1. Techniques for answering classical Chinese reading and answering questions in the high school entrance examination
The examination of classical Chinese should be classified as “easy” in terms of “difficulty level”.
The following aspects are usually examined:
1. Able to correctly understand the meaning of classical Chinese words.
2. Ability to correctly translate classical Chinese sentences into modern Chinese.
3. Able to understand and summarize the main content of the article.
4. Be able to grasp the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the article and improve your own appreciation.
Just memorize the in-class parts in a targeted manner.
The extracurricular problem-solving methods are as follows:
Four steps for solving extracurricular classical Chinese reading problems
Source: Oriental Net-Xinmin Evening News Author: Guo Longchang
Extracurricular language materials will inevitably be tested in classical Chinese reading in the high school entrance examination. What should I do if I face a passage or article I have never read and there is no reference book to look up? Many students feel helpless when answering such questions. Based on teaching practice, I have summarized four steps for solving problems, which are for students’ reference only.
The first step
Browse the questions quickly
Extracurricular classical Chinese reading test questions have a characteristic: some question options provide the meaning of certain key words in the text. Some questions hint at the main content of classical Chinese essays. Browsing the questions will help students initially understand the general meaning of classical Chinese texts. Therefore, when you receive an extracurricular classical Chinese reading passage, you should first quickly browse the questions after the passage.
The second step
Carefully analyze the title
Generally speaking, extracurricular classical Chinese reading passages will be given titles. Teachers should guide students to pay attention to and carefully analyze the titles of passages. Because most of the titles themselves summarize the main content of the classical Chinese text. For example, in one test, an extracurricular classical Chinese reading passage called "Chu Ren Xuezhou" was tested. The title of this subject-predicate structure summarizes the main content of the paragraph. We know the main content of the paragraph after reading the title. In short, careful analysis of the titles of passages can enable us to quickly understand the main content of classical Chinese texts.
The third step
Quickly read the full text with annotations
For extracurricular classical Chinese reading passages, annotations are generally given for some difficult classical Chinese words. These annotations help students accurately understand the main content of classical Chinese texts. Therefore, teachers should remind students not to ignore these annotations, but to quickly read the full text in conjunction with the annotations. In addition, it should be noted that teachers should remind students not to stop and think hard when encountering "blockers" in the process of reading the full text, but to continue reading. In short, read the whole text quickly, without trying to fully understand it. Just be able to understand the general meaning of the article.
The fourth step
Answer the questions "appropriately"
There are three types of extracurricular classical Chinese reading questions, namely word explanation questions, sentence translation questions and content comprehension questions . Different problem-solving methods are used for different questions:
(1) Word explanation questions. Most of these questions examine the phenomenon of polysemy in classical Chinese content words, and these classical Chinese content words are basically what students have learned in classical Chinese in class. When solving problems, we should first apply the meanings of the classical Chinese words we have studied, and then check them with the context. After checking that the meanings are smooth, the answer is correct.
(2) Sentence translation questions. Translated sentences should be free translation based on literal translation. First, explain the meaning of the key words in the draft (literal translation); then, write the general meaning of the sentence (free translation). When translating sentences, you need to pay attention to the following issues: First, proper nouns such as year names, names of people, places, official names, names of things, book titles, and country names should be kept as they are without translation. For example: "In the spring of the fourth year of Qingli (year name), Teng Zijing (name of person) was relegated to Baling County (name of place)". This sentence can be translated as: In the spring of the fourth year of Qingli, Teng Zijing was demoted and became the prefect of Baling County. Second, words that have no actual meaning in the sentence should be deleted. For example: "Chen Sheng is from Yangcheng", "Zhe...ye" means judgment, which is meaningless and should be deleted. This sentence can be translated as: Chen Sheng is from Yangcheng. Third, some special sentence patterns in classical Chinese (such as subject-verb inversion, object-prepositioning, adverbial-postpositioning, etc.) are different from the word order of modern Chinese, and appropriate adjustments must be made during translation. For example: "It's very, very unfair to you (subject and predicate inversion)!" This sentence can be translated as: Your lack of intelligence is too serious. Fourth, if the translated sentence is an omitted sentence, the omitted elements must be added. For example: "Nai Dan wrote on the silk, 'King Chen Sheng' (ellipsis)." This sentence can be translated as: They (the subject) used cinnabar to write the words 'King Chen Sheng' on the silk.
