Interpretation of Li Qingzhao
Li Qingzhao’s words always give me an inexplicable feeling of tranquility. Her words may be fresh and bright, with beautiful artistic conception, or may be heavy with worry and gloomy sentimentality, but It has always been passed down from generation to generation with its simple and natural language, ups and downs of music, and most emotional feelings, bringing people a beautiful infection, a supreme artistic atmosphere, and an unforgettable scream. Because she writes about her own personal and inner experiences, her words are particularly sincere, delicate, euphemistic and moving. Starting from women's psychology, she selects things that women can easily associate with when they are sad and sad, and organizes them with women's delicate brushwork, so she has a unique style. She is also a person who "uses ordinary language to incorporate music".
Qingzhao's life can be divided into two periods based on the first year of Jianyan, Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty. Her lyrics also changed with the changes in her life. Before crossing to the south, his works were mainly depictions of nature and expressions of true love, fresh and bright, with beautiful artistic conceptions. After crossing to the south, he was sad about his life experience and lost happiness, and faced the disaster of the nation. Therefore, when he was injured, he felt sad about the world, mourned the loss of his hometown, and was depressed and sentimental.
The song that I remember the most is the one - "Like a Dream" "Last night the rain was drizzling and the wind was blowing, and the heavy sleep could not eliminate the remaining wine. I tried to ask the person behind the curtain, but the crabapple was still the same. Do you know? Do you know? "It should be green, fat, red and thin." This poem is a representative work of Li Qingzhao's early boudoir poems, which reflects Qingzhao's leisurely and elegant life style. The poem begins with a white description, first describing her awakening in the spring morning, still remembering the sound of wind and rain she heard in her drunken dream last night, which aroused her concern for flowers. Then she used the question-and-answer method of a maid with a rolling curtain to write about the scene of begonia flowers withered leaves after the late spring rain. It expresses the poetess' love for spring and the flowers in a profound and tortuous way. It also reveals that youth is easy to pass away and beauty is easy to age. A touch of sadness. The sentence at the end, "It should be green, fat, red and thin" has a novel meaning and a strange and beautiful image. From another perspective, it also reflects the poet's delicate mind and sentimentality, as well as the carelessness of the maid.
If Qingzhao did not know what "sadness" meant in her early days, then since she separated from her husband, her life has lost its focus. No matter what she sees, it can trigger the sadness in her heart. Even unrelated things can arouse her attachment to her husband. The most representative one is the song that expresses the poet's loneliness and lovesickness through sadness and farewell in autumn - "Drunken Flower Yin" "Dense Mist" The clouds are always full of daylight, and the auspicious brain disappears. The Double Ninth Festival is here again, and the jade pillow is in the gauze kitchen. It is cool in the middle of the night. After dusk, there is a dark fragrance filling the sleeves. The west wind blows through the curtain, and the person is thinner than the yellow flower. "Mist" and "thick clouds" The coolness of autumn makes people feel uncomfortable, and they can't help but feel sad. "Ruinao Xiaojin Beast" not only depicts the long and boring time, but also highlights the desolation of the environment. But it happens to be the Double Ninth Festival, when the family is supposed to be reunited, but my husband is not around and I am alone, so naturally I feel sad. The chill in the middle of the night woke the author up, only to find that there was no one beside him on the pillow, and the chill in his heart could not help but deepen. The last sentence of "People are thinner than yellow flowers" vividly expresses the author's pain of lovesickness.
Qingzhao is such a talented woman who devotes all her emotions to her works. She does not hide her emotions, whether they are joy or sorrow, love or hate, longing or pain - she is who she is. , is an alternative to feudal women. She combines talents and emotions. It was this weak woman who relied on her talent to become one of the famous representatives of the Wanyue Ci School, making her works a well-known masterpiece.
Article (cold wind blowing)
After the wind blew, there was only a stinging feeling on the face and tears in the corners of the eyes.
