Teaching is a unique talent cultivation activity composed of teachers’ teaching and students’ learning. Below are the teaching cases of Du Fu's poem "Wandering at Night" that I have collected for your reference. I hope it can help friends in need.
1. First reading, understand what is written in this poem.
1. Understand the background of the question
First, I ask the students to pay attention to the question. The title of a poem is like a window to the full text. Through the title, you can know the content of the poet's writing. The title is the entry point. The titles of ancient poems can often reveal the time, place, object, event, theme, etc. of the poem's writing. For example, the title of Yang Jiong's "Military March" explains the background of the event. Du Fu's "Spring Night Joyful Rain" not only explains the time and season, but also expresses the meaning of the event. It understands things and emotions, so that we can already understand the emotional theme of the poem - joy before reading the poem.
Secondly, I guided the students to read the "Notes". Whether it is the notes in the book or the short one or two sentences in the test paper, they are hints to you. Sometimes you introduce the writing background, which hints at the ideological content of your poem; sometimes you introduce related verses, which hints at the usage or artistic conception of your poem. Sometimes you introduce the author, which hints at the writing style of your poem. Therefore, we must carefully study the annotations!
By carefully studying its title and annotations, we can understand that the poem "Lv Ye Shu Huai" was written in April of the first year of Zong Yongtai (765) in the Tang Dynasty. Yan Wu, the governor of Jiannan Jiedu, died of illness, and Du Fu lost his support in Chengdu. In May, the family left the Huanshaxi Cottage and took a boat eastward. On the way to Yuzhou and Zhongzhou, I wrote this poem while I was moored at night in a solitary boat. This year, Du Fu turned 53 years old. He had been suffering from lung disease and wind paralysis, which broke out from time to time. In addition, leaving Sichuan this time and traveling to Xiaoxiang was actually a last resort. Therefore, I felt very heavy along the way and wondered when my wandering life would end. Before reading the poem, we already felt the deep sentimentality.
2. Preliminarily feel what kind of thoughts and feelings the author expresses in this poem
First, read it repeatedly in different ways. In the rhythmic and emotional reading, the charm, artistic conception and emotion of the poem are deeply appreciated. While reading, students are also asked to imagine. Imagination is the bridge that triggers emotions. In imagination, we can restore the image and picture that poetry depicts for us, and we can appreciate the author's poetic sentiment through perception. Then I asked the students to summarize the main idea of ??the poem in prose language, and through the interpretation of the words and sentences, they could initially feel the author's thoughts and feelings expressed in the poem. Because poetry is the art of language, of course you must understand the language before you can appreciate art.
The students enthusiastically gave their own explanations in prose language: Under the moon, the fine grass on the river bank was blowing slightly, and a lone boat with a tall mast was moored in the night. In the confusion. The stars hang low, the plains are vast; the moon rises with the waves, and the river flows eastward. When it comes to reputation, why is it because my articles are good? Being an official should be retired because of old age and illness. What does the floating body look like? It's just like a river gull in the vast world. Through this process, students initially feel the author's loneliness, desolation, and sentimentality.
2. Read carefully and analyze how the author writes, mainly appreciating the expression skills.
1. Look for images and appreciate the artistic conception.
Image refers to the objective object in the poem that casts the author's subjective feelings (or it refers to the objective object with profound meaning through the author's thinking). Imagery plays a vital role in the formation of artistic conception. Readers entering the artistic conception of poetry always start by feeling the image. The poet's selection and description of images are the expression of the author's subjective feelings. Therefore, when appreciating poetry, grasping the image and repeatedly pondering and appreciating the image is the key to understanding the author's thoughts and feelings and smoothly entering the artistic conception of the poem. So I asked the students, what do you think the images in this poem are? Through careful search and thinking, the students found the following two groups of images: thin grass, breeze, shore, dangerous raft, boat, stars, plains, moon, River flows. Then I asked: "So what kind of picture (artistic conception) do these two sets of images constitute, and what are their characteristics?" After discussion, the students quickly came to the following conclusions: Group 1: Lonely and Weak The thin grass is swaying in the boundless wind, the isolated and abrupt dangerous rafters and the lonely boat are fighting against the long night. (Bleak and cold) The starry sky hangs low, making the wilderness even more vast and boundless. Under the clear moonlit sky, the river flows turbulently. (Vigorous and broad)