(3) Content comprehension questions. There are three ways to solve this type of question: first, answer by quoting sentences from the original text; second, answer by excerpting key words from the original text; third, organize the text answer in your own words. Of the three methods, the accuracy of answering using the first and second methods is generally higher. 2. What are the skills for reading and answering questions in classical Chinese in junior middle school?
Analysis: 1. Recitation of classical Chinese poems requires not missing a word, not adding a word, not knocking a word down, and not changing a word; writing classical Chinese silently Poetry sentences should not only be coherent, but also should be word-by-word when written silently.
In the high school entrance examination, you usually write 4 sentences of poetry and 2 sentences of prose silently, and pay special attention to memorizing the famous sentences in the article. Remember and correct typos in your previous dictation.
2. The understanding and appreciation of ancient poetry should focus on the ancient poems, lyrics and music that appear as reading chapters in each textbook, and focus on the accumulation of knowledge about ancient culture and literature, especially the annotations in the textbooks; I have a good understanding of the appreciation guidance and exercises in the poem, and have an accurate grasp of the poem's understanding, the main content and writing intention of the poem, and the author's thoughts and feelings. 3. For some masterpieces by famous writers, you should also know the author’s name, life era and title of the article.
4. Master the meaning of common content words in classical Chinese and the usage of 6 function words. Generally speaking, the special usages in ancient Chinese are: multiple meanings of a word, false meanings, flexible use of parts of speech, and different meanings in ancient and modern times.
Therefore, special attention should be paid to such words in the text, and the usage of the 150 content words and 6 function words included in "Chapter Click" must be understood, especially the meanings that appear in junior high school textbooks. 5. Be sensitive to “special sentence patterns” in sentence translation.
For example, in omitted sentences, pay attention to adding the omitted subject and object; such as judgment sentences, inverted sentences (object in front, adverbial in back), passive sentences, rhetorical questions, etc. When translating, the meaning of key content words and the usage of function words must be implemented, and the mood and sentence pattern of the translated sentence must be consistent with the original sentence.
6. When reading extracurricular classical Chinese, don’t be nervous when you encounter a word you don’t know or a word you didn’t think of at once. Contact the context and the plot of the story (article) to understand (guess) its meaning. To understand the meaning, bring the words into the article to understand. Remember that translation cannot be separated from the article. If there are notes under the selected text, be sure to make full use of the notes' prompting effect.
7. When reading paragraphs in class, pay attention to the summary of the main content of the selected text. If it is within the scope of your own review, you can of course answer the questions from memory; if you do not review well or remember clearly , you need to carefully read the selected text to collect and process the information, and then make a reasonable and concise statement. In extracurricular reading of classical Chinese, we should pay attention to the understanding of principles contained in the article or the summary and refinement of the character traits of the characters in the article.
Common test methods From the perspective of the test format, single reading is mainly used, and some also arrange comparative reading or linked reading of paragraphs, paragraphs and poems. The article selection adopts a combination of in-class and extra-curricular methods.
Judging from the examination questions in recent years, famous articles such as "Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi for accepting advice", "Yueyang Tower", "Drunkard Pavilion" and other famous articles with a high selection rate. The curriculum standard's requirements for classical Chinese reading are: "Read simple classical Chinese and be able to understand the basic content with the help of annotations and reference books."
The selection of classical Chinese reading materials for the high school entrance examination must be "easy", and "easy" The understanding should be that most of the numerals in the text are common content words and function words. Even if there are a few rare words or uncommon allusions in the selected text, annotations will be arranged to reduce the difficulty, allowing candidates to "You can pick the fruit with just one jump." Question type analysis and problem-solving strategies: In the examination of classical Chinese prose, the common test points and question types are nothing more than word explanation, sentence segmentation, sentence translation, textual meaning induction, writing analysis, character and work evaluation, etc.
Here are some suggestions on review and solution methods: 1. Accurately explain the meaning of the words. Pay attention to the use of annotations, the accumulated knowledge of content words and function words, and the use of expanded associations and related word combinations to confirm the meaning of words in the contextual language environment.