At the request of a friend, today I will write an appreciation of "Slow Voice", one of Li Qingzhao's famous works. If anyone has a different opinion, please feel free to give me some advice.
Looking and searching, deserted and miserable. It is the most difficult time to catch your breath when it is suddenly warm and then cold. How can three cups and two glasses of light wine defeat him, who comes late and is in a hurry? The wild geese are passing by, and I am sad, but we are old acquaintances. The ground is full of yellow flowers that are piled up and haggard. Who is worthy of picking them now? Watching the window, how can you be alone in darkness? The phoenix trees also whisper, bit by bit at dusk. This time, how could there be such a thing as "sorrow"?
This poem was written after her husband died when she traveled south with the Song Dynasty family. Her early works also wrote about sorrow, but it was only the sorrow of life and separation, personal sorrow, while this poem is about the sorrow of farewell, the sorrow of eternity, the sorrow of personal encounters and the prosperity of the family and the country.
"The wild geese passing by" seems to be an "old acquaintance". In autumn, wild geese travel from north to south. Li Qingzhao is also a northerner and takes refuge south. Many of her poems write about wild geese. In her early years, she wrote "Who in the clouds sent brocade books? When the wild goose returned, the moon was full on the west tower" and "After the war was over, thousands of worries were difficult to forget", although they were also full of The sorrow of separation contains sweet memories and the hope of reunion. This song expresses a kind of despair and extreme sadness. Looking up, you can see geese flying across the sky; looking down, you can see the ground covered with broken flowers. Although the chrysanthemums had bloomed extremely luxuriantly and even piled up on the branches, they have now withered. In previous years, chrysanthemums were picked when they were in full bloom and put on their heads. Now, who would be interested in doing so?
The strong wind deceives people, light wine is useless, wild geese meet old acquaintances, chrysanthemums stir up new sorrows, everything you hear, see and feel is sad. ", until dusk, the autumn rain and the sycamore trees will only add to the sadness.
The "bits and pieces" of "whispering" are also a weak and desolate sound that can only be heard in this extremely silent dusk, "watching the window", and for a sad person, the raindrops Not only dripping into the ears, but also dripping into the heart. The whole evening is just like this bit by bit, when will it end? How long will it take until it gets dark? After dark, won't it still drip like this? Could this situation be covered by the word "sorrow"?
Infinite pain and melancholy, gushing out from the heart, are naturally deeply touching.
Teacher: Let’s go to class!
Student: Hello, teacher!
Teacher: Hello, classmates! Please take a seat!
Teacher: Students, many teachers from foreign schools came to listen to the class today and temporarily arranged a class. A classmate has already given a speech in the morning. Whose turn will it be tomorrow? Could you please mention an impromptu speech today?
Student 1 (Sun Hailin): (Standed up and prepared to go to the podium, but there were too many people attending the lecture and could not come out. The teacher said, "Just stand on your seat and give a speech!" After thinking for a moment, he ) I will give a speech based on the famous saying on my desk: "No one will dampen your mood, only you give up the possibility of perseverance"...
Teacher: Sun Hailin was able to have an idea in front of so many people. It’s not easy to give an impromptu speech, and the President of the United States is no better than that! I think it’s appropriate to sum up his speech with an advertising slogan, that is, “If you love to work hard, you will win; if you dare to sing, you will become famous”! (Laughs) But he seems a little nervous. To relieve this nervousness, let's listen to a song. (The teacher started to operate the sound system, but unfortunately the amplifier broke down at this moment, so the teacher said) Let me sing (pause): "The fragrance of red lotus root leaves the jade mat in autumn, and the undressed Luo Shang alone goes to the orchid." Boat..." (As the singing, the students applauded rhythmically, and even the teacher who was listening to the class gave warm applause after singing)
Teacher: Students, guess what we have today class (no information was disclosed before class - intentional!)
Student 2: Han Han! (We just studied Han Han some time ago)
Student 3: "Reading Aesop's Fables"! (Just finished "For Forgotten Memory")
Student 4: Li Qingzhao! (Probably singing a song by Li Qingzhao!)
