Can I watch the melody enlightenment /f? kz= 1475 19588
Clouds turn to rain, snow turns to wind, and nights turn to clear skies. Come to Hongtun, stay with birds and birds. Three-foot sword, six-bow, north of Lingjiang River. The Summer Palace on the ground and the Guanghan Palace in the sky. The two sides of the strait are green with smoke, and the garden is full of spring rain and apricot flowers. The wind and frost on the temple, the guests who left early on the journey; A misty rain, a person was late by the stream.
Along the way, we are different from each other, the old man to Huang Tong. River wind is to sea fog, shepherd is to fisherman. Xiang Yan is poor, Ruan Tu is poor, and northern Hebei faces Liaodong. The pool is full of water and the wind is blowing outside the door. Emperor Liang gave lectures in Tongtai Hall, and Emperor Han bought wine in Weiyang Palace. Be ashamed to look at bronze.
(A) the type of duality
The classification of words is the basis of duality [37]. The parts of speech divided by ancient poets in the application of duality are similar to those divided grammatically today, but the poets at that time did not give them some French terms [38]. According to the antithesis of metrical poems, words can be roughly divided into the following nine categories:
1, noun 2, adjective 3, numeral (numeral) 4, color word 5, position word 6, verb 7, adverb 8, function word 9, pronoun [39]
Similar words are antonyms. We should pay special attention to four points: (1) Numbers belong to our own category, and words such as "solitary" and "semi" can also be regarded as numbers. (2) Color is a category of its own. (c) Orientation belongs to its own category, mainly including words such as "East", "West", "South" and "North". These three kinds of words are rarely compared with other words. Intransitive verbs are often opposed to adjectives.
Lian Mian characters can only be relative to Lian Mian characters. Lian Mian Chinese characters are further divided into nouns Lian Mian Chinese characters (mandarin duck, parrot, etc. Generally speaking, consecutive words with different parts of speech cannot be relative.
Proper names can only be relative to proper names, preferably name-to-name and place-to-place names.
Nouns can also be subdivided into the following subcategories:
1, astronomy 2, season 3, geography 4, palace 5, clothing 6, utensils 7, plants 8, animals 9, interpersonal relationship 10, personnel1,body [40]
(2) Dual routine-China's two sessions.
For the convenience of explanation, the ancients called the former 122 sentence, the third 42 sentence, the fifth 66 sentence and the seventh 82 sentence.
The antithesis is generally used in parallel prose and neck couplets, namely the third and fourth sentences and the fifth and sixth sentences. Now try to give a few typical examples:
Memories of Li Bai/Du Fu in Spring
Li Bai's poems are unparalleled, and his superb creativity is far beyond ordinary people.
Li Bai's poems are the fresh wind of Yu Xin's poems and the backbone of Jun Zai's works.
Now, I am alone on the spring tree in Weibei, and you are on each side of the sun, sunset and sky in the southeast, and you can only miss.
When is a toast, heavy and refined paper [4 1]?
("Kaifu" to "joining the army" is the official name to the official name; Wei is to Jiang [Yangtze River], and the name of water is to the name of water. )
Hunting/Wang Wei
In the wind, the horn sounded and the general was hunting outside the borehole.
The grass is yellow in autumn, and the eagle eye is sharper; When the ice and snow melt, the horseshoe is extraordinarily brisk.
It has passed Xinfeng City in a blink of an eye and soon returned to sunny Liu Ying.
Looking back at the carving place, the evening clouds are flat [42]
"Xinfeng" to "Liu Xi" is a place name to a place name. )
Hakka/Du Fu
In my north and south, spring is flooding, but look at seagulls flying day by day.
My road is covered with petals-I haven't cleaned it for others, and my thatched cottage door has been closed-but it's open for you now.
It's a long way to the market. I can't give you much. Zun restaurant is poor and old.
Shall we call my old neighbor to join us, call him through the fence and empty the jar? .
Parrot/Bai Juyi
The parrot in Longxi arrived in Jiangdong and became more and more popular after the year.
Every time I feed, I am always afraid to cut my wings first and open the cage temporarily.
Although people are sympathetic and eloquent, birds have different meanings when they recall flying high.
Should be like a singing and dancing prostitute in Zhumen, hiding in the back room [44].
(3) the first couplet antithesis
The antithesis of the first couplet. The use of antithesis in the first couplet did not reduce the antithesis in the second couplet. In fact, all the poems with antithesis in the first couplet are always antithetical.
