1. Appreciation and observation of poets.
2. refers to the finishing touch in the work. It has two forms of expression. One is the most refined and vivid word in a poem, based on one word. First, the most wonderful and crucial poem in the whole article is the theme of a poem. Because this word or sentence is vivid, expressive, meaningful, thought-provoking and full of artistic charm, it is called the eye of poetry. The acquisition of poetic eyes requires refined words, so that refined words can best express specific life scenes and fully and truly express the poet's thoughts and feelings about these things. Moreover, such words and expressions should be in the key parts of poetry and have the function of controlling the whole article. Therefore, the training of poetic eyes should be based on the whole article, and we should not work hard on words in isolation.
For example, Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream": "Last night, it rained suddenly and the wind suddenly, and I didn't consume alcohol when I slept soundly. Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there. Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat and thin. " This word expresses the poet's sentimental feelings by describing the withering of begonia flowers in late spring. The last sentence "green, fat and thin" is the eye of the word. The first two sentences describe a depressing situation. There was a sudden storm at night. I was bored and worried, so I drowned my worries with wine and fell asleep, but when I woke up, the wine was gone. Three or four sentences, written in the hazy wine, remember last night's storm, did it destroy the begonia in the garden? So I asked the maid who was rolling the curtain affectionately, and the answer was very casual, saying "Haitang is still there." At this time, the hostess repeatedly asked, "Do you know? Do you know? " Then he said the most wonderful sentence: "it should be green, fat, red and thin." These common words, after the combination of Li Qingzhao, have their colors and charm. This is just a description of the begonia tree after the storm. There is a deeper feeling in the description. That is, with the in-depth description of the flowering of begonia, the poet's feelings of cherishing spring and loving flowers reached a climax. In this nostalgia and farewell to spring, he euphemistically expressed his boredom and distress that his youth was about to die. It can be seen that this sentence is a colorful pen with rich meanings and rich scenes, which is the crowning touch of this word, thus becoming a good sentence that people have recited throughout the ages.
The word "poetic eye" was first seen in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi's poem said: "Heaven suddenly turns back, and the poetic eyes increase or decrease skillfully." Fan Chengda also wrote "poetic eyes" in his poems: "Taoist eyes are full of poetic eyes, plum blossoms are moving, and snowflakes are sparse".
4 Poetic eyes have different functions in sentences. The following are several typical functions:
[1] is used to explore new ideas. For example, the word "hate" in the sentence "I hate peace alone and kill the old minister in the south of the Yangtze River" has been changed to "joy". "Hate peace" means dissatisfaction with world peace, and "peace and happiness" means happiness because of world peace.
[2] Add interest. Such as; With cursive letters in Bai Yutang, the word "zhong" was changed to "deep" and "li" was changed to "cold" in the Crystal Palace, which made Bai Yutang and the Crystal Palace, which were originally only used to point out the direction, elegant and refined in a blink of an eye.
(3) rely on it to enhance the image. In Wang Anshi's Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan, the word "green" is used instead of "to", "to", "to" and "to", which is the color of the word "green". Qin Guan's "wiping the mountain and sticking the grass in the sky" is a line outline drawn by the actions of "wiping" and "sticking".
[4] Some poetic eyes are related to poetic accuracy. For example, a poem about early plum blossoms: "Zita Law in Qiancun, how many plums were there last night." If "number" is changed to "one", "one branch" and "early" are connected.
Eye of Poetry —— An Important Step in Poetry Appreciation
China can be said to be the kingdom of poetry, and poetry is an important part of the Chinese nation. Our ancestors left us many magnificent, strange and delicious dishes in the field of poetry. This is a rich heritage with the most national characteristics. Inherit it, cherish it, digest it and absorb its rich nutrition, so as to cultivate our interest, enrich our cultural heritage and enhance our life.
Poetry appreciation has been included in the college entrance examination, so how to better control the errors and improve the appreciation level? The author believes that we can grasp, comprehend and taste from the following aspects:
First, deeply analyze the image and grasp the features.
Image refers to the scenery (natural environment, social features) in landscape poems and the lyric objects (people, things, things and the poet himself) in lyric poems. Valery, a French cinematographer, believes that image is the concrete expression of the poet's mind through imagination, and can also be simply understood as the harmonious unity of mind and image, that is, the image that incorporates the poet's subjective feelings. Different images have their own unique spiritual personality. By analyzing the images of poetry, we can feel the pulse of the poet's feelings.
For example, Yu Guangzhong chose four images in Nostalgia: stamps, boat tickets, tombs and straits, and described the characteristics of these four images with small, narrow, short and shallow. Although common, it is typical and distinctive. Imagine what image can convey the affection between mother and son better than this "small stamp"? What image can better contain the lovesickness between newlyweds than this "narrow boat ticket"? What image can reveal heartbreaking sadness better than this "low grave"? The Strait is shallow and not difficult to overcome, but it is an artificial obstacle, which has isolated Taiwan Province Province from the mainland for decades. The poet longs for reunification and expresses the common aspiration of the people in mainland China and Taiwan Province Province. Apart from these four images, what other images can better explain "homesickness"?
Second, understand the background materials and grasp the lyrical opportunity.
Literature is the weather table of the times. As a spiritual product, poetry, no matter how pure, is always branded with the times, and different factors of the times will give the poet a specific influence of the times. When poets write poems, the generation, refinement and pouring of feelings are always based on individuals, expressing the unique spiritual personality of different poets. Understand the poet's life experience and historical background of creation, including the atmosphere of the times, geographical environment and social customs at that time, so as to put yourself in the poet's shoes and grasp the lyric tone of poetry, or praise or derogate or love and hate.
