Appreciation Methods of Ancient Poems Ancient poems, especially those of China, are the treasures of China culture and the essence of highly concentrated Chinese language. Because ancient poetry has been far away from contemporary life for a long time, the language jumps greatly and the image is vague, but now students read less ancient poetry and have weak appreciation ability, so it has always been a difficult problem for students to learn. To appreciate ancient poems, we should pay attention to the usual accumulation, start with topics and key sentences, grasp images and give consideration to expression skills, and strive to appreciate them as a whole. Specifically, it should be carried out from the following aspects: First, we should pay attention to accumulating and mastering the information provided at ordinary times. In our daily study and life, we come into contact with many poems, which are the basis of our appreciation. For example, Li Bai's "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" says: "It's going straight down to thousands of feet, and it's suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days". The poet used exaggerated techniques to view the waterfall, showing the dynamic beauty of the waterfall from a dynamic perspective, giving people the feeling that the waterfall fell from nine days; Liu Yuxi's Looking at Dongting from afar: "Looking at Dongting from afar, there are green snails in the silver plate". The poet looked at Junshan and described the beauty of Dongting Lake. We can't see the whole picture of Junshan in our daily life, but the poet compares Junshan to a "green snail" in a "silver plate". This kind of imagination is beyond the reach of modern people without other tools. And the "note" of poetry is also a good hint to appreciate poetry. When you appreciate it, you must pay attention to any place with "attention". Since the author intends to attach "note" to the poem, it must have some purpose, or some words are too difficult to explain with "note"; Either introduce the background of the author's writing. These two points are very helpful to appreciate poetry. Explain words and phrases to clear the way for us to understand the content; The background introduction enables us to experience the author's emotions personally. In a word, the "annotation" of poetry plays a role in reminding us to appreciate poetry and lays a foundation for further appreciation of poetry. This is another key to understanding and grasping poetry. Secondly, starting with the title, we can understand the emotional title or soul of the poem, or the clues of the poem, which implies the theme and emotion of the poem and embodies the poet's originality. Poetry either points out or implies emotions, such as "hate" in Du Fu's Farewell, "resentment" in Shen Ruyun's in my heart forever and "resentment" in Liu Zheng, all of which directly point out the poet's emotions. Or directly describe the object, or reveal the things or background written, such as Chen Ziang's "Farewell in Spring Night" and Li Bai's "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou on the Yellow Crane Tower". As can be seen from the word "send" in the title, this is a farewell poem. Farewell poems are often what the poet saw, thought and felt when he bid farewell, expressing the author's reluctant feelings, or expressing his farewell feelings when he bid farewell to his friends. Another example is Li Bai's Yue revisiting the ancient times, and Su Shi's Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia. From the title, we can see that these ancient poems either express nostalgia for the ancients or lament the prosperity and decline of the past. Another example: complaining about Liu Jinjiang's return to Yuguan at the age of 18, and the horse policy and knife ring in the DPRK. In the late spring when it snows heavily, the Great Wall, a journey across the Yellow River and around Montenegro. (1) Why is this a frontier poem? Explain in detail in poetry. (2) The title of the poem is Complaining about Others. Although there is no "resentment" throughout, every sentence has "resentment". Please give a brief evaluation. The proposition of this topic is to prove the topic with the content of poetry. Question 1: Why is this a frontier poem? It actually examines our understanding of the topic of "recruiting people". If students understand "recruiting people", look for scenery that describes "frontier fortress" and describe the details of recruiting people's life, this problem will be easily solved. Obviously, the words "Jinhe", "Guan Yu", "Zhong Qing", "Yellow River" and "Heishan" in the poem are the names of some frontier fortress, and they are also typical frontier fortress scenery. The poem describes the life of soldiers who guard the border with "Ma Ce" and "Knife Ring" every year. The second question is actually to examine our understanding of "resentment" in the topic. There is not a word related to "resentment" in the whole poem, and there is no obvious expression of "resentment" But the title clearly tells us that it says "complaining about others", so we should start from the title, look for traces of "resentment" between the lines, and experience the emotion of "resentment". The first two sentences of this poem are about life. The sentences of "year old" and "DPRK" have the meaning of complaining about the long time of guarding the border, frequent conscription and hard war. The last two sentences describe the scenery, which is the scene of recruiting people to bury their bones on the battlefield, and the eternal scenery of the frontier fortress. The infinite majestic nature sets off the limited life and the tragic experience of the soldiers. The last two sentences of Snow White and Green Grave, Yellow River and Montenegro not only give people a sad feeling visually, but also look gloomy and sad in the realm. Knowing this, we can feel that this poem is actually full of resentment, and it is deep resentment and sorrow. Without the guidance of "recruiting people" and the hint of "resentment" in the title, it may be difficult for us to understand this poem. Thirdly, from the appreciation of poetic images, I realize that the poetry is composed of