2. Translate sentences correctly and smoothly. When translating a sentence, firstly, the content must be correct and consistent with the meaning of the text; secondly, the translated sentence must be accurately expressed, decent and fluent.
3. Summarize the meaning of the text. Often by filling in the blanks and answering questions, the level of the article, the characteristics of the scenery, and the key points of the content are tested (such as question 10 of the Hubei Wuhan Volume: What are the main aspects of Nian Gengyao's good use of troops? Please briefly summarize it.
Jilin Paper 15 question: Please use concise language to summarize the degree of grasp of the anecdotes of Fan Zhongyan's reading described in this article), the character's personality traits and emotional attitudes, the meaning of the work, and the reading experience. This is the most frequently tested point besides word explanation and sentence translation.
When answering, be sure to read the full text and be good at focusing on the details, filtering out important information, and summarizing the key points. At the same time, you must consider the accuracy of the answer's wording. The summary must be unobtrusive and unbiased. Don't lean on it, get to the point. 4. Compare reading.
This is a more common question type in recent years. Commonly used is to compare two paragraphs of materials. The relevant points of the materials generally lie in the subject matter, themes, characters, techniques, social significance, etc. of the work.
Some are mainly in-class prose and link to relevant extra-curricular materials (such as "Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi for accepting remonstrance" and "Zou Ji, the Marquis of Cheng, is the Prime Minister of Qi" in the Changzhou volume of Jiangsu Province, and "Shishi Biao" and "The Master's Guide" in the Hubei Huangshi volume "Zhuge Liang talks about his family affairs"); some of the two articles are travel notes describing scenery ("Three Gorges" and "Books with Zhu Yuan" in Liuzhou, Guangxi); some are articles by the same author writing about different scenic spots (such as "Manchuria" by Yuan Hongdao in Qianjiang, Hubei) "Journey to the Well" and "Tiger Hill"); some use two paragraphs of materials on related themes (such as "Fish I Want" and "Yan Zi Admonished Duke Jing" in Binzhou Volume of Shandong Province, and two paragraphs of material on appreciating lotuses in the Xiamen Volume of Fujian Province). ).
Comparative reading is just a form. There is a complementary or mutually reinforcing relationship between two or more paragraphs of material. Some propositions are based on the comprehensive aspects of the two paragraphs, and some are separate propositions. The topics are irrelevant to each other. The materials There is no comparison between the two. The latter one is just a supplement to the previous one in terms of content or number of questions.
The test points are basically the same as the single-article test. 5. Expand migration.
In order to apply the past to the present and apply what has been learned, the questions often test the evaluation of the theme of the prose and the thoughts and feelings of the characters, and require candidates to talk about their views on certain points in connection with reality. To answer this type of question, we must be good at reading the outstanding ideological qualities of characters from ancient historical materials, reading the precious humanistic spirit from events, and evaluate their social significance from a developmental perspective. At the same time, we must also pay attention to the limitations of the times and appropriately Choose and discard rationally.
6. Writing analysis. Including language taste, rhetoric appreciation, structural analysis, article style interpretation, etc.
When answering questions, try to use the texts you have learned, associate with the training questions you have done, draw inferences from one instance to the other, and look for answers. Misunderstanding Reminder Example Classical Chinese Reading (A) Read the following and answer the questions.
"The Drunkard Pavilion" ① Chu is surrounded by mountains. Its southwest peaks and forest valleys. 3. Looking for methods and techniques for answering Chinese (especially reading) questions in the high school entrance examination
I am a candidate from Henan in 2008. In the high school entrance examination, I scored 117 (out of 120) in Chinese. I ranked first in the school and now I am also among the best in high school Chinese. , it should meet the requirements of your top Chinese students!
To get back to the subject, my Chinese was not good before, but it has improved significantly after intensive practice.
