1. The application of logical feeling
The logical relationship of a work mainly refers to the arrangement and conception of the article structure. To grasp the logical relationship of the article, we can start from the following four aspects:
(1) the hierarchical relationship between paragraphs, and see how the article is unfolded.
(2) The relationship between sentence groups, such as juxtaposition, progression and causal turning, mainly starts with function words.
(3) The use of notional words, especially the main verbs.
(4) The use of rhetorical methods.
2. Application of image perception
Images in works refer to tasks, events, landscapes, etc. These vivid images constantly stimulate our senses. When reading aloud, we need to mobilize these image objects to infect the audience and achieve the purpose of reading aloud.
3. The role of emotional feelings
When reading aloud, we should grasp the emotional clues of the works, determine the emotional tone when reading aloud, and also arouse the feelings of the audience. This unity of "three emotions" is the successful reading.
Language skills training
1. Stop the connection
Discontinuity refers to the temporary pause and continuation of sound in the stream of reading aloud, which can be said to be punctuation in the expression of audio language. On the one hand, pause is the need of content and emotional expression. Using pause in appropriate places will cause temporary pause and delay in reading, which will help listeners better understand and feel the ideological content of the work. On the other hand, it is also the physiological needs of readers.
Classification of (1) disconnection
Breaks can be divided into two categories: grammatical breaks and emphatic breaks:
① Grammatical disjunction
Grammatical fracture reflects the grammatical relationship between sentences and shows the fracture of grammatical structure. For example:
Dear Mom and Dad:/Welcome!
Dear Dad:/Mom, welcome!
Dear:/Mom and Dad welcome you!
It can be seen that the grammatical relationship and structure displayed vary with the position of the stop. Grammatical breaks can be divided into two types:
One is teasing and stopping.
Punctuation is an important part of written language, which is expressed by pause in spoken language. The length of pause time is usually determined by the type of punctuation. The pause time of common punctuation marks is roughly: period, question mark, exclamation point > semicolon, colon > comma > pause. For example:
The mountain is black as ink,//stands on the wall,//leans in the middle of the river,//seems to fall,//and the moonlight,//from the top of the mountain,//along the deep valley,//pours its cool brilliance,//sprinkled on the river. ////……
Although punctuation marks are important signs of pause, they should not be applied mechanically, but should be handled flexibly according to the needs of semantic expression and tone. (The number of oblique vertical lines indicates the length of disconnection time)
The second is that language groups stop connecting.
Interruption refers to pausing according to the relationship between words where there are no punctuation marks. The pause of a group of words is shorter than that of a sentence. Generally speaking, there can be pauses between subject and predicate, between verb and object, and between modifier and head. For example:
/The sea/Turn over/It's raining hard, and it's going to be/washed/white in the sun.
The setting sun/turned the water/red, and dyed the sky/into thousands of shadows.
(2) Emphasize disconnection.
Emphasis on suspension is to highlight something or express a special feeling. It is not limited by grammatical pause, but determines the position and time of pause according to the needs of expression and expression. It can express a special meaning, or it can express the special relationship between its front and back connecting parts. There are mainly the following categories:
One is to show the difference in the statement:
Ground I/v; The driver/stool also stood firm. He/right/me, gradually almost became a threat. ...
"Yi" and "Coachman" are slightly backward, and the relationship and movements of characters are more clear, such as in front of them.
The second is to express the echo relationship in the sentence.
In this cry, the dark clouds heard the power of anger, the flame of enthusiasm and the confidence of victory. (—indicates connection)
Here, "dark clouds admit" is a cry, and the last three phrases "the power of anger", "the flame of enthusiasm" and "the confidence of victory" are responses. There should be an obvious pause after "I heard", but the last three phrases should be compact. If you pause mechanically with punctuation marks, it will become: in this cry, the dark clouds hear the power of anger,/the flame of enthusiasm, and the confidence of victory.
In this way, reading aloud destroys the corresponding relationship within the sentence and causes semantic ambiguity.
The third is to express the coordinate relationship in the sentence.
Use it/set up a tent, use it/mark the shuttle, use it/hold water, steam rice in a bowl, use it/make a pole, blow a fire pipe.
There are four parallel short sentences in this sentence, which can be paused after "use it" to show the sense of juxtaposition. Especially the third short sentence: when using/bowl to hold water and steaming rice, the middle should be connected, and punctuation should not be used to stop, otherwise five short sentences will be formed and the meaning will be scattered.
Fourth, the transformation relationship in the expression sentence:
I said to him, "Nothing. Go your way! //
The coachman didn't pay attention-or didn't hear,
Instead, I put down the car, helped the old woman get up slowly, and stood by her arm. ...
In works, sentences are not always straightforward. With the development of content and plot, semantic changes and emotional contrast often occur between sentences. The pause between the two sentences will form a strong contrast between the indifference of "I" and the concern of "coachman"
(2) the method of disconnection
From the perspective of sentence interruption and continuation, there are mainly the following four ways:
First, pause: that is, the pause time is relatively long, the final sound of the sentence falls with the trend, and the sound stops. This kind of pause is often used after a relatively complete meaning is finished, and it is often used in the period, question mark and exclamation point in the sentence teasing pause.
Second, Yang stops: that is, the pause time is relatively short. Before stopping, the sound rises or flattens slightly. Although the sound stops, the gas is not exhausted. He only said half a sentence at will, and he knew it was, so there was the following. Often used in places where the meaning is not finished and there is a need to pause in the middle. Sentence funny pauses are often used in semicolons, commas and pause symbols.
The third is direct connection: that is, the connection is rapid and there is no trace of connection. Mostly used in places where the content is closely related and the feelings are continuously expressed. Generally used in conjunction with Yang Stop.