2. Analyze writing techniques and appreciate expression skills.
Poetry values ??image thinking and pays attention to implicitness. When a poet describes something, his purpose is often not to say what the thing is like, but to express his own thoughts and feelings; when describing a scene, he expresses his feelings through the scene, and when he chants about an object, he expresses his ambition through the object. Whether these images or emotions, they all depend on the expression of poetic language. If we can use this poetic technique to grasp these key verses, then we can clear away the fog and grasp the whole poem through phenomena. What techniques does this poem use? What emotions does the poet express? I completed the answer to this poem step by step through the following questions.
(1) What are the characteristics of the angle of the first four sentences of the poem?
Health: The first and second sentences are close shots, and the third and fourth sentences are distant views.
(2) The third and fourth lines of the poem describe the scenery. The stars hang low, the plains are vast, the moon rises with the waves, and the river flows eastward. These two lines describe the scenery as majestic and vast, and have always been praised by people. Please analyze what feelings the poet embodies in these two scenery-describing sentences? What techniques are used?
Student: This poem describes the miserable situation of the poet wandering in his later years. In fact, the poet writes about the vast plains, the mighty rivers and the brilliant stars and moon, precisely to reflect his lonely image and the desolate mood of being helpless. This is a technique of using happy scenes to describe sadness.
(3) How to understand the five or six lines of the poem?
Student: I am somewhat famous, but why is it because of my good articles? Being an official should be due to old age and illness. And retire. This is irony.
The poet has always had lofty political ambitions, but they have been suppressed for a long time and cannot be used. Therefore, his reputation is based on his articles. This is really not his wish. Du Fu was indeed old and sick at this time, but his retirement was not mainly due to old age and illness, but to being marginalized. This shows the injustice in the poet's heart, and at the same time reveals that political frustration is the fundamental reason for his wandering and loneliness.
(4) What rhetoric is used in the last couplet of the poem? What is its function?
Health: Metaphor. What does the floating body look like? It's just like a sand gull in the vast sky and earth. The poet expresses his sadness in the scene. The water and sky are vast, and the sand gulls are floating; people are like sand gulls, migrating to rivers and lakes. Comparing the vast world with a lonely sand gull, it seems even more lonely and desolate.
(5) From the perspective of the whole poem, what are the lyrical characteristics of this poem?
Health: The first half of the poem describes the scene of "traveling at night", embodying emotions in the scenery; the poem The second half of the book is "book love", expressing one's feelings directly. The whole poem has fine rhythm and deep strokes, and the scenes blend together seamlessly, expressing the poet's depressing mood of loneliness and desolation in his wandering life.
At this point, students have completed the appreciation of this ancient poem. Through this process, students have mastered the poetry appreciation process of language - image - artistic conception - expression skills. This thinking process is very important for students, and students can use it to complete the appreciation of any poem.
3. Reflection on teaching:
Poetry lies in enlightenment, that is, giving play to students’ subjective initiative. In fact, it is what is called giving play to students’ subjective role, through various channels of reading, imagining, and Feel, experience, and integrate yourself into the poetic realm. The so-called way of being a teacher focuses on teaching people how to "fish" rather than teaching people how to fish. The cultivation of learning ability is the most important, which is also determined by the necessity of lifelong learning. Therefore, in teaching this class, I focus on teaching students a method and a thinking process. If students have this kind of poetry appreciation thinking, then they will draw inferences and draw inferences, and will no longer be afraid of poetry appreciation, but like poetry appreciation. There are countless good Chinese and foreign poems. The poems in the textbooks are only examples and cannot reflect the whole picture of Chinese and foreign poems. Therefore, teachers should not only be good at extending the teaching and guiding students to draw inferences, but also guide students to read more famous Chinese and foreign poems. , improve poetry appreciation.
