To express one's will by supporting things is to pin one's "will" on a specific "thing". So, this Zhao Xinjian's "Qing Tang River Rhyme"
The "thing" in Zhao Xinjian's "Lotus Rhyme in Qing Tang" has a certain symbolic meaning, and becomes the maintainer of the author's interest, will or ideal. With the help of this specific "thing", the author's personal "ambition" is more ingenious, more perfect, fuller and more infectious. Such as "pine, bamboo and plum", are often used to express noble aspirations; "Earth" is often used to express humble feelings; Candles are often used to celebrate the spirit of selfless dedication.
Expression content
Expressing one's will by supporting things is one of the ways to indirectly express the subjective theme. Through the description or depiction of objective things, the author's ambition and will are indirectly expressed. To express one's will by supporting things, the key is to have some similarity between will and things, so that things can express their ideas, and will is the core of things. Use metaphors and symbols to express one's wishes.
literary craft
Entrusting meaning with things belongs to the overall technique of composition, that is, writing people with things, and giving the author some feelings by giving the image some personalized characteristics. Expressing ambition by things (in a broad sense, it should include symbols, in a narrow sense, it means that the author expresses his ambition (expression) by describing and portraying things (things). For example, Li Chen's Waterfall couplet: "How can a stream stay? After all, the sea will make waves. " The author uses waterfalls to rush into the sea instead of lusting after streams to express his lofty aspirations of "abandoning the small ambition of sparrows and raising the height of swans". Expressing one's will by supporting things is a way to express one's feelings through distinctive natural scenery. For example, Ji Xianlin's "Lotus Rhyme in a Clear Pool" expresses the praise for the tenacity of life by describing the hard life course of lotus. Through the description of natural scenery, the author expresses his feelings and events, reflects his complex life feelings, and leaves readers with rich imagination space. The so-called "a flower is a kingdom, and a sand is the world".
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pomegranate
Guo Moruo passed May, and the sun increased its strength, and the trees opened their umbrellas. When you don't want to compete for beauty, some trees are in bloom at this time. Pomegranate tree is the cutest of these trees. Pomegranate has plum branches and willow leaves, which are strange but not barren, fresh but not gentle and lovely. This style has both advantages and disadvantages of plum tree. The most lovely thing is its flowers, which are dark red flowers that cannot be avoided by direct sunlight. The single petal is far away, and the double petal is more gorgeous. Isn't that the heart of summer? Just that little eggplant-shaped bone flower is a miracle. You see, it gradually turns red, and it gradually turns into four petals from the top. Even the sharpest scissors can't cut such symmetrical things, but who cut so many vases with red agate and arranged flowers skillfully? Although a single flower is not as luxurious as a double flower, it has a wonderful performance. The vase of red agate has changed from a Greek-style ampu thorn to a Chinese-style gold cup, which is a bronze ware with rich ancient flavor in Yin and Zhou Dynasties. There are all kinds of rust colors named by Bo Gu's family. Do you really think it's a golden cup of wine? It will laugh at you. When autumn comes, it seems that it can't help laughing at its tricks and showing its white teeth. Have you ever seen such transparent and white teeth anywhere else? I like summer. Summer is an upward stage of the whole universe, at which people's body and mind are freed from heavy bondage. So I prefer this summer's heart. A friend came back from Kunming and said that the pomegranate in Kunming is particularly big, the seeds are particularly full, sweet and sour, and sour tastes more beautiful. I can't help but vomit.