For example, Ai Qing's "I Love This Land" must not ignore the writing time indicated at the end of the poem: 1938 1 17, which is related to the history of China. It was precisely during the Anti-Japanese War that the land of the Chinese nation was "attacked by storms" and rivers were "surging with grief and indignation" as a progressive democracy. The tragic atmosphere in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War affected the poet's temperament and personality, and deep patriotic feelings poured out of the poet's soul.
Therefore, understanding the author's life, connecting with the social phenomenon at that time, and feeling the "feeling" of "this person" in "this scene at this time" are effective ways to grasp the lyric tone of poetry and understand the image content of poetry.
Third, grasp the eyes of poetry, capture the best information and dig deep into the meaning of poetry.
Poetry is characterized by high conciseness and conciseness, so its language is highly personalized, and its meaning is often expressed by metaphor, synaesthesia and pun. It makes people feel subtle, hazy and ambiguous. In the language charm of poetry, we should be good at finding the brightest pearl, which is an epigram that can not be ignored. It is a warning strategy of an article to stand up for the main points. Early warning strategy, commonly known as the eyes of poetry, is the most concise, spiritual and accurate sentence in the poem, and the most vivid paragraph in the poem is the key to mastering the relationship between the parts of the poem. If we can grasp the key words of the poem or the article, we can drive the whole article and complete the appreciation of the poem. Poetry either exists in the central sentence or appears in the title, usually in the form of verbs, adjectives or complements.
Premier Zhou of Ke Yan, where are you? The eyes of the poem are "seeking", seeking the sea from the mountains, seeking southern Xinjiang from the northern countries, calling on Premier Zhou, and repeatedly echoing "He just left, he just left", which has deeply developed the feelings of extreme grief and deep missing. For another example, the word "love" in Ai Qing's I Love This Land is a poetic eye. The poet expressed his love for the motherland through the bird's attachment to the land and deep and persistent love, and dedicated himself to the motherland.
The eyes of poetry are a key to understanding poetry. Grasping the eyes of poetry and understanding the theme can effectively help solve problems.
Fourth, arouse association, he carefully pondered the artistic conception and fully understood the feelings of poetry.
Artistic conception is the realm of describing things in works, and it is the result of the harmony between the poet's thoughts and feelings and the life pictures in works. "Meaning" refers to the author's subjective feelings, and "environment" is the external world described by the writer. The artistic harmony between the two forms a certain artistic conception. Poets always use lyrical objects to express their subjective feelings such as love and hate, pain and joy, hope and pursuit when writing poems. Artistic conception is the charm of poetry. Poetry is precious in implication, and the leap and blank between "silent and romantic" need readers to make up for it with the help of "wings of poetry"-association and imagination.
For example, there are several images in Fan Zhongyan's Su Mu Gai (Blue Sky): blue sky, yellow leaves, blue waves, sunset, and ruthless brushwork. If analyzed separately, it depicts the sky, the earth, the water, the sunset and the grass in autumn, only sporadic fragments of natural scenery, and at most only depicts the autumn shadow, expressing the author's melancholy. However, these images are organically combined to show us a clear, colorful and boundless realm, which means that "the grass is ruthless and people are outside the setting sun". In this thousand miles of autumn, the horizon is endless grassland. The poet's hometown is at the end of the grass, and the sunset is still visible, but his hometown is not there. How can this not make him miss his hometown? The poet was full of ambition to serve his country, but he ended up in an unreachable end. He was moved by the scene, worried about leaving his hometown and going to the countryside. The middle and lower film directly expresses his chest: "I am homesick and want to travel unless I sleep every night." The high-rise building in the bright moon rests alone, and the wine turns into sorrow and tears. "Make the scenery touch, the feelings depend on it, and the feelings and the scenery blend together to form a complete artistic realm.
Fifth, identify the expression techniques and taste the expression skills.
Strong emotion is the most essential feature of poetry. Poets often use various means to express their personality through images and integrate the truest, purest, most beautiful and strongest feelings into their poems. The language expression of poetry is often not straightforward, but abnormal. Abnormality mainly refers to the leap of poetic language, which makes sentences not as coherent as other styles and conforms to grammatical norms and logical thinking laws. Therefore, we must attach importance to the writing characteristics, expressive techniques and expressive effects of poetry.
The common expressive techniques in poetry are contrast, exaggeration, setting off, repetition, metaphor, symbol, expressing meaning with things, expressing feelings with scenery and so on. There are many ways to find writing: ① realism and romanticism; 2 bold and graceful; ③ Dynamic and static; ④ Fiction and real writing; ⑤ There are direct expressions and indirect lyricism.
For example, in Shu Ting's To Oak, oak and kapok symbolize male masculinity and female femininity respectively. Oak's "copper branches and iron stems" and "kapok red flowers" are concrete images of masculinity and femininity. Through symbolism and inner monologue, the poet expressed his pursuit of love full of the flavor of the times. The proper use of various rhetorical devices makes poetry more vivid, vivid, beautiful and touching.
Therefore, paying attention to expression skills, developing the expressive force of language and grasping the lyrical characteristics of poetry are helpful to understand the conception of the work.
In a word, the connoisseur tastes the sentence from the inside, perceives the effective information, enriches the appearance from the outside, grasps the poetic image, observes the poetic artistic conception, clarifies the expression skills and understands the poetic theme, which is the essence of appreciating poetry.