[Edit this paragraph] Annotation translation
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(1) is selected from Notes on Fan Chuan's Poems. Qinhuai (river name): Qinhuai River, which originates in the northeast of Lishui County, Jiangsu Province, flows through Nanjing and joins the Yangtze River. According to legend, it was dug by Qin Shihuang during his southern tour to dredge the Huaihe River, so it was called Qinhuai River.
(2) Cage type: shrouded type. This sentence was written in an intertextual way: smoke and the moon cover water and sand.
(3) Businessman: A woman who sings for a living in a restaurant or on a boat. Qing Xuzeng's "Er 'anshuo Tang Poetry" says that businesswomen make a living by singing.
(4) "backyard flower": It is the music "yushu backyard flower", and there are several people who write lyrics with this music, among which Chen of the Southern Dynasties is the most famous. Because Chen Houzhu was the king of national subjugation, later generations regarded his favorite songs and words in the back garden of Yushu as synonymous with the voice of national subjugation.
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There is smoke over the Han River, and the silver moonlight shines on the white sands of Zhou Xiao.
In the evening, I parked on the bank of Qinhuai River, near the restaurant.
The singer doesn't know what national subjugation is, but he is still singing "backyard flowers" across the river. [ 1]
[Edit this paragraph] Appreciation of works
Qinhuai, the Qinhuai River, originated in the northeast of Lishui, Jiangsu, and crossed Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) to join the Yangtze River. From the Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, the Qinhuai River in Jinling has always been a place for rich and powerful people to have fun. This poem is a masterpiece of the poet who touched the scene when he stayed at Qinhuai overnight. In the sigh of the land of the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties, there are feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
This poem is also skillful in the use of language. The words "smoke", "water", "moon" and "sand" in the first sentence are connected by the word "cage" to form a hazy and cold water night scene. At the end of this article, I began to think about the past with the rich connotation of "near the restaurant". Qinhuai area was a famous amusement place in the Six Dynasties, and there were many restaurants, so the endless prosperity of song and dance banquets in the past was actually included in the poet's thoughts at this time. The last two sentences are caused by a poem "Flowers in the backyard", which expresses the poet's indignation at the "businesswoman" and indirectly satirizes the powerful people who don't pay attention to state affairs and are obsessed with money, that is, the rulers who lead a drunken life. The word "still singing" skillfully combines history with reality, which not only hurts time, but also is euphemistic and profound. Shen Deqian, a critic in Qing Dynasty, praised this poem as a "swan song", and Guan Shiming even called it a masterpiece in Tang Dynasty. Qinhuai River is a bustling place of singing and dancing in Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. The poet stayed by the boat at night, and a merchant girl's "backyard flower" song came from the other side. Listening to the voice of national subjugation, I can't help but arouse the feeling of the rise and fall of the times. The last two sentences deeply condemn the rulers who only know how to attract songs and dances, buy laughter and pursue happiness, but don't take historical scenery as a mirror. This poem is a blend of scenery and scenes, and the hazy scenery contrasts with the faint sadness in the poet's heart.
[Edit this paragraph] Creation background
Du Muyou, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, visited Qinhuai and heard the singer sing "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu" in the classroom, which was beautiful and swaying. Men and women sing in pairs, and their songs are sad, which is the voice of national subjugation. At that time, Chen Houzhu indulged in this lazy life for a long time, took national politics as a child's play, and finally lost his land. Although the Chen Dynasty died, this decadent music was handed down and sung among Qinhuai singers, which made Du Mu very emotional. His poem said: These ignorant singers don't even understand the hatred of national subjugation, and they still sing this voice of national subjugation! Actually, this is an excuse. What he mocked was actually the politics of the late Tang Dynasty: ministers once again indulged in debauchery and soon followed in Chen Houzhu's footsteps. The corner of Qinhuai has such a profound sense of rise and fall, which shows that Jinling still has great influence when the national political center has moved to Chang 'an. [2]
Du Mu was very concerned about politics in his early days, and he was worried about the riddled Tang Dynasty. He saw that the ruling clique was decadent and fatuous, that the buffer region was in a state of chaos, and that there were frequent border troubles. He deeply felt that social crises were everywhere and the prospects of the Tang Dynasty were worrying. This thought of worrying about the times and hurting the world prompted him to write many poems with practical significance. Bo Qinhuai was also produced on the basis of this idea.
Based on the history of Chen's death in pursuit of debauchery, this poem satirizes that the rulers of the late Tang Dynasty lived in a state of drunkenness and never learned lessons, and shows the author's incomparable concern and deep concern for the fate of the country.
[Edit this paragraph] Author introduction
Du Mu (803- 852), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, Han nationality, Mu Zhi, a layman in Fan Chuan, a native of Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), was the grandson of Prime Minister Du You. Tang Wenzong Yamato entered the Jinshi in the second year and was awarded the title of proofreader of Hong Wen Museum. Later, I went to Jiangxi to observe the envoys, turned to Huainan to observe the envoys, and then entered the envoys. Edited by the History Museum, catering department, Bibi department and Si Xun were appointed as foreign ministers, while Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu were appointed as secretariat. Finally, the official came to Zhongshu Sheren. An outstanding poet in the late Tang Dynasty, especially famous for his seven-character quatrains. He is good at prose, and his "Epanggong Fu" is read by later generations. He paid close attention to military affairs, wrote many military papers and annotated the Art of War by Sun Tzu. The Collected Works of Fan Chuan handed down from ancient times has twenty volumes, including four volumes of poetry, edited by his nephew Pei. There is also a volume of "Fan Chuan Waiji" and "Fan Chuan Bieji" supplemented by Song people. Fan Chuan Villa, who lived in the south of Chang 'an in his later years, was later called "Mr. Fan Chuan" and "Du Fanchuan". The Complete Tang Poetry contains eight volumes of Du Mu's poems.
Du Mugong wrote poems, ci-poems, essays and ci-poems, among which his achievements in poetry creation were the highest, and he was unique in the late Tang Dynasty. He was a famous writer in the late Tang Dynasty. His prose is good at discussing, magnificent, daring to discuss the military, pointing out the shortcomings of the past, and has a strong reality, which inherits the fine tradition of China's ancient writers from Korea and Liupai. His poems are fresh in artistic conception and handsome in style, which is unique in the frivolous and gorgeous literary world in the late Tang Dynasty. Later people called him "Xiao Du" to replace Du Fu; It is also called "Little Du Li" because it is the same as Li Shangyin. .