the poet after passing through the ancient battlefield of Red Cliff and feeling the success or failure of heroes in the Three Kingdoms period. What article caused the "nostalgia" of poetry?
(2) Some people think that the fourth sentence of this poem can be changed to "The country breaks and people die here". What do you think?
a: (1) the feelings of the people and deeds of the former dynasty from the rise of the iron halberd. (connection point)
(2) if it is changed to "the country breaks and people die here", the meaning is correct, but the poetic flavor is gone. Du Mu used the vivid poem "Copper finches lock Er Qiao in the spring" to see the big picture from the small, and to feel the feelings of national subjugation.
VI. Conclusion:
broken walls recorded the rise and fall of dynasties; Qinzhuan Hanwa tells the vicissitudes of history. How many elegant poems cherish the memory of romantic figures in ancient and modern times; Countless words and chapters describe the vicissitudes of the world. "God's will needs to be met, and the world needs poetry." Walking hand in hand with poetry on the road of life can enrich and enrich our hearts. Let's walk into this colorful and beautiful palace together, love Tang poetry and traditional culture. "European style and beautiful rain can't take away my soul of the Han Dynasty," because we are descendants of Qu Yuan and Li Du, and we were born in the most beautiful and ancient country-China!