Time is very important in exams, especially Chinese and composition, so the front part of the Chinese exam is The questions can save time
My habit of reading is to read the topic first before reading the article. This way, the reading of the article will be targeted. The speed of reading the article must be fast, and grasp the "topic" in the question. Look in the article with your eyes. You have to remember that the answer to your reading is in the article. If you answer the question outside of the article, you will often not get high marks! In addition, you should pay attention to answering the questions with clear ideas. Questions answered according to points, such as 4 points, often have 2 points. At this time, you have to form a clear idea in your mind and write the answers one by one. If there are several answers, you don’t know which one? If it is correct, just write it all, and write the big ones at the front!
You probably won’t have questions that are too difficult in the classical Chinese exam. There may be comparative readings with in-class articles. When you get the article, you should read it quickly to understand the general idea, then read the questions, and then analyze the specific questions in detail. !
Don’t panic if you encounter questions such as word solution. The questioner will usually come up with words with different parts of speech, ancient and modern synonyms, and these words should be found in the in-class articles, so the test Be sure to master the classical Chinese in class before reading, so that you won’t be in a hurry when encountering something unexpected!
Composition, let me introduce you to an easy way to get high scores in the examination room
First of all, the question is very important, you must start it well, don’t be too wordy at the beginning of the article, keep it simple and clear for marking The teacher will be able to understand what you want to express at a glance. You must not let the teacher guess your article because their time for the paper does not allow it.
The middle part of the article should be organized in a hierarchical manner, divided into paragraphs and several aspects.
The final end should reflect the beginning as much as possible, forming a link between before and after, which will make your article look like It’s very complete. If you have strong language skills, you can write a parallel sentence at the end of the article. Of course, it should follow the theme, and it will also add a lot of color to your article!
If you have enough review time, you can prepare a few articles on different aspects and ask the teacher to revise them for you. In this way, it is possible to change the topic and change a few sentences for use in the exam. I The articles for the high school entrance examination are the ones I usually prepare, so I am more confident!
Finally, I would like to remind you of a very important point. The font must be good, or at least clear. This is the first impression you make on the marking teacher!
The above is my experience. I hope it will be helpful to you. Come on, I believe you will do well in the exam! 4. Question-answering methods and techniques for Chinese reading comprehension in the high school entrance examination
The following literary common sense must be memorized. By the way, there is a word limit and there is no argumentative essay.
In addition, the principle that should be grasped when answering questions is "the words should not be separated from the sentences, the sentences should not be separated from the paragraphs, and the paragraphs should not be separated from the articles." Modern literature reading knowledge and question-answering skills Narrative reading 1. Question about the genre of the article? Answer: This article is an article.
Alternative answers include: poetry, novels (novels, novellas, short stories, novels), prose (lyrical prose, narrative prose, argumentative prose, that is, philosophical prose) - formal prose is required And Shen Bu San, script, expository essay, argumentative essay. 2. What are the six elements of narrative? Time, place, people, cause, process and result of events.
3. What is the content of the article? Method: Look at the topic, characters (things), and events to synthesize and summarize. Emphasize three parts: what is the content, what is the article like, and what is the author like?
Answer: A. This article narrates (describes, explains) the story (deeds, processes, events, scenery) of.... That is, who did what—this can be a one-sentence answer that summarizes the content of the article.
B. Expressed (praised, revealed, satirized, reflected, eulogized, exposed, criticized)…. C. Expresses the author’s feelings of….
4. What are the characteristics of material organization? Select typical events tightly around the center, cut them appropriately and detail them appropriately. 5. Divide into levels? (1) Divide by time (find phrases that express time) (2) Divide by location (find phrases that indicate location) (3) According to the development process (find individual events) (4) Total score (tick off the beginning and end) 6. Narrative clues and functions? Clues (light and dark lines) - core characters, core things, core events, time, place, author's emotions.
Function: It is the thread that runs through the whole text, organically connecting the characters and events in the text, making the article clear and organized. 7. Come up with a title for the article.
Find the clue or center of the article based on (1) core characters (2) core things (3) core events (4) author's emotions. 8. Taste the questions from the following aspects: A. Content B. Theme C. Clues D. Suspense setting.
Examples: (1) The topic must be answered based on the main idea, such as a symbolic prose question. You can also answer it like this: the question is cleverly formulated, a pun is used, the original reference is... the actual reference is..., the theme is highlighted, and it is thought-provoking . (2) Expository text: What rhetorical techniques are used to vividly illustrate..., point out the main content of the explanation of this article, and clarify the object of this article.
