Nineteen Ancient Poems profoundly reproduces the disillusionment and degradation pursued by literati and the awakening and pain of the soul during the great transformation of social thought at the end of Han Dynasty. In art, the language is simple and natural, the description is vivid and true, and it has a natural artistic style. At the same time, Nineteen Ancient Poems expresses the most basic and common feelings and thoughts in life, allowing readers to read and innovate from time to time.
Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long called it "the crown of five words", while Zhong Rong's poems praised it as "flawless and golden".
1, solve the problem
Nineteen Ancient Poems, which first appeared in Selected Works, were compiled by children in the Southern Dynasties based on unknown ancient poems handed down from generation to generation. The editor collected these five-character poems that the author has been unable to verify, and named them the first of "miscellaneous poems", which later generations regarded as a group of poems. Yuefu was originally an official institution for managing music established during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It not only sings poems praising the virtues of literati to music, but also undertakes the task of collecting Han folk songs. These movements and lyrics were later collectively referred to as "Yuefu Poetry" or "Yuefu". There are only more than forty Han folk songs in the two Han Yuefu, most of which are from the mouth of the lower class, reflecting some social contradictions at that time and having high cognitive value; At the same time, its style is straightforward and frank, with unique aesthetic taste.
Nineteen Ancient Poems is a five-character poem developed on the basis of Han folk songs in Han Dynasty. Most of the content is leaving sorrow, not hating frustration, negative thinking and depressed mood. However, his artistic achievements are very high, and he is good at expressing emotions, making good use of things to set off, embodying feelings in the scenery, and integrating the scenery into the environment.
Nineteen Ancient Poems are customarily titled with the first sentence, namely: Journey, Re-Journey, Grass on the Green River, Cypress on the Green Mausoleum, Today's Good Banquet, Northwest Tall Building, Picking Lotus from Shejiang River, Bright Moon, Solitary Bamboo in Ran Ran, Strange Tree in Courtyard,
2. Author and year of writing
There are different opinions about the author and age of Nineteen Ancient Poems. The bet on the topic of anthology of Zhao Ming's Miscellaneous Poems and Nineteen Ancient Poems once explained clearly: "Ancient poems are parallel, but the author is unknown." It was said that there were works by Mei Cheng, Yi Fu, Cao Zhi and RoyceWong. For example, eight of the questions were Han Meicheng, and later generations suspected that they were inaccurate. A comprehensive survey of the emotional tendency, social life and skillful artistic skills of Nineteen Ancient Poems shows that it was not written by one person at one time, but was produced in the late years of Shun Di in the Eastern Han Dynasty and before Xian Di, that is, between 140- 190.
3. Value
Nineteen Ancient Poems is a remarkable symbol of the humanization of Yuefu ancient poems. At the end of the Han Dynasty, the literati attached importance to the value of individual existence, which made them establish a broader and deeper emotional connection with their social environment and natural environment. In the past, things related to external affairs, such as the worship of the ancestral temples of emperors and princes, the martial arts of wenzhi, hunting and entertainment, and even the palaces in the capital, once dominated the theme field of literature, giving way to the source of poets' real life and spiritual life, friendship and love, and even streets and fields, phenology and solar terms, literary themes, styles and techniques have undergone tremendous changes.
Nineteen Ancient Poems occupies an important position in the development of five-character poems and is also of great significance in the history of China's poems. Its theme, content and expression techniques have been imitated by later generations, almost forming a model. His artistic style also influenced the creation and criticism of later poems. As far as the actual development of ancient Chinese poetry is concerned, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long is called "the crown of five words", while Zhong Rong's poems praise it as "flawless and golden". "The ancestor of five words throughout the ages" is not too much. In the history of poetry, Nineteen Ancient Poems is regarded as the power of five-character ancient poems. For example, Wang Shizhen in Ming Dynasty said that "Nineteen Poems are not as good as Three Hundred Poems in reasoning, but they are the ancestors of five-character ancient poems". Lu Shiyong said, "(Poetry 19) refers to the wind, which is called the mother of poetry."
To sum up, Nineteen Ancient Poems established its position in the history of China's poetry in the following four aspects:
First, it inherited the fine tradition since the Book of Songs and prepared for the emergence of Jian 'an poetic style.
Secondly, it is an important turning point in the transition and prosperity of Chinese poetry from Han folk literature to literati creation.
Thirdly, it developed five-character ancient poetry into an independent system.
Fourthly, it laid a solid foundation for the further development of five-character poetry. Its appearance marks the maturity of literati's five-character poems. Its brand-new poetic form and superb artistic skills have laid a solid foundation for the development of five-character poetry and exerted a far-reaching influence on the development history of Chinese poetry in China.