Teacher: So smart. Listening to songs is not free. Let’s study Li Qingzhao’s lyrics today! (Show the courseware title "Carrying Poetry to the End - Appreciation of Li Qingzhao's Ci")
Teacher: Do you think this title is a good one?
All living beings: OK!
Teacher: What’s so good about it?
Sheng 5: It reminds people of "carrying love to the end"! (laughing)
Student 6: It is very relevant to the content of the class!
Student 7: Use the main title and subtitle!
Teacher: Yes, "I can't help but stop and praise myself" ("New Oriental" Xu Xiaoping's words) chose such a good title, which expresses that I want to introduce students to love poetry. , determination and intention to read poetry, then write poetry, and even become a poet! (laughing)
But do you believe me when I say there is something wrong with this question? (Students are shocked!) Because it is a bad sentence! (Big surprise!) "Proceed" is an intransitive verb. Although the word "jiang" is used to advance "poetry (or love)", it "reveals its original shape" as soon as it is reset. Can we say "carry on the desk"? ? The reason why we didn't discover it is because of its popularity. In fact, there are many mistakes in popular things. For example, "pain and happiness" is an unconventional saying. My purpose in saying this is to hope that everyone will develop the habit of "thinking about everything" (in Marx's words). But let’s borrow the mistakes today!
As the origin of Chinese literature, poetry should attract our attention. Mr. Lu Xun said that the labor chant "Hang Yu Hang Yu" in primitive society was the origin of poetry, which shows that poetry has a long history. Mr. Zhu Guangqian said, "A person who does not love poetry has low literary taste", "because all literary things must have a poetic temperament." In the past few years, the teaching of poetry has attracted more and more attention from the Chinese language community. Last year, the cover of an issue of "Chinese Language Learning" printed "Calling for the return of poetry". Poetry appreciation in the college entrance examination has become more and more important, and "Chinese Language Learning" has also been cancelled. Some people even think that the college entrance examination only requires one article, one poem, and one couplet.
Why should I use Li Qingzhao’s words as the content of this lesson? Because Ci is a form of poetry, everyone is more interested in Li Qingzhao's Ci, and Li Qingzhao's Ci is easy to understand, so let's use it as an introduction to do a little research.
Let me talk about some essentials for appreciating poetry: First, you must pay attention to reading aloud, and it is best to be able to recite it. As the saying goes, "If you read three hundred Tang poems by heart, you can recite them even if you don't know how to compose them."; Second, you must be able to recite them. Make full use of your own associations and imagination, because poetry is leaping. Otherwise, to understand Li Bai's "Quiet Night Thoughts" is a dementia patient in a daze in front of the bed (laughing)! The third is to dare to have different opinions. This is also the ability of "research, discussion and in-depth understanding" that we will exercise in this class. Okay, which classmate can introduce Li Qingzhao?
Student 8: She is a woman! (laughing)
Sheng 9: She is the representative of the graceful poets!
Teacher: Even the Wanyue School knows that it is not simple!
Student 10: Her husband is Zhao Mingcheng, a gold and stone collector.
Teacher: Hey, everyone knows who her husband is. It seems that Li Qingzhao is a big star! (laughing)
Student 11: Her life is very frustrating!
Teacher: What kind of frustration method?
Student 12: Not very clear.
Teacher: Okay, let’s take a look at her introduction. (Show slides) (Focus on the differences between the early and late stages of Li Qingzhao’s life)
Teacher: So how much do you know about Ci? How many "nicknames" does a word have?
Student 13: The word is composed of word cards, upper columns and lower columns, which are also called long and short sentences.
Teacher: Yes, but some words may not have upper and lower columns, such as Xiaoling. Ci also includes music lyrics, poems (this shows the low status of Ci at that time, Liu Yong once said angrily that he was "Liu Sanbian who wrote lyrics on orders"), Qinqu, etc. Let's take a look at the slideshow (Knowledge of Ci).
