What are Gothic Art, Baroque Art, Rococo Art and their styles?

an art that appeared in Europe from the 12th century to the early 16th century, mainly focusing on new architecture, including sculpture, painting and arts and crafts. This architectural style, contrary to the church style of Roman thick and dark semi-circular arches, widely uses pointed arches with light lines, small minarets with beautiful shapes, light and transparent flying buttresses, slender columns or cluster columns, and stained glass mosaic windows, resulting in an illusion of upward sublimation and mystery of heaven. It reflects the prevailing Christian concept of the times and the material and cultural outlook of medieval urban development. Representative works include Notre Dame de Paris in France, Cologne Church in Germany, Lincoln Church in Britain and Milan Church in Italy. "Gothic" (G. The word "thic" originated from medieval architecture, and it is an international art style that originated in northern France and spread throughout Europe, including all cultural phenomena such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music and literature. The basic nature of the will of Gothic art form refers to an endless driving force, and silence is the goal of this driving force. However, in the process of seeking silence and liberation, Gothic formal will can't get real silence and satisfaction. Gothic form will melt into confusion and madness, into the intense desire of extrasensory ecstasy and into a kind of sadness. It can be said that Gothic soul pursues a world beyond reality and senses. As the Gothic theorist Wollinger said; It is this heightened hysteria that is the most prominent symbol of Gothic phenomenon. "What people feel is psychological intoxication, and finally they get a great sense of freedom from the sensory world. Revival of Gothic Art Interest Since modern times, the Gothic art upsurge in Europe has been continuous. In the mid-18th century, Britain first witnessed the revival of Gothic artistic interest, which was inspired by romantic literature, especially romantic poetry, and was mixed with religious piety, mysterious and subtle view of nature, sad and fatalistic feelings and other factors. Gothic novels originated in the early 19th century, and their elements include mystery, bad luck, death and family curse, which makes the word "Gothic" associated with horror, darkness and supernatural artistic conception. Gothic novels have had a far-reaching impact on the development of Victorian literary styles. Revival of Gothic architecture was very popular in the 19th century. Some aristocratic squires in England were keen to rebuild the ruins of medieval Gothic churches in their estates to satisfy their nostalgia. Since the Napoleonic Wars, the romantic color and Gothic style that have already influenced literature and architecture have also extended to women's wear. In Europe and the United States, the jewels at the party began to penetrate into the daytime, and the pins inlaid with mosaics and embossed gems and their matching jewels gradually became popular. Gothic art became the carrier that inspired romantic artists' strong non-classical aesthetic feelings at that time. Baroque art refers to an art form that became popular in Europe in the late 16th century. Not only in painting, Baroque art represents the whole art field, including music, architecture and decorative arts. The word baroque comes from the Spanish and Portuguese "deformed pearl" (-baroque). As an adjective, this word means "gaudy and messy". At first, Europeans used this word to refer to "works lacking the balanced characteristics of classicism". It was originally a derogatory name for people who advocated classical art in the 18th century, and it was different from the Renaissance style in the 17th century. Now, this word has lost its original derogatory meaning and only refers to an artistic style popular in Europe in the 17th century. Although "Baroque" refers to works of art that lack classical balance, in fact, Baroque artists, like the predecessors of the Renaissance, attach great importance to the overall unity of design and effect. Baroque style is characterized by emphasizing "movement" and "transformation", especially in physical and emotional aspects. At the same time, Baroque is also a reaction to affectation. In the history of European culture, "Baroque" usually refers to the 17th century and the first half of 18th century (about 16 -175), but the year does not represent the absolute artistic style, especially architecture and music. This period is connected with the Renaissance (1452 -16), followed by the classical period and the romantic period. European culture has made great changes and achievements in all aspects. With the rise of the bourgeoisie, monarchy gradually became independent from religion (but democratic ideas sprouted). Science was initiated by Galileo, Newton and others. The trend in art is "secularization", full of energy, brave in innovation, and even ambitious. Famous artists in literature and art such as Shakespeare and Cervantes; Rubens, Lyngbrant, etc. are all influential in painting. It was also during this period that Europe expanded and colonized outward and gradually occupied the center of world civilization. Rococo art is a French art style in the 18th century, which originated in the late Louis XIV (1643 ~ 1715) and was popular in