Bright moon in Qin dynasty, bright moon in Han dynasty.
The Long March hasn't come back yet.
But Dragon City will fly in,
Don't teach Huma to climb the Yinshan Mountain.
This is a masterpiece, and Li Panlong, a poet in Ming Dynasty, once praised it as a masterpiece of Tang Dynasty. Shen Deqian in the Qing Dynasty said: "The chapter" Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty "was popularized without saying anything wonderful, and it was not his fault that Yan Shi was exhausted and failed; When the general flew to the edge to make preparations, the bonfire on the edge went out on its own, that is, Gao Changshi's "Travel" returned to "everyone called General Li". Fixing the border, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the bright moon belongs to Qin, the bright moon belongs to Han, and the poems are intertextual. " He criticized that Li Panlong only knew how to publicize the poem and didn't say anything wonderful, but he only explained the theme of the whole poem and didn't point out the author's originality.
The theme of the whole poem summarized by Shen Deqian is basically correct, but the idea of this theme is very common. Why can such an ordinary idea be written into a masterpiece? It turns out that there is one of the most beautiful and intriguing poems in this poem, that is, the first sentence at the beginning is "the moon is bright in Qin Dynasty, and the customs are closed in Han Dynasty". What is the beauty of this poem? We must start with this poem. The title of this poem is "Out of the Castle", which is a clear Yuefu poem. Yuefu poetry is to be composed into music and widely sung. In order to compose music and sing, some common words often appear in poetry. Wang Changling's poems are no exception. "Bright Moon" and "Guan" in the first sentence are very common words in Yuefu frontier poems. "Yuefu Solution" said: "Guan Shanyue, it is also sad to leave." People are homesick again, and they are often inseparable from the words "Guan" and "Yue"-"Guan Shan in March and May, the guest remembers Qinchuan" (Guan Shanyue by Xu Ling); "Guanshan jathyapple is bright, and autumn shines on the lonely city" (Wang Bao's Guan Shanyue); "You can't cross the mountain and Li Can, who can sit on the right side of the grass" (Lu Sidao's "Join the Army"); There are countless such examples, such as "the leading moon is near the pass, and the pedestrians in Longdong play the flute at night" (Wang Wei's "Leading Song"). Seeing this clearly, you will understand the novelty and wonder of this poem, that is, before the words "bright moon" and "Guan", two time qualifiers "Qin" and "Han" are added.
In this way, the characters from thousands of years ago and thousands of miles away naturally formed a unique artistic conception. Borrowing the word "prosperous and lofty" commonly used in the previous generation of poetry criticism, readers naturally associate it with the border pass under the bright moon, the long history of preparing for Hu in the Qin Dynasty, and a series of wars between the Han Dynasty and the Hu people inside and outside the pass. From this point of view, the "people who have not returned from the Long March" are not only contemporary people, but the tragedies of generations since the Qin and Han Dynasties. I hope that there will be "Dragon City Flying Generals" on the border who "don't teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountain", not only people in the Han Dynasty, but also people from generation to generation have the same wish. Ordinary Tragedy and Ordinary Hope both show extraordinary significance because of the appearance of the two time qualifiers "Qin" and "Han" in the first sentence. This poem is powerful enough to control the whole article. The beauty of poetry, the beauty of poetic language, is often manifested in seemingly ordinary words, or in using seemingly ordinary words in the most accurate and critical places. These places often best reflect the poet's superb artistic attainments.