The first couplet of five laws uses antithesis more, and the first couplet of seven laws uses antithesis less. The main reason is that the first sentence of the five laws does not rhyme much, and the first sentence of the seven laws does not rhyme much. However, this reason is not absolute; In the case that the first sentence rhymes, antithesis can still be used in the first couplet, and there are already some antithesis examples in the poems quoted above [45]. Now give two more examples:
Farewell to Friends on a Spring Night/Chen Ziang
A silver candle spits smoke, but a golden statue gives a banquet easily.
Farewell hall in the hall to recall the friendship of friends, bypass the mountain behind the water, a long journey.
The feast lasted until the moon disappeared in the high trees and the Milky Way disappeared at dawn.
To Luoyang, when will this meeting be held [46]?
(The first couplet rhymes with the first sentence. )
Farewell/Du Fu
The length of a line is 4 thousand Li, and Hu rode for five or six years.
The vegetation weakened and went beyond the sword, and the soldiers blocked the old river.
I miss my home, but I miss my brother. I watch the clouds and sleep during the day.
I heard that the river and Yang were close to victory, and Stuart quickly broke the Youyan [47].
(The first couplet, the first sentence doesn't rhyme. )
(4) head-to-tail confrontation
There is generally no need to type at the end of couplets. At the end of the couplet, a poem is coming to an end; The antithesis is not suitable for concluding remarks. However, there are some exceptions. For example:
The imperial army recovered the banks of the Yellow River/Du Fu
The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.
Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily [48]!
On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine.
Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
The last two sentences of this poem are a running pair in one go (see below for details about running pairs). It is still not equal to the general duality [49].
⑤ The antithesis is less than two couplets.
Of course, the principle of orthodox poetry is two couplets against each other, but under special circumstances, the antithesis can be less than two couplets. In this way, there is only one opposite.
This kind of single-antithetical sentence is often used in necklaces [50] For example:
Song of the fortress (No.1)/Li Bai
The mountains in May are still full of snow, only cold, and the grass can't see the grass.
Spring can only be imagined in the flute "Folding Willow", but it has never been seen in reality.
The soldiers fought the enemy in the golden drum during the day and slept in the saddle at night.
I would like to cut Loulan with a sword on my waist [5 1].
On climbing Yanshan Mountain with friends/[Tang] Meng Haoran
When things change, time is often the time to form ancient and modern times.
Now we can climb the mountain to visit the historical sites preserved all over the country.
Weir water shows the river surface, and Yunmengze is cold and mysterious.
The monument to Yang Hucheng is still towering, and tears are wet after reading the epitaph.
(6) the opposite of long law
The antithesis of long law is the same as that of regular poetry, except that the tail couplet is not used, and the first couplet can be used or not, and all other couplets are used. For example:
Shousui Yang Shi/[Tang] Zhang Xun
When spring comes, this isolated city becomes more and more dangerous.
Halo around the moon, a little bit as beautiful as fish.
Tired of Huang Chen repeatedly, I am white.
Wrapped in a wound, but also out of the array, drinking blood is even more embarrassing.
Trust should be difficult, but trust should not be moved.
Heaven and man report to the son of heaven and calculate what to do [52]!
Learn from Jinshi, fill the sea with stones/[Tang] Han Yu
Bird compensators are sincere all the year round.
The mouth is thin and the stone is thin, and the heart looks at the sea.
Work is ugly, but life is light.
Everyone makes mistakes, but I only advocate professionalism.
Do you plan to take a day off, but do your best in this life [53].
Why humiliate the biographies of assassins? No need to report!
(7) Pay attention to antithesis
There are many stresses on the antithesis of metrical poems. Here are some more important ones.
(1) words of the same kind are relative, which is called a pair. Because nouns are divided into several subcategories, the words in the same subcategory are relatively correct. Although some nouns have different subcategories, they are often juxtaposed in language, such as heaven and earth, poetry and wine, flowers and birds, etc. They are also regarded as working pairs. The antonym is also right. For example, Li Bai's "Xia Sai Qu", "Sean Xiao follows the golden drum and the jade saddle at night" is a pair of works.
Self-rightness in one sentence and two opposite sentences is considered right. Just like Du Fu's poem "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring", the mountains and rivers are geography, and the vegetation is a plant, so geography is also neat for plants.
In a couplet, as long as the numbers are arranged neatly, it is a pair of workers' bodies. For example, Chairman Mao's "Farewell to the God of Sorrow" (Part II): "Red rain turns waves at will, and Castle Peak turns bridges intentionally. Even the Wuling silver hoe fell, and the three rivers shook. " Red is in harmony with green, meaning is in harmony with heart, ploughing is in harmony with culture, sky is in harmony with earthquake, Wuling is in harmony with Sanjiang, silver is in harmony with iron, and falling is in harmony with shaking. And "rain" to "mountain", "wave" to "bridge", "hoe" to "arm", nouns to nouns are still relatively neat.