Teacher: Now let’s look at a poem by Li Qingzhao, "Like a Dream" (Last night it rained and the wind blew suddenly). Maybe students are more familiar with her other song "Like a Dream". Are there any classmates? Are you willing to recite that poem expressively to everyone?
Sheng 14 (Liu Jing): "Like a Dream" I often remember that the sun is setting in Xiting Pavilion, and I am so drunk that I don’t know my way back. Returning to the boat late after all the fun, I strayed into the depths of lotus flowers. Fighting for the crossing, fighting for the crossing, startling a pool of gulls and herons.
Teacher: What a great read! It shows the romantic, comfortable and interesting life of Li Qingzhao when he was a boy! Are you willing to continue reading this song "Like a Dream"?
Student 15 (Liu Jing): Yes! (pause) "Like a Dream" It rained and the wind blew violently last night, and I couldn't get rid of the remaining wine after a deep sleep. When I asked the person behind the curtain, I found that Begonia was still the same. Do you know? Do you know? It should be green, red and thin.
Teacher: Which classmate will comment on her reading?
Student 16: I think you can read it more slowly. "Do you know? Do you know?" It should be read in a questioning tone. "Ying" should be pronounced "yīng", not "yìng".
Student 17: I think it should be read more sadly!
Teacher: What’s the reason?
Student 17: Because the ancients usually used wine to relieve their sorrows, and there is a word "thin" in it. There is a poem by Li Qingzhao, which contains the sentence "people are thinner than yellow flowers".
Teacher: That is "Drunk Flower Yin" by Li Qingzhao. The original words are as follows (teacher memorizes them): "The mist is thick and the clouds are sad for the eternal day, and the auspicious brain disappears the golden beast. The festival is the Double Ninth Festival, and the jade pillow The gauze cupboard is cool in the middle of the night. After dusk, there is a faint fragrance filling the sleeves. The west wind blows behind the curtain, and the person is thinner than the yellow flower. "So you think this song "Like a Dream" is her late work. Hello?
Student 17: Yes!
Teacher: Do you have any different opinions?
Student 18 (Wan Haiyan): I think it is her early work!
Teacher: Why?
Sheng 18 (Wan Haiyan): Because drinking is not necessarily a way to relieve sorrow, people can also drink to celebrate when they have happy events! Li Qingzhao often drank alcohol in his early years. This can be seen from the sentence "I am so drunk that I don't know the way back" in another song of hers, "Like a Dream". Besides, this poem also expresses Li Qingzhao's leisurely mood. Look, there are still people who are not in a hurry. This can also be appreciated by rolling up the curtains for her and her care for the flowers and plants.
Teacher: So who do you think the curtain roller is?
Student 18 (Wan Haiyan): I think it should be her husband Zhao Mingcheng!
Teacher: Look, "It's great to be a woman", and my husband comes to roll up the curtains! (Laughs) So do you think the “green” in “green, fat, red and thin” is grass?
Student 18 (Wan Haiyan): I think so!
Teacher: It seems uncertain to add the word "bar"? Have a different opinion?
Student 19: I think the one who rolled up the curtain should be her servant, otherwise she wouldn’t ask this question. The “green” should be a leaf, so that it can match the flower.
Teacher: I agree with you, so imagine what kind of mood Li Qingzhao felt when he asked the maid? Why did she ask that? And with what kind of mentality did the maid answer her master?
Student 20: I think Li Qingzhao’s question showed her concern for the flowers after last night’s rain, and her worry about whether the flowers would still be the same after the wind and rain, but the maid’s answer seemed casual, which disappointed Li Qingzhao. , so she corrected her maid and said, "Do you know? Do you know? It should be green, fat, red and thin."
Teacher: How well said. You are Li Qingzhao's close friend, and you are also a poetic person. So what do you think the theme of this poem is?
Student 21: I think the love for spring flowers is also the love for spring!