During the teaching process, students are still a little reserved and restrained, especially when reciting, they can’t let go, and the teacher’s teaching passion is not enough. This requires giving students more space to think in daily classroom teaching in the future. , let students boldly participate, actively use their brains, truly hand over the classroom to students, and work harder to improve their teaching appeal, so that students can fall in love with literature and Chinese classes under the influence of literature and art.
Expansion:
Thoughts after reading Du Fu’s poems for sixth grade students
Du Fu, a poet who has written thousands of poems; a man who cares about the country and the people, "begins the world" Wai Lang, a member of the engineering department, is a poetry star admired by future generations.
Poems are like rainbows, sentences are like brocade, and words are like beads. The majestic vastness and profound artistic conception of "the stars hang down on the plains and the vast fields, and the moon surges over the rivers"; the heroic and majestic sentiments of "we will be at the top of the mountain, and we can see all the small mountains" are far-reaching and high; "the boundless falling trees rustle under the trees, and the endless Yangtze River rolls in" His writing is powerful and majestic...
The rebels in his hometown rebelled, and he had to live in a foreign land with his wife and children. "The country is broken, the mountains and rivers are there, and the city is springy with deep vegetation." No matter how charming the spring scenery is, facing the fragmented territory, everything is desolate and dilapidated; "There are no relatives and friends, and the old and sick are alone in the boat." The majestic and beautiful scenes of nature are mixed with worries about the country. The broad-mindedness of the people complement each other; "I shed tears when I am grateful for the time, and startle the birds when I hate others." They are lonely, melancholy, rejected and belittled, but everything is powerless!
He doesn’t care about the plight of his own thatched hut after it was destroyed by the autumn wind; he doesn’t care about the leakage in the house on rainy nights and sleepless nights; he doesn’t care about “the group of children in the south village bully me because I am old and weak, and I can’t bear to be called a thief”! The first thing in his heart is always the people who are in dire straits all over the world!
"To be able to live in tens of millions of mansions, to shelter all the poor people in the world and make them happy" is his lofty ideal, his broad mind, and his great sentiments.
After reading it, I felt confused and closed my book in deep thought. "The war continues for three months." When is the return date? Nostalgia, "It's a separation that keeps cutting and making things messy. It's a feeling in my heart."
"Despite this, he still said this: "It's enough for my house to be broken down alone and freeze to death!" "This is Du Fu's soul as clear as a mirror, this is the true soul of poetry!"
"You must indulge in drinking when singing in the day, and you can return home with your youth." That is, from Ba Gorge through Wu Gorge, I want to go to Xiangyang and then go to Luoyang. "The hairpin is shorter when the white head is scratched, and the hairpin is full of lust"... The poet's rich voice is traveling through time and space, being sung clearly from generation to generation, and along with it, the spirit of the Chinese nation.
Expansion:
Poems about Du Fu
Chapter 1: "Spring Night Happy Rain"
Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)
A good rain knows the season , when spring comes.
Sneak into the night, moistening things silently.
The wild paths are all dark, and the river boats are only bright.
In the red and wet place, the flowers are heavy in Jinguancheng.
Chapter 2: "The Year of Li Gui in the South of the Yangtze River"
Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)
Commonly seen in Prince Qi's house. Cui Jiutang heard about it several times before.
It is the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and it is the time when the flowers are falling.
Chapter 3: "Eight Formations"
Du Fu ( Tang Dynasty)
Contributed to three parts of the country, and was famous in the Eight Formations.
The stone in the river will not turn, and the regret will be lost.
Chapter 4: "Gift." "Hua Qing"
Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)
Jincheng silk tubes are flowing in the sky, half into the river wind and half into the clouds
This song should only exist in the sky, not in the world. I can hear it several times.
Chapter 5: "Spring Hope"
Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)
The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring vegetation.
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I am moved to tears, and my heart is filled with regrets.
The war continues for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand dollars.
The hairpin is so long that I can't bear it. .
Chapter 6: "I heard that the army was taking over Henan and Hebei"
Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)
Suddenly it was announced outside the sword that Jibei was being taken over, and my clothes were filled with tears when I first heard about it. .
But what is the worry about my wife?
I want to sing and drink in the daytime, so I can return home. It passes through the Wu Gorge at Ba Gorge and then goes down to Xiangyang towards Luoyang.