Praise of poplar
Poplar is really unusual, I praise poplar! When the car is driving on the endless plateau, a large yellow-green carpet jumps into your field of vision; Yellow, that is soil, virgin land, the shell of the loess plateau successfully accumulated by great natural forces millions of years ago; Green is the result of human labor defeating nature. It was a wheat field, and when the wind blew, a green wave turned up. At this time, you will really admire the word "Mailang" created by the ancients. If it is not a wonderful hand, it is indeed the essence of tempering language. Yellow and green dominate, boundless and magnanimous. At this time, if the peaks of distant mountains remind you (judging by the naked eye, these peaks are at your feet), you will forget that the car is driving on the plateau. At this time, your feelings may be adjectives such as "magnificent" or "great", but at the same time, your eyes may feel a little tired. Yeah, it's a little monotonous, isn't it? However, in an instant, if you suddenly look up and see a row in front of you,-no, even just three or five plants, one or two plants, standing proudly like a sentry, how would you feel sleepy? I let out a cry of surprise at that time! That's poplar, a common tree in northwest China, but it's really not an ordinary tree! It is a tree that strives for the upper reaches, with straight stems and branches. Its stem is usually very tall, like an artificial one, with no side branches within ten feet; All its branches are upward, and they are close together, like man-made, forming a bundle, and there is no possibility of escaping sideways; Its broad leaves are also upward one by one, and there are almost no oblique leaves, let alone upside down; Its skin is smooth and silvery, with a slight blue color. This is a tree that stands tenaciously despite the oppression of heavy snow in the north! Even if it is only as thick as the bowl mouth, it will strive to develop upwards, reaching a height of 20 feet, towering and unyielding, facing the northwest wind. This is the poplar, a common tree in the northwest, but it is by no means an ordinary tree! It has no swaying posture and no crooked branches. Maybe you should say it's not beautiful. If beauty means "swaying" or "leaning out", then poplar is not a good woman on the tree. But it is stalwart, honest, simple and earnest, and it is not lacking in tenderness, not to mention tenacity and honest and frank. It's a man in a tree! When you walk on the plateau where the snow is melting, you see such a tree or a row of poplars standing proudly on the flat land. Do you think a tree is just a tree? Don't you think it is simple, serious, strong and unyielding, at least it symbolizes the farmers in the north; Don't you think there are strong and unyielding sentries standing proudly guarding their hometown like this poplar tree in the vast land behind enemy lines? If you don't think further, this kind of poplar with close branches and leaves is now a symbol of the spirit and will to write the history of new China with blood in the North China Plain. Poplar is not an ordinary tree. It is common and neglected in the northwest, just like farmers in the north; It has a strong vitality, and it can't be broken or oppressed, just like farmers in the north. I praise the poplar because it not only symbolizes the farmers in the north, but also symbolizes the indispensable simplicity, strength and enterprising spirit in our national liberation struggle today. Let those who look down on the people, look down on the people and stubbornly retrogress praise the noble nanmu (which is also straightforward) and despise this extremely ordinary and easy-to-grow poplar, but I will praise the poplar loudly!
Ailian said.
(Song) Zhou Dunyi's Flowers of Land and Water Plants is very cute. Tao Jin Yuanming loves chrysanthemums alone; Since Li Tang came, people all over the world love peony. Love lotus alone, dirt-free, clear but not demon. Straight outside, not crawling, fragrant and clear. It is slim and elegant, so you can look at it from a distance without looking ridiculous. Want to call chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. Hey! The love of chrysanthemum flowers is rarely heard after Tao; Lotus love, who is the giver; Peony love is suitable for many people.
Limestone hymn
[Ming] Yu Qian hewed out the mountains with a thousand hammers, and if the fire burns idle. Not afraid of broken bones, leaving innocence in the world. Stones are mined from the deep mountains after being hammered, and burned with blazing fire, even if they are smashed into pieces, it is common, because it is necessary to remain innocent in the world. Simple meaning: limestone is mined after hammering in the deep mountains, and it is common to burn it with raging fires. I'm not afraid of being crushed to pieces. I want to leave my innocence in the world. [Brief Analysis] This is a poem with objects to express its ambition. The author uses lime as a metaphor to express his unyielding quality and his thoughts and feelings of finally fighting evil forces. It was hammered into the mountains thousands of times, and the fire was as usual. Even if it's smashed to pieces, why be afraid? Just to keep a piece of blue and white in the world (as clear as the color of a stone, now often used as "innocence"). As an object-chanting poem, it is of no value if it is only a mechanical record of things without the deep meaning of the author. The value of this poem lies in the metaphor that lime is everywhere, and reciting lime is to praise a person's open mind and lofty personality. The first sentence, "It's not easy to dig limestone". The second sentence is "If the fire burns, it will be idle." "Burning", of course, refers to burning limestone. Adding the word "if you are idle" makes people feel that you are not only burning limestone, but also seems to symbolize that people with lofty ideals will take their time and regard it as idle no matter how severe the test is. The third sentence is "I'm not afraid of broken bones." "Broken Bone" vividly writes that limestone is burned into lime powder. The word "not afraid at all" reminds us that there may be a spirit of not being afraid of sacrifice. As for the last sentence, "I want to leave my youth on earth", it is the author's sincere feelings and determination to be a pure and innocent person. The blue and white in this sentence are compared with the color of the stone, indicating "innocence" now.