9. Understand the role of person. First person: kind, natural, real, suitable for psychological description, and easy to portray the character's image and personality traits.
Second person: facilitates emotional communication. Third person: Appears objectively, is not limited by time and space, and is convenient for narrative and discussion.
10. Narrative order and function? (1) Sequential narration (in the order of the development of things) Function: The narrative has a beginning and an end, is clearly organized, and reads clearly and impressively. (2) Flashback (write the results first, and then explain what happened before.)
Function: Create suspense, attract readers, avoid the monotony of the narrative, and enhance the vividness of the article. (3) Narration (interrupt the clues during the narrative and insert another related thing.)
Function: It supplements and sets off the plot, enriches the image, and highlights the center. 11. Language characteristics? Choose from the following sentences based on the context and rhetorical methods: vivid, fresh and beautiful, concise and concise, accurate and rigorous, incisive and profound, easy to understand, harmonious in phonology, strong in rhythm, and humorous.
Must be analyzed in conjunction with specific statements. Generally speaking, it refers to the easy-to-understand spoken language, the rigorous and elegant written language, and the bright, vivid, vivid, vivid and emotional literary language.
12. Writing techniques and functions? Writing technique in the narrow sense is "expression", and writing technique in the broad sense refers to all techniques of writing articles, such as expression, rhetorical techniques, restraint first and then expansion, imagination, association, symbolism, getting straight to the point, expressing one's ambitions, setting up suspense, Symbolism, borrowing scenery to express emotion, combination of uplift and uplift, contrast between positive and negative, side contrast, combination of virtual and real, using small things to see big things, using the second person to express emotions, showing ambitions at the end of the chapter, cleverly designing suspense, echoing from beginning to end, foreshadowing, beading, light and dark lines, etc. The commonly used ones are as follows: (1) Anthropomorphic techniques endow things with human personalities, thoughts, feelings and actions, personifying them to achieve a vivid effect.
(2) Metaphorical techniques describe things and explain principles vividly, concisely and concisely. (3) Exaggeration highlights the characteristics of people or things, reveals the essence, and gives readers a clear and strong impression.
(4) Symbolic techniques place specific meanings on the things described, express the emotions of..., and enhance the expressiveness of the article. (5) Contrast technique: Through comparison, the characteristics of things or objects are highlighted to better express the theme of the article.
(6) Set off (side contrast) techniques and frontal description. Use secondary people or things to set off the main people or things, highlighting the characteristics, character, thoughts, feelings, etc. of the main people or things.
(7) Satire. Use metaphors, exaggeration and other means and methods to expose, criticize and ridicule people or things, strengthen the profundity and criticality, and make the language pungent and humorous.
(8) If you want to rise, suppress it first and to raise it first and then suppress it. It first belittles and then vigorously praises the object being described. The context forms a contrast and highlights the object being written about, achieving an unexpectedly touching effect.
(9) Echoing before and after (echoing from beginning to end) makes the plot complete, the structure rigorous, and the center prominent. (10) Setting up suspense can attract readers' attention and draw out the explanatory content of the article, etc.
(11) The writing techniques at the beginning of the article are: A. You can use the Fu Bixing technique in the Book of Songs. For example, Xing speaks of other things first.
B. You can also use quotation techniques. Such as famous sentences, proverbs and the like.
C. You can also take the lead and use a series of parallel sentences with strong momentum... D. Or use the method of inscription. It seems meaningful and profound, and has literary talent.
E. It is also good to describe the scenery at the beginning to create the atmosphere and tone you need. F. Get straight to the point.
G. Flashback 13. Rhetorical methods and functions (1) Metaphor: vividly describe the xx characteristics of xx things. (2) Personification: endow things with human personalities, thoughts, feelings and actions, personify the things, and vividly describe the xx characteristics of xx things.
(3) Exaggeration: highlighting features, revealing the essence, and giving readers a clear and strong impression. (4) Parallelism: clear organization, distinctive rhythm, enhanced momentum, and good at lyricism.
Enhance the momentum of the article, increase appeal and persuasiveness. (5) Duality: neat form, harmonious phonology, neat sentences and rhyme.