Louis XV (1715 ~ 1774). Its style is slim, exquisite, flashy and complicated, and it is also called "Louis XV style". The 18th century was regarded as the era of "rationality" or "Enlightenment". Philosophers changed their work from assuming the existence of God to inferring everything based on experiments and observations. They almost excluded theology from philosophy and chose the secular route, and their interests shifted from paying attention to noble education to seeking frivolous pleasure. The artistic style, among musicians Mozart, Haydn, writers Pope, Addison, Fu Ertai, painters Waldo and Consboro, runs through a kind of * * * same theme, which combines rationality and beautiful taste with relaxed, clear and orderly materials. Louis XIV often held various dances at Versailles, tormenting the nobles with cumbersome etiquette and meaningless duties, and then creating a leisurely environment with magnificent court decorations, which was conducive to having an affair, so as to consume the energy of the nobles and make them have no time to plan rebellion. Therefore, the artist is mandated to fabricate an ideal life of bliss, the only purpose of which is to create a leisurely and actually lazy social happiness. Rococo is relative to the grand and solemn classical art of Louis XIV. This change and the decline of the French aristocracy are related to the free exploration spirit of the Enlightenment (almost replacing religious belief) and the growing prosperity of the middle class. Rococo was also influenced by China's art during its formation, especially in garden design, interior design, silk products, porcelain, lacquerware, etc. (for example, Small Ceramics for People in China, Maier, Germany, 1768). Because French art was the center of Europe at that time, the influence of rococo art spread all over Europe. The complicated style of Rococo art is similar to that of China in the Qing Dynasty, which is the same sign that the feudal history of China and the West is coming to an end. Gothic style in medieval Europe reached its peak in the 12th to 15th century, with profound changes in its economy and society, and unprecedented development in its ideology, culture and art.. The baroque artistic style in this period originally refers to the architectural style that emphasized showing off wealth and using a lot of valuable materials in the 17th century, which also affected the comprehensive change of art at that time. The meaning of "Baroque" comes from Portuguese, which means "deformed pearl" and is also quoted as an adjective that deviates from the norm. Although Baroque inherited the affectation, it also eliminated the ambiguous and loose forms of affectation. Due to the influence of baroque artistic style, in the history of western clothing, the word "baroque style" was even used to represent the clothing style in Europe in the 17th century. Baroque art style originally refers to the architectural style that emphasized showing off wealth and using a lot of valuable materials in the 17th century, which also affected the comprehensive changes of art at that time. Artistic style, usually called "Gothic" style. The meaning of "Baroque" comes from Portuguese, which means "deformed pearl" and is also quoted as an adjective that deviates from the norm. Although Baroque inherited the affectation, it also eliminated the ambiguous and loose forms of affectation. Due to the influence of baroque artistic style, in the history of western clothing, the word "baroque style" was even used to represent the clothing style in Europe in the 17th century. Baroque art style originally refers to the architectural style that emphasized showing off wealth and using a lot of valuable materials in the 17th century, which also affected the comprehensive changes of art at that time. The meaning of "Baroque" comes from Portuguese, which means "deformed pearl" and is also quoted as an adjective that deviates from the norm. Although Baroque inherited the affectation, it also eliminated the ambiguous and loose forms of affectation. Due to the influence of baroque artistic style, in the history of western clothing, the word "baroque style" was even used to represent the clothing style in Europe in the 17th century. Rococo style is just like Ming-style furniture in China, which is famous for its smooth lines and beautiful shapes. In contrast, the French classical furniture with baroque style in the period of Louis XIV was characterized by carving, which was related to the bravery and fighting of King Louis XIV at that time, and reflected the strength in the furniture through carving. The rococo style is more feminine, and the most obvious feature is the chair legs based on ballet. You can see that delicate and elegant, that kind of rhythmic beauty that melts into furniture. The period of Louis XVI experienced historical changes, so it abandoned the complexity of Louis XIV and Louis XV, and turned the curve of furniture into a straight line, leaving only the design of grooves. In the neoclassical period, even the grooves were omitted, leaving straight lines. After the changes of the times, French classical furniture has been influenced by political and economic development. However, Rococo style is still the most representative style of French classical furniture, recognized and respected by people all over the world, and it is also a symbol of human identity and taste.