Zaomei
Year: Tang Author: Liu Zongyuan Style: five categories: still life, early plum, towering trees, reflecting Chu Tianbi. At night, the north wind blows and smells fragrant, adding a touch of white to the thick frost in the morning. I want to fold it and send it thousands of miles away, but there is no way to answer the question. Cold English is on pins and needles, why comfort distant guests? Early Plum Age: Tang Author: Zhang Wei School: Seven-tree, a cold plum, white jade belt, near Lincun Bridge. I don't know if I started spraying water recently, but I suspect it didn't sell after the winter snow. The commentary poem explains that there is a plum blossom that blooms early and its branches are as white as jade. It is far from the village road where people come and go, and close to the bridge. People don't know that Hanmei blooms early because it is close to the stream, and they think it is snow that hasn't melted since winter. The interpretation of words is far away. Next to: Shit. F: It's open. Winter: Winter. Pin: This refers to the melting of ice and snow. Appreciation of the whole poem is to write a word "early". Just after the cold winter, the flowers are still blooming. Before the ice and snow melted, only a cluster of cold plums brought vitality and hope to the world. As a result, countless literati walked through the snow, looking for this early plum alone beside Ling Cold. At the edge of the stream bridge far from the road, the poet finally saw the early plum blossoms as jade as snow. The image of Zaomei is vividly portrayed, full of charm and in harmony with the poet's spirit. Since ancient times, there have been many excellent poems with plum blossom as the theme. Some people have the charm of Yongmei, while others praise the charm of plum blossoms. This poem by Yongmei focuses on the word "early". The first sentence not only describes the whiteness of cold plum, but also takes care of the word "cold". Cold ling wrote Chu Mei alone. The second sentence writes that this plum tree is far away from the village roads where people come and go, and close to the stream bridge. A word "Jiong" and a word "beside" describe the unique environment of "one tree is cold and plum". This sentence is a link between the preceding and the following, and it is a necessary transition for the development of the whole poem. The word "Xiqiao" leads to the next sentence. The third sentence says that the reason why Hanmei tree blooms early is because it is close to water; In response to the first sentence, the fourth sentence is that the poet suspects that the cold plum is the snow that has not disappeared since winter. A sentence of "I don't know" and a sentence of "suspected yes" make the poet's vision seem like snow. Finally, I looked intently and found it was a cold plum tree that grew near the water. The poet's doubts have been eliminated, and the "early" of Zaomei has also been pointed out. Mei and Xue often form an indissoluble bond in the poet's works. For example, Xu Hun's poem "Early Plum" says: "A tree is plain with snow", which describes plum blossoms as snow, while Zhang Wei's poem suspects plum blossoms as snow with different intentions. For cold plum blossom hair, all kinds of jade are like snow, and many poets have had similar illusions of doubt. In the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi wrote a poem: "It is not snow that is far away, but because of the fragrance", which is also suspected to be the head of snow. Only when the faint fragrance strikes, do you know that it is plum, not snow, which is similar to the artistic conception of this article. Zhang Wei's poems, however, began with the plum blossom as jade without snow and near the water, and wrote the form and spirit of the early plum blossom, as well as the cognitive process of the poet's exploration and record. Through the surface, I wrote the spiritual harmony between the poet and Han Mei. Readers can appreciate the leisurely charm and infinite meaning of poetry by alternating turns and taking care of the beginning and end. Early Mei Age: Tang Author: School: Five Laws Category: Still life condenses everything to break, solitary roots warm and lonely. In the old Zita Law tree, a branch opened last night. The wind is too fragrant to disappear, and the bird can see the plain face. I will be alone next year, and I will start to reflect on Chuntai. Annotation poems show that thousands of trees are not cold-resistant, and their branches will be destroyed. The lonely roots of plum trees absorbed the underground heat and restored their vitality. In Qiancun Zita Law, a plum blossom, cold ling, bloomed alone last night. Its fragrance drifted away with the wind, and a bird looked at this plain early plum in surprise. I want to send a message to Meihua. If they bloom on time next year, please come to Wang Chuntai first. The word "Wang Chuntai" means Beijing, and it is also expected to be spring. Qi is the child of a poor rural family. He studied hard when he was herding cattle. A few years later, he could write poems, was discovered by the elders in the temple, and was taken into the temple to become a monk. One winter, after a heavy snow, Qi went out in the morning and was attracted by the snow in front of him. Suddenly, several wintersweet blossoms in front of him attracted birds to sing around them. Qi was stunned by the scenery in front of him. After returning to the temple, he immediately wrote the poem "Early Plum". This is a poem about objects. The language of the whole poem is light, moist and insipid, and there is no flashy atmosphere. It depicts the arrogant and cold character and elegant charm of plum blossom with meaningful brushstrokes, and creates a lofty realm with profound implications.
