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(The following content is from Baidu Encyclopedia)
"Guo Feng Bei Feng Yan Yan" is one of the "Guo Feng Bei Feng" in the pre-Qin realist poetry collection "The Book of Songs" Pian, a folk song from the pre-Qin era, is the earliest farewell work in the history of Chinese poetry. The poem adopts the technique of repeating chapters and singing, which is easy to express the meaning, and it is also step-by-step, and the happy scene contrasts with the sadness; thus, the farewell situation and the atmosphere of farewell are expressed in a profound and sad way, which makes it difficult to bear to read.
The swallow is flying ⑴, but its feathers are worse than the one ⑵. The son returned home and was sent far away into the wild. I can't wait to see you, and my tears are like rain.
The swallows are flying, and they are flying. When his son returns home, he will be far away from his general ⑸. Looking beyond his reach, he stood and cried.
The swallows are flying, and the sound is rising from below. His son returned home and was sent far to the south. Looking beyond my reach, it really works my heart.
Zhong’s heart is blocked by just ⑺. The end is warm and beneficial ⑼, and Shu is careful about his body ⑽. The thoughts of the first emperor are used to exploit the few people. [1]
⑴ Yanyan: that is, swallow.
⑵Chai (cī) Chi (chí) Qiyu: The meaning is the same as "crack", describing the swallow's spread of its tail.
⑶Zhan: look forward; Eph: unable.
⑷颉(xié): Fly up. 郃 (háng): fly down.
⑸ jiāng: send.
⑹Standing: Waiting for a long time.
⑺Zhong: The second eldest brother or sister. Refers to the second sister. Ren: Trust. Family name: surname. Only: auxiliary words.
8. Sè: Honesty. Abyss: deep.
⑼ End...and...: both...and...; Hui: harmonious.
⑽Shu: Kind. Shen: be cautious.
⑾Xianjun: The deceased king.
⑿Xu (xù): Encouragement. 小人: A person with few virtues, a humble term used by the king for himself.
Swallows fly in the sky, spreading their wings unevenly. The girl is getting married today, and we are seeing each other by the roadside in the countryside. Looking around, there was no one in sight, and tears fell like rain.
Swallows fly in the sky, their postures rise and fall. My sister is getting married far away today, so it won’t be too long to see each other off. Looking around, there was no one in sight, and he stood there with tears streaming down his face.
Swallows fly in the sky, singing low and low. The girl is getting married today and sending each other off to the south. It is really sad and sad to see no one around.
The second sister is honest and steady, and has practical and profound thoughts. Gentle and respectful, cautious and kind-hearted. I often think of my father, and his warnings ring in my ears. [2]
Regarding the specific creative background of this poem, the "Preface to Mao's Poems" records that ""Yan Yan" was sent by Wei Zhuang Jiang to his concubine." It was Wei Zhuang Jiang who sent Wei Zhuang Jiang to his concubine after the death of Wei Huan Gong. A poem about Duke Huan's wife returning to Xue Di. [3]
The poem "Yanyan" has four chapters. The first three chapters emphasize the scene of farewell, and the last chapter affectionately recalls the virtues of the person being sent away. The lyrics are profound and the language is painful, and the writing is vivid and respectful.
The first three chapters begin with the rise of flying swallows: "The swallows are flying, and their feathers are missing." "Zhu Zi Yu Lei" praised: "Just like a painter, he writes with great energy." In March of spring, swallows are flying, jumping up and down, and singing. However, the poet's intention is not just to depict a "picture of a spring swallow's test flight". Instead, the freedom and joy of Yanyan flying together contrast with the sorrow and sadness of the separation of compatriots. This so-called "like a painter" also "writes out the spirit". Then he pointed out the reason: "When my son returns home, I send him away to the wild." His father has passed away, his sister is going to marry far away, and the brothers and sisters are separated today. It is difficult to say goodbye in this situation. "Farther than I will send you", "far away to the south", sending each other off one way after another, and the sadness of separation can be seen even more. However, even when we see each other thousands of miles away, there is always a difference. The sister who married far away finally passed away suddenly, but the affectionate brother was still reluctant to leave. The poems here use artistic techniques to express touching situations: "looking beyond reach, weeping like rain", "standing still and weeping", "working hard on my heart". First, I climbed up to take a look. Although I couldn't see the carriages and horses, the dust was rising from time to time. Then, I couldn't see it, so I just stood there and wept, thinking sadly. The love between brother and sister is really deep, and they part ways with each other, which is so touching and sad that ghosts and gods can weep. These three chapters are repeated and sung, which are easy to express the meaning, and step by step, and the music scene contrasts with the sadness; thus, the farewell situation and the atmosphere of farewell are expressed in a profound and sad way, which cannot be read.
The four chapters move from fiction to reality, transcribing those who were sent away. It turns out that the second sister is extraordinary. She has practical and profound thoughts, a gentle and respectful temperament, a cautious and kind person, and is a good helper for him to govern the country. She held hands to say goodbye, but did not forget to give her words of encouragement: Don't forget the late king's instructions and become a good king for the people. This chapter of writing reflects the ancient ancestors' high evaluation of female virtues. In terms of writing method, first summarize the description, and then write the characters' language; there is movement in the silence, and the image is vivid. The four chapters are also very particular about the structure of the whole article. The first three chapters use virtual brushstrokes to exaggerate the atmosphere of farewell, while the last chapter uses real brushstrokes to depict the person being sent away, using an inversion method similar to that of "Zhaonan Caiping".
After "Yan Yan", "Looking far beyond reach" and "Standing and crying" have become the archetypal images expressing farewell situations, and have appeared repeatedly in farewell poems of all dynasties. The "tears" of "standing and weeping" have become one of the artistic images on which the theme of separation is based. [4]
Xu Wei of the Song Dynasty: "You can really weep ghosts and gods!" ("Yanzhou Poetry Talk")
Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty: "Like a painter, he can write Spirit out.
"("Zhu Zi Yu Lei")
Chen Shunbai of Ming Dynasty: "The two words "Yan Yan" are profound and euphemistic and can be recited. There are many poems about Yan in later generations, and no one can match them. "The inaccessible place is to draw parallels in the excitement, and to contrast the sadness with the happy scenery, so it is "deep and euphemistic and can be recited". ("Reading Poems and Supplements") [5]
Chen Zhen of the Qing Dynasty: "Sorrow is in the syllables, which makes the readers shed tears like beans and make progress. In the word "looking beyond the reach", the action and situation of "looking beyond the reach" convey the sadness of farewell without saying goodbye but the meaning of farewell. Beyond words, these are indeed words of understanding. ” ("Reading Poems")
Wang Shizhen of the Qing Dynasty: "The ancestor of farewells through the ages" ("Poetry Talk in Daijingtang").
[6]
[1] Wang Xianqian． Notes on the Collection of Poems on Sanjiayi: Zhonghua Book Company, 1987: 137.
[2] "Dictionary of Pre-Qin Poetry Appreciation". Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, December 1998 edition, pp. 54-55
[3] Ye Qianmo. "The Book of Songs·Bei" "Wind·Yanyan" Disputes over Poetry Skills [J]. Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), 2010,01:44-47.
[4] "Dictionary of Pre-Qin Poetry Appreciation". Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, December 1998 edition, pp. 55-57
[5] (Ming Dynasty) Dai Junen's original version, (Qing Dynasty) Chen Jikui's supplement. Reading Feng Zhubu. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1996 .115
[6] Edited by Fudan University Ancient Chinese Literature Research Center, Chinese Literature Research No. 16, China Federation of Literary and Art Circles Press, 2010.12,108