The fourth is curve connection: that is, there is a certain gap at the connection, but they are connected in series and go around. It is often used in places that need to be connected and distinguished, and is often used in conjunction with landing and parking.
Please look at the following example:
Plum rain pool is a waterfall pool. //There are three waterfalls in Xianyan,/plum rain pool is the lowest. //Go to the hillside,/and hear the sound of flowers blooming and falling; /raise your head,/set in two wet black edges,/a bright white hose appears in front of your eyes. //(//means stop,/means stop, curve connection and direct connection)
pressure
Stress refers to the sound that emphasizes some words in a sentence in order to highlight the theme, express ideas and express emotions when reading aloud. It is an important means to reflect the content of sentences. When reading aloud, the meaning will change with the stress position. For example:
I know you like reading novels. (Don't think I don't know)
I know you like reading novels. I don't know if I like reading poetry.
(1) stress classification:
Stress can be divided into grammatical stress and stress stress.
① Grammatical stress
Grammatical stress is the stress naturally expressed in sentence structure, and there are rules to follow. The position is also relatively fixed. For example, in a sentence, modifiers of predicate and head, interrogative pronouns and demonstrative pronouns are all grammatical stresses. For example:
Swallows skimmed the sea and floated on it. (predicate)
I have unspeakable excitement and happiness in my heart. (attributive)
This is a confession of party member. (demonstrative pronoun)
② Stress.
Stress is to emphasize the sounds of some words in a sentence in order to highlight some thoughts and feelings, which is also called "logical stress". Stress has no fixed position, it is determined according to the content and needs of ideographic expression.
The first is to highlight keywords and phrases that can display semantic content.
The second is the words that express the relationship of contrast, juxtaposition, reference and progression.
None of these teenagers can swim, but two or three are good at making waves.
The third is to express some strong feelings.
Farewell, my dear China, my dear China.
The fourth is figurative words.
Thunderous applause rang out from the meeting place.
(2) Expression method of stress
There are many ways to express stress, and the following three situations are common:
The first is to increase the volume. Consciously read some words heavier and louder to increase the volume.
At this time, he pushed me up hard, suddenly threw me aside and said loudly, "leave me quickly, we can't both lose!" " ..... to ... Remember the revolution! "
The second is to lengthen syllables. Not only deliberately lengthen syllables, but also emphasize stress by lengthening syllables.
The sun rises slowly, vertically and forcefully, just like a heavy burden for losers.
The third is to emphasize lightly. To express pressure, you don't have to increase the volume. Sometimes, you can use the method of reducing the volume, and the effect will be better if you spit the stress in a low voice. This method is generally used to express extremely complicated and delicate feelings.
When the wind blows, reedlike flocks fly leisurely.
I came over gently with a smile.
The fourth is pause and emphasis. Pause after the words to be emphasized.
Goodbye, dear people! My heart will always be with you.
3. Language situation
Language potential refers to the change form of sound rising and falling, which is realized by controlling the tightness of vocal cords. The intonation from flat to high is called "Yang". The intonation is flat first and then falls, low and heavy, which becomes "inhibition". The intonation lacks change and stretches gently, which is called "flat"; Tone ups and downs frequently, ups and downs, called "Qu".
Commissioner Mao and Zhu led the team down the mountain to pick grain, didn't they use such a pole? (raise your voice to express doubt)
Looking forward to, looking forward to, the east wind is coming, and the pace of spring is approaching. (Depressed tone, indicating affirmation)
There is a big garden behind my house, which is called Herb Garden according to legend. → (level, narrative, explanation)
This is really the so-called "I will understand if you don't tell me, and the more you say it, the more confused I am" → (full of twists and turns, teasing tone)
Step 4: rhythm
Rhythm refers to the repetitive form formed by the cadence and priority of the voice in the process of reading aloud. Common rhythm types are:
(1) light source type
The advantages of this rhythm are faster speech speed, more emphasis and less suppression, more light and less emphasis, light and labor-saving voice, high word density and sometimes a sense of jumping. It is often used to describe cheerful and humorous emotions. For example:
I like to see the clouds in the sky, the white and changeable clouds. Look, it will become a little yellow dog, wagging its tail and running after the sun; In a short time, he turned into a little gray sheep and danced happily on the grassland.
(2) stable type
This kind of rhythmic language is slow in rhythm, more restrained and less uplifting, more and less light, strong and focused, and sparse in word density, and is often used to express solemn atmosphere and grief and depression. For example:
The hearse team is United as one. Farewell to the Prime Minister is heartbreaking, and 800 million tears are flying in China. The red flag hung low, and Xinhua was in tears. Prime Minister, when will you come back tonight?
(3) Comfort type
This kind of rhythm is slow, steady, soft and unfocused. It is often used to describe quiet scenes and beautiful scenery, and also to express stretching feelings. For example:
The sea was silent. At our feet, the waves gently kissed the rocks. It seems that I am sleepy. On the calm and dark sea, the moonlight split into a long, narrow and bright Ting Yun, shining and trembling like silver scales.
(4) Strong disease types
This kind of rhythm speaks fast, praises more and suppresses less, and has a powerful voice. It is often used to express nervous and urgent situations and express radical feelings. For example:
On the vast sea, the wind gathered dark clouds. Between the dark clouds and the sea, Haiyan flies proudly like black lightning.
One moment its wings beat the waves, and the other moment it went straight into the dark clouds like an arrow. It is shouting, and in this brave cry, the dark clouds hear joy.
The above four rhythm types are only general classifications, and each one can be further subdivided into small categories without listing them one by one. In the actual reading process, the rhythm of a work is not necessarily single, and often the rhythm will change with the change of the content plot. Therefore, in the process of reading aloud, the rhythm must vary from text to text, and it is forbidden to be rigid and single.