Mei-Wah Wong
Year: Tang Author: Ning He Style: Ci has no news, but traces of wax and snow. The fragrance of cold branches across the ridge is self-dismantled, and the beauty of cold is commendable. Why Shouyang is nowhere to be found, and whose flute is playing?
Yimei
Year: Tang Author: Li Shangyin Genre: Five Wonders Set the horizon, reluctant to part. Samuume is the most offensive thing, because the old one is regarded as the flower that opened last year. Note: This is Li Shangyin's later works in Zizhou. Written in the spring when flowers are in full bloom, the cold plum has already bloomed, so the title is "Recalling Plum". At first, the poet's mind was not on plum blossoms, but on staying in a foreign land. Zizhou (now under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Santai) is more than 1,800 miles away from Chang 'an, and is called "Tianya" because of its vast territory in the Tang Dynasty. It is more psychological than geographical. Li Shangyin came to Zizhou at the request of Liu Zhongying when his career was frustrated and his wife died. Living alone in a foreign land and going to shogunate, I feel lonely and depressed. I didn't expect to live for a few years, and my mood was even more depressing. "Stay at the end of the world" is the voice of this painful soul. Fixed, still "dead" and "firm", the poet felt as if he had been nailed to this foreign land forever. Here, there is intense pain, indescribable boredom and helpless sadness. Qu Fu said: "The slang' Tintin' is elegant in poetry." This "elegance" seems to be understood as artistic expression. The poet, suffering from homesickness and lingering sadness, couldn't help looking for spiritual comfort, so he turned out the second sentence: "I can't bear material desires." Wuhua refers to the beautiful spring scenery in front of us. Yiyi described the feeling of being intimate and touching in front of beautiful spring scenery. The poet seems to have been comforted temporarily in front of the blooming spring scenery, and a tender feeling of infinite attachment to beautiful things rises from the deep heart. In a word or two, feelings seem to be diametrically opposed. In fact, the feeling of "longing for things" is born of "settling in the end of the world", but two diametrically opposite feelings are interlinked. "Han Mei is the most hateful. She grew into a flower last year." In three or four sentences, the poetic realm has a greater turning point. Faced with colorful "things", the poet can't help but think of plum blossoms. Spring blooms first, but when the flowers are in full bloom, the flowers wither early and the fragrance is exhausted. When a poet regrets, he can't help but resent. Recalling plum blossoms from To the Object is a layer of twists and turns; Remember Mei, hate Mei, another layer of twists and turns. "Hate" is the development and deepening of "memory", just as deeply expected disappointment will turn into resentment. But this is just the psychology of ordinary people. For Li Shangyin, it is more internal reasons. The characteristics of "cold plum" blooming in spring and dying in the hope of spring will naturally remind poets of themselves: young people are wise early, topics are written early, and themes are published early; However, it was followed by a series of misfortunes and blows. After entering Sichuan, I was already "willing to be a Buddhist, willing to ring the bell to sweep the floor, and willing to be a passer-by for Liang Qingshan" (Preface to Fan Nanyi's Collection), and I was quite depressed. Isn't it the poet's own portrayal that this early show withers first, and he can't enjoy the "cold plum blossom" with a hundred flowers blooming in spring? In the poem Plum Blossom in Mid-November, the poet once expressed the same sigh: "Who is Zaoxiu? Don't wait for miss Fang. " From time to time, it is early, and the early plum that "does not stay as the fragrance of the year" and the cold plum that "grows as the flower of last year" are all symbols of the poet's unfortunate life experience. It is precisely because of seeing or thinking about it that the sadness of life experience will be touched, and poets will naturally complain that "cold plum is the most hateful." When the poem is written here, it is gloomy and closed, revealing an indescribable sadness. The five-character quatrains are natural, and the meaning runs through. Avoid deliberate carving and twists and turns. This poem "Yi Mei" is full of twists and turns (Ji Yun's comment), but it doesn't give people the feeling of being sloppy and broken. The key point is that the twists and turns can't be separated from the poet's ups and downs and stranded life experience. In this way, the latent qi can turn inward, see in twists and turns, and see in diversity the unity, reaching the realm of God without trace.