images and then reflected by artistic conception. Image is the foundation of poetry, artistic conception is the picture of poetry, and poetry is the connotation of poetry. To appreciate a poem, we must first analyze the artistic conception from the image, and then experience the poetry from the artistic conception. "Image-artistic conception-poetry" is a reasonable process of appreciating ancient poetry from part to whole. Images in poetry are landscapes and objects written by poets, but these images are no longer simple landscapes and objects, but are integrated into the poet's emotions, so that these images are endowed with certain characteristics. These unique images are actually the externalization of the author's emotions. For example, in Wang Changling's Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Inn, in these two poems, "It's cold and rainy at night, seeing the guests off in plain sight, and staying alone in Chushan", the images written by the author are "rain" and "Chushan", which are characterized by "cold" and "loneliness" respectively, which is the embodiment of the author's lonely mood. Another example is Liu Zongyuan's "Jiang Xue", "A boat with a leaf and a bamboo coat, an old man fishing in the cold snow". "Ship" and "Jiang Xue" in these two poems also have the characteristics of "loneliness" and "coldness", from which the author's lonely mood can be easily understood. Another example is "the cock crows in Maodian, the frost on the bridge is deserted", "the west wind is thin and the sun sets". In the sentences such as "Sailing alone in the sky, only the Yangtze River flows in the sky", the concrete images form a concrete picture, all of which are full of the poet's concrete affection. Sometimes the author's emotional tone can also be seen from the color of the landscape. Warm colors are naturally positive, cheerful and high-spirited emotional tone, while cold colors are bitter, lonely and cold tone. For example, warm colors such as "pink" and "willow green" in Wang Wei's Pastoral Music imply the author's happy mood. Grasping the main images and features in poetry, it is not difficult to understand the author's emotions. 4. Starting from the poetic eye, grasping the key words in the poem is the exposure of the poet's feelings, and the poetic eye and key sentences are just the windows to reveal poetry, which can reflect the poet's writing intention, ideological content and expression skills. Special keywords refer to verbs or adjectives that reflect the poet's mood, such as pity, sadness, sorrow, pain, anger, resentment, sigh, laughter, joy, joy and so on. These words directly express the author's feelings and give us a clear signal. For example, the words "sinking back and thinking about my hometown" and "thinking" in Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night directly express the author's yearning for his hometown. For example, Xin Qiji's "Nostalgia at Jingkou Gu Beiting" "Who asked, can Lian Po still eat when he is old?" -shows the author's ambition to contribute to the country. "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to a powerful person solemnly" in Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" makes me feel happy-it expresses my thoughts and feelings of yearning for the free world and resisting the powerful. Fan Zhongyan's "The Fisherman's Pride" "People are not sleepy, and the generals have white hair and tears." The general's hair turned white because of the protracted and arduous war, and the soldiers were injured and shed tears because of their long-term protection of the poor. White-haired generals, taking the country as their home, were lost in thought in the face of turbid wine. The soldiers wandered in the cold night, tears on their faces revealing their inner anguish. Who can sleep? Going deeper, I finally forced out such a far-reaching and gripping statement that "the general is white-haired and tears for his husband". Fifth, give consideration to expression techniques and experience colorful poetic skills. The reason why China's poems are vast and colorful is that different expressive techniques are used. Generally speaking, expression skills focus on the following two aspects: 1. Means of expression. Bixing techniques are more common in ancient poems, such as "Peacock flies southeast and lingers in five miles" (Peacock flies southeast). Contrastive techniques such as "the wine in Zhumen stinks, and the bones on the road freeze to death" (Du Fu's From Beijing to Qinxian) make a sharp contrast between the extravagance of the feudal ruling group and the tragic situation of the working people being enslaved, plundered and frozen to death. Li Bai's symbolic techniques, such as "Long Wind and Waves, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea" ("It's hard to reach the sky"), show the poet's persistent pursuit of ideals and optimistic attitude towards life. Rendering contrast, such as Bai Juyi's "I am seeing the guests off, at night on the Xunyang River, maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn" ("Pipa"), renders an atmosphere of depression and sadness. 2. The use of figures of speech. For example, Li Yu's "How worried can you be? Just like A River Flowing East (Yu Meiren), it uses striking questions, vivid metaphors and extreme exaggeration to make it have a strong artistic appeal. Pay special attention to allusions used in poetry. Poetry often quotes ready-made stories or words from ancient books, because poetry should be "inclusive" and concise to reflect richness. Understanding allusions needs to grasp two points, one is the content of allusions, and the other is the author's intention to use allusions. For example, Xin Qiji used five allusions (Sun Quan, Emperor Wu of Song, Song Wendi, Beaver, Lian Po) in the book "Jingkou Never Encountered Happiness, Gu Beiting Nostalgia", and the use of these allusions well showed his thoughts and feelings of borrowing historical facts. In short, the appreciation of ancient poetry mainly depends on the usual accumulation. As long as you read more poems, recite more poems and master some appreciation methods, you can basically appreciate poems correctly.
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