Beyond this limit, it is not neat, but slim. Generally speaking, the antithesis of Song poetry is more exquisite than that of Tang poetry; However, the artistic level of Song poetry is relatively low.
Synonyms are relative, like working but clumsy. "Wen Xin Diao Long" said: "For the upper, for the lower [54]." Synonyms are more natural than normal. For example, Du Fu's Hakka words: "My road is full of petals-I swept it for others, and my thatched door was closed-but now it is open for you", "Yuan" and "Wei" are synonyms.
Because it is a function word (preposition), not a content word, it is not a defect. Besides, in a poem, it doesn't matter to use a pair of synonyms occasionally, but it is not appropriate to use them more often. Sentence and antithesis are completely synonymous (or basically synonymous), which is called "fighting" and is also a taboo for poets.
(2) The generous form is subordinate to the content, and the poet should not damage the ideological content in pursuit of his works. The same poet, used correctly in this poem, in another poem, depends entirely on the specific situation.
There is an adjacent pair between the wide pair and the working pair, that is, the adjacent things are relative. For example, astronomy is in season, geography is in the house, color is in the opposite position, synonyms are in Lian Mian, and so on. Wang Wei sent an envoy to the Great Wall: "To collect Peng from the Great Wall of Han Dynasty and return geese to the lake field", and to take "heaven" as "the Great Wall" is astronomical and geographical; Chen Ziang's "Farewell to Friends in Spring Night" said: "When you are out of the hall, you should think about the piano, and don't take the road around mountains and rivers." Taking "Tao" as the opposite of "Tang" is the geographical opposite of the palace. There are many such cases.
A little wider, that is, noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective and so on. This is the most common situation.
A little wider, that's half wrong. The antithesis of the first couplet could have been used but useless. Naturally, the first couplet is half wrong and half wrong. Chen Ziang's "Huns still exist, Jiang Wei joins the army" and Li Bai's "Sail to Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will come south with people" are such cases. If the first sentence rhymes, there will be more cases of half right and half wrong. The antithesis of parallel couplets is not as strict as that of neck couplets, so it is common to be half wrong. This is the case with Du Fu's "For our boys and girls, poor little babes, too young to know where the capital is". Now cite Chairman Mao's poems as proof:
To Mr. Liu Yazi/Mao Zedong
I can't forget that when I was drinking tea in Guangdong, I was talking about Ye Huang Zheng in Yuzhou.
Thirty-one years after returning home, I read Huazhang when the flowers fell [55].
Complaining too much can prevent heartbroken, and you should pay attention to it after a long history.
The water in Kunming, Mo Island is shallow, and watching fish is better than Fuchun River.
(3) Borrowing a word has two meanings. The poet uses the first meaning in his poems, but at the same time borrows its second meaning to oppose another word. This is called borrowing. For example, Du Fu's "My Uncle Drowned by Luggage, Mao asked the old man" in "My humble abode in Wuxia". The "Li" of "luggage" is not the "Li" of Tao Lizhi, but the poet uses the meaning of "Li" of Tao Lizhi to oppose the word "Mao". Another example is Du Fu's Qujiang, "Wine debts are common, and life is seventy years old." In ancient times, eight feet were found and two feet were found, so the number "seventy" was borrowed.
Sometimes, not through meaning, but through sound. Loanwords often appear in pairs of colors, such as blue for basket, yellow for emperor, pale for pale, Zhu for Zhu, and blue for green. Du Fu's "Hate Farewell" said: "I miss my home, stand up in the clear night, miss my brother, watch the clouds and sleep in the daytime", use "Qing" to "Bai", use "Go to Qingcheng County, stay in Chengdu to see off the second little Yin and Tao Wang", "East Guo Cangjiang meets, the snow is high in the western hills" and use "Cang" to "Bai", that's all.
(4) Running water is generally two parallel sentences, each with its own independence. But there is also a duality that one sentence is divided into two sentences. In fact, ten words or fourteen words are just a whole, and it is meaningless to make sentences independently, at least it is incomplete. This is called running water. Yes
Now choose some examples from the poems quoted above:
Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! . (Du Fu)
Although people are sympathetic and eloquent, birds have different meanings when they recall flying high. (Bai Juyi)
Stuck on the Great Wall and make an empty promise, the sideburns in the mirror have long faded. (land travel)
In a word, the antithesis of regular poems is not as strict as Pingze, and poets have more freedom in using antithesis. Poets with high artistic accomplishment can often successfully use neat antithesis to better express their ideological content rather than destroy it. If necessary, you can get rid of the shackles of confrontation and fully express your artistic conception. It is vulgar to pursue the subtlety of duality without principle.