Zaomei
Year: Tang Author: Meng Haoran Style: Five ancient gardens have early plum blossoms, and one year is cold. Young women struggle to get up and fold up and will be inserted into the mirror table. I've seen enough, and I want scissors hands more. Chrysanthemum Age: Tang Author: Chao Huang Style: Four Unique Categories: Still life stays until September 8, when I bloom, the flowers will kill me. Blooming chrysanthemums are in full bloom, Chang 'an is fragrant, the city is bathed in the fragrance of chrysanthemums-Italy, and the land is like golden chrysanthemums. The annotation is also titled: The title of the poem is "Resignation is not waiting", and the whole poem in the Tang Dynasty is called "Resignation is not waiting", probably based on the record of this poem quoted by Lang Ying in the seven revisions of the Ming Dynasty. However, Leisure Records only said that this poem was written after the fall of Huang Chao, and it was titled Chrysanthemum. The Double Ninth Festival has a long-standing custom of enjoying chrysanthemums, and this day has virtually become the Chrysanthemum Festival. This chrysanthemum poem, in fact, is not a general ode to chrysanthemums, but a celebration of the Chrysanthemum Festival. Therefore, the beginning is "Stay in Qiu Lai on September 8th", which means to wait until the Chrysanthemum Festival. Say "September 8th" instead of "September 9th" to "kill" and "one" Ye Yun. This poem is in rhyme, and the author wants to create a decisive, intense and sharp voice and emotional momentum. The word "until" seems to be blurted out, but it carries a lot of weight. Because the day when the author wants to "wait" is a day of great change, and this "wait" is full of warm expectations and ardent yearning. However, this day is by no means illusory and elusive, but it will surely come like going to Qiu Lai in spring and move the time series. So the tone is relaxed, jumping and full of confidence. What about until that day? According to the imagination of ordinary people, it is nothing more than chrysanthemums in full bloom and fragrant. However, the author followed the grotesque saying-"I will kill a hundred flowers when I open them." When the chrysanthemum blooms, all the flowers have withered, which is a natural law and a natural phenomenon that people are used to. Here, the "blooming" of chrysanthemums and the "killing" (withering) of flowers are juxtaposed to form a sharp contrast to show the inevitable connection between them. The author affectionately calls chrysanthemum "my flower", which is obviously a symbol of the oppressed people. Then, the opposite "letting a hundred flowers blossom" naturally refers to the reactionary and decadent feudal ruling group. This sentence is unambiguous and vividly shows the resolute and firm spirit of the peasant revolutionary leader. Three or four sentences, titled "I Bloom", vividly describe the magnificent scene of chrysanthemum blooming: "The fragrance in the sky penetrates Chang 'an, and golden flowers are everywhere. "The whole changan is shining golden chrysanthemum. They send out waves of rich fragrance, soaring into the sky and soaking the whole city. This is the world of chrysanthemums, the kingdom of chrysanthemums and the grand festival of chrysanthemums. The strangeness of imagination, the novelty of metaphor, the grandeur of rhetoric and the magnificence of artistic conception are unprecedented. The chrysanthemums written by feudal literati are regarded as the embodiment of upright and upright people at most, praising their Ao Shuang character; But here, it is endowed with the fighting style and character of the peasant rebel soldiers, and the yellow petals are conceived as the armor of the soldiers, making it the latest and most beautiful flower of the peasant revolutionary soldiers from the gentleman's flower. Because of this, the chrysanthemum in the author's works has changed the static beauty of quiet and elegant in the past, showing a kind of dynamic beauty that is rough and bold and full of fighting atmosphere. It is neither an "isolated symbol" nor just a bunch of "chrysanthemums", but the flowers in the city are in full bloom, occupying the whole of Qiu Guang and emitting a strong fighting fragrance, so it is described as "fragrant array". The words "Chong" and "Tou" respectively describe the prosperity and depth of its momentum, and vividly show the prospect of victory for the peasant uprising army to seize Chang 'an and dominate the world. Huang Chao's two chrysanthemum poems are refreshing in artistic conception, imagery, language and techniques. Artistic imagination and association are restricted by the author's world outlook and life practice. Without Huang Chao's revolutionary ambition and fighting character, there would be no such strange talk as "Let a hundred flowers blossom and I will kill them", and there would be no such fantastic idea as "The city is full of golden flowers". Connecting chrysanthemum with armored soldiers gives it a fighting beauty, which can only come from the life practice of fighting. " Since ancient times, heroes have tried their best to understand poetry, which may be understood from this fundamental point.