Teacher: I basically agree with you, thank you! Can you recite this poem next? (Students all responded: "Okay"!) How many minutes do you think it will take? (Two minutes!) Okay, I’ll give you two minutes, let’s get started!
(Two minutes later) Which student will recite it!
Student 22: Let me do it! (Recite it fluently)
Teacher: OK! Everyone must be able to recite this poem easily. Let’s look at another poem by Li Qingzhao called “Slow Voice”! In order to thank the students for their active participation, I personally came to read it to everyone, and asked everyone to listen, understand, and evaluate. The requirements are the same as the previous song, "If you have any doubts, ask" and "If you have feelings, express them." (The teacher began to read aloud expressively: "The Slow Voice" is searching and searching, deserted and miserable.
......How can you be dark when you are alone by the window? The phoenix trees are covered with drizzle, and it rains bit by bit at dusk. This time, how come the word "sorrow" is so important! )
Teacher: Please feel free to comment on the effect of what I just read!
Student 23: I think it was a good read. I understood Li Qingzhao’s miserable mood at that time, but it seemed to be an exaggeration of this emotion, especially the last two sentences: "... guarding the window, alone How can it be so dark? The phoenix trees are covered with drizzle, and at dusk, it’s drizzle. This time, there’s no such thing as sadness!”
Teacher: I think this view is somewhat representative. When I was practicing these sentences at home last night, my son immediately said "ugh" (making a gagging gesture) (laughing). However, I thought that in order to express Li Qingzhao's emotions at that time, I had to use this tone. When the amplifier is repaired someday, I will play the famous recitations to everyone, and then I will find out what kind of reading can achieve the best effect of expressing the expression.
Teacher: So when do you think this poem was written by Li Qingzhao?
Born 24 (Xiao Peng): It must be in the late stage!
Teacher: Why?
Sheng 24 (Xiao Peng): You see, people are all turning into yellow flowers, of course it is in the late stage! (laughing)
Teacher: If you are discerning, this poem is indeed a late work by Li Qingzhao. Let’s talk about our questions and opinions about this poem.
Student 25: Teacher, the sentence "How can I resist the wind coming at dawn" in the sentence above should be "The wind is coming late at night", because what I saw in the extracurricular reading "Ancient Poetry" in Jiangsu Province is "Late", besides, how can anyone drink in the morning?
Teacher: This is a good question. What do other students think? (Looking around the classmate, I see that I basically agree with the classmate’s point of view) Then let me talk about my own opinion. There are indeed two opinions on this point in the academic community, but I basically agree with using the "Xiao" point of view, because this is more effective. It shows Li Qingzhao's mood of tossing and turning all night, unable to sleep. In addition, in fact, the ancients also had a habit of drinking at Mao hour in the morning, which was called "Fu Tou Mao wine". So what other places in the whole word reveal the author's feelings?
Student 26: The use of 14 repeated words at the beginning is the most obvious. These 14 repeated words describe Li Qingzhao's lonely, desolate and helpless state of mind at that time. "Desolate" is her situation, "miserable" is her feeling, and "qiqi" is her sadness.
Teacher: The analysis is very good! What do you think she is "looking for"?
Student 27: It should be the happy and beautiful days of the past!
Born 28: "Happy time" with his husband!
Sheng 29 (Yang Xiang): Looking for a treasure! (laughing)
Teacher: Oh, this is a new insight...
Student 29 (Yang Xiang): You have misunderstood. I once saw it in a book, In the later period, Li Qingzhao kept looking for a treasure that Zhao Mingcheng had sold to the Persians during his lifetime, and wanted to donate them to the Southern Song Dynasty to pay for the war against gold, but in the end he failed.
Teacher: Okay, reading more extracurricular books means you are rich in knowledge. Can we leave this question to be tested after class? I think the main purpose of this poem is to find something to express my emptiness and loneliness. Anyone else want to share their experience?
Student 18 (Wan Haiyan): I think the last sentence is the best, "The sycamore trees are drizzling even more, and at dusk, bit by bit. This time, how can the word "sorrow" be so good? It will be included in the entire text. The sadness has reached a climax. As long as you read the last sentence and imagine the situation at that time, you will naturally know how sad Li Qingzhao's state of mind is!
Teacher: Being able to understand through reading is a very effective way to appreciate poetry. Are there any other places worth studying and studying?
Student 18 (Wan Haiyan): I think this poem does a good job of blending situations. The harsh winter has just passed, and early spring has just arrived, with wild geese flying from the north to the south and yellow flowers piling up. It seems that everything is arousing the sadness of Li Qingzhao's "Things are different and people are different, everything is over. If you want to speak, tears will flow first." ("Wulingchun") , so I had to borrow wine to drown my sorrow, but "borrowing wine to drown my sorrow will make me even sadder". Coupled with the raindrops on the sycamore trees, it made people cry, as if they were dripping on Li Qingzhao's injured heart!
Teacher: That’s great. You are just a little poet. Do you usually like to write some poems?
Student 18 (Wan Haiyan): Yes, I think reading and writing poetry is a kind of enjoyment. It can express my emotions to my heart's content. I just sometimes feel that my skills are not enough!
Teacher: Thank you! You have set an example for us, and I believe you will achieve some success in poetry through your own efforts in the future!
Student 18 (Wan Haiyan): Thank you, teacher!
Teacher: Okay, due to time constraints, let’s use Wan Haiyan’s words just now as a summary. Next, I would like to ask the students to make an artistic comparison between the two poems, so as to get closer to Li Qingzhao. Which student comes first?
Student 30: I think these two poems represent the emotional journey of Li Qingzhao’s works in different periods, which is very useful for us to understand Li Qingzhao’s life experience.
Student 31: I think these two poems embody the characteristics of Li Qingzhao's poems of "clear language, simplicity and naturalness".
Student 32: I don’t really like the “graceful” style of writing represented by Li Qingzhao, but I prefer the “bold” style of writing represented by Su Shi. Because those words can inspire our positive enthusiasm!
Teacher: This just reflects the characteristics of "benevolent people have different opinions and wise people have different opinions" when appreciating literary works. Let us take this lesson as a beautiful beginning! A good start is half the battle! If you are interested, you may wish to go to our school's Chinese language website after class to participate in the discussion. I will post the relevant information online and hope that everyone will think about and study the following issues. (The teacher provides after-class discussion questions: ○1. Find out the different styles of Li Qingzhao’s words from different periods for comparative study, and deepen the understanding of Li Qingzhao’s style. ○2. Choose one of Li Qingzhao’s words and write an appreciation text. ○3 . Compare Su Shi or Xin Qiji’s poetry with Li Qingzhao’s poetry to appreciate the difference between the bold and graceful poetry styles; or read analogously between Liu Yong’s poetry and Li Qingzhao’s poetry to understand the characteristics of the graceful style of poetry. This is the end of get out of class. The bell rang, but the students seemed to be having fun!)
Finally, let’s relax. Which student is willing to read the following poem?
Student 33: Let me do it - "There are stone peaks among the branches and clouds, and the veins of water soak into the mountain shore. The pond is clear and the swans gather together, and the trees fly and their leaves scatter in autumn."
Teacher: Where Can a classmate please read this poem upside down?
Student 34: I do - "Scattered leaves fly over the autumn trees, and swans gather to play in the clear pond. The mountains on the banks are soaked in water veins, and the branches among the peaks and rocks are covered with clouds." (Students have a sense of freshness)
Teacher: This is called a "palindrome poem". It shows that poetry is infinitely interesting and worth studying! Okay, stop here, get out of class is over!
(Note: This is a demonstration class for teachers from foreign schools. It is in line with the learning focus of "research, discussion, and in-depth understanding" in the second unit of the second volume of high school Chinese, and also coincides with the new concept of "research-based learning". Course concept, while preparing for the "Appreciation of Literary Works" in the second year of high school.
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