Since 1400 years ago, Zhao Zhouqiao has experienced 10 floods, 8 wars and many earthquakes, especially 1966 Xingtai M7.6 earthquake. Xingtai is more than 40 kilometers away from here, and there is also a 4.0 earthquake here. Zhao Zhouqiao was not damaged. Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert, said that no matter what the internal structure of the bridge is, there can only be 65,433. 1963 The flood flooded the arch of the bridge. According to the local old man, standing on the bridge can feel the bridge body shaking greatly. According to records, Zhao Zhouqiao has been restored eight times since its establishment.
Adding two small arch coupons at the upper end of the main arch coupon can save materials, reduce the dead weight of the bridge (reduce the dead weight 15%) and increase the discharge of river water under the bridge.
1979 in may, a joint investigation team composed of four units, including the natural history group of China academy of sciences, investigated the bridge foundation in Zhao Zhouqiao. The weight of Zhao Zhouqiao is 2,800 tons, and its foundation is only a abutment with a height of 1.55 meters made of five layers of stones, which is directly built on natural sand and gravel.
Such a shallow bridge foundation is unbelievable. When Mr. Liang Sicheng inspected 1933, he thought that it was only a diamond wall to prevent water erosion, but not the foundation to bear the full load of the bridge ticket. He wrote in the report:
"In order to measure the coupon base, we dug at the foot of the coupon in the north, but now about 70-80 cm below the riverbed, that is, we found the stone wall lying flat under the coupon. Stone * * * has five floors, and the height of * * * is1.58m. Each floor is slightly higher than the upper one, and there is no solid foundation below. Obviously, it is just a diamond wall used to prevent water erosion, not a foundation bearing the full load of bridge vouchers. Because water will be seen in another 30-40 cm, unless it is excavated on a large scale, it is impossible to reach the bridge foundation position that we speculate according to theory. "
1991September, Zhao Zhouqiao was selected as the 12 "International Civil Engineering Milestone" by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
And in the east side of the northern end of the bridge, there is a bronze medal monument of "International Civil Engineering Historical Monument".
In order to protect Zhao Zhouqiao, the new bridge structure built at 100 meters east of Zhao Zhouqiao at the end of last century still uses Zhao Zhouqiao, but the number of small arches on the main arch is increased to five on one side.
Questioner: Ye Haojie-the first level child.
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Sutong Bridge will create four world firsts.
On the vast Yangtze River, Sutong Bridge, which connects Suzhou and Nantong, two ancient cities, is showing its majestic posture. This 32.4-kilometer-long bridge is the first one under construction in the world.
According to He Ping, deputy commander of Sutong Bridge construction, Sutong Bridge consists of three parts: cross-river bridge project and south and north shore wiring project. The whole line adopts the standard of two-way six-lane expressway. The total investment of the bridge is about 6.45 billion yuan, and it is expected to be completed by the end of 2008. The construction process of Sutong Bridge will overcome a series of worldwide problems and create the best of the four worlds.
Maximum main span. Sutong Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge. Cable-stayed bridges have been built since 1950s, and there are more than 200 cable-stayed bridges in the world. At present, the world's largest span cable-stayed bridge has been built, with a main span of 890 meters, the main span of Stonecutters Bridge in Hong Kong1kloc-0/8 meters, and the main span of Sutong Bridge 1088 meters, which will become the world's largest span cable-stayed bridge after completion.
The deepest foundation. The main pier foundation of Sutong Bridge consists of 13 1 bored piles, with a length of about 120m, a diameter of 2.5m-2.8m, a bearing length of 1 14m and a width of 48m. It is the largest bridge pile foundation in the world and the deepest buried.
The tallest tower bridge. At present, the tallest bridge tower built is the 224-meter steel tower of Duoduoluo Bridge, and Sutong Bridge Tower is a concrete tower with a height of 300.4 meters, which is 6 meters higher than the Stonecutters Bridge under construction in Hong Kong, making it the tallest bridge tower in the world.
The longest cable. The longest stay cable of Sutong Bridge is 577 meters, and its maximum weight is 59 tons, which is 100 meter longer than that of Duoduoluo Bridge, and it is the longest stay cable in the world.
Feng Maorun, chief engineer of the Ministry of Communications, said that Sutong Bridge is the first long-span cable-stayed bridge in the world and will become the first landmark building in China's transformation from a bridge power to a bridge power. (End)
Where the first bridge in the world came from and who built it is impossible to verify. Because since there are roads, when people encounter obstacles from rivers and gullies, they will try to get over them. The original bridge may be just a trunk and a slate on the bank of a small river ditch or a rock in the river. Later, the earliest wooden bridges and stone bridges appeared on this basis.
Stone Arch Bridge-There is an arched stone bridge 5 miles south of Zhao County, Hebei Province, China. This is the world-famous Zhao Zhouqiao and one of the oldest stone arch bridges in the world. This bridge was built by craftsmen Li Chun and thomas lee in Sui Dynasty, and it has been nearly 1400 years since. It has beautiful appearance and unique structure. Bridges like this were discovered in Europe in the middle of19th century, which was later than in China 1200 years ago.
Iron Bridge-1779, Abraham Darby of England built the world's first iron bridge in Cobrookdale, central England. This iron bridge across the Severn River is a 30-meter-long single-span semicircular arch with five rows of cast iron ribs. There are many ingenious ideas about the casting of this bridge.
Suspension Bridge-The original suspension bridge is soft and easy to bend, which is not conducive to vehicle walking. Modern suspension cables solve this problem by hanging ribbed bridge plates with steel cables. The design of the first suspension bridge with horizontal deck in western languages can be found in the works of Austrian Bishop Valenzi O 1595. The design connects the iron bars together to form a suspension cable. 180 1 year, Finley first built a suspension bridge on Jacob Creek in Pennsylvania, USA, with a length of 2 1 meter.
1803, France took the lead in building a cable bridge. Sekun has built several bridges with a span of over 90 meters. Vic invented a cable made of steel wire on the bridge. It is not necessary to hang heavy steel cables on the top of the bridge tower.
Reinforced concrete bridge-The first reinforced concrete bridge in the world is a concrete viaduct built in Lotus Finnan, Scotland in 1899, with each arch span of 15m. 2 1 each arch of the bridge has hinges, so that the pier base can move. Melart, an engineer, was the first person to understand the functions of the three hinges. He built the first Swiss three-hinged arch bridge at 190 1, which is a slender reinforced concrete bridge.
Prestressed concrete bridge-After World War II, high-strength steel was made of Fresinai and applied to bridge design. From 1948 to 1950, he successively built five prestressed concrete bridges on the French River Marne, located in Esbury, Annette, Terry Ba Du, Chagis and Youxi. Each bridge adopts a flat arch.
Legend of hometown, legend of riding a bridge, legend of Zhao Zhouqiao, legend of wind and rain bridge, legend of foot bridge
Legend of Jiuxianqiao
Open the map of Beijing, and you can find a place called Jiuxianqiao in the northeast corner. Jiuxianqiao used to be a remote village, but now it is full of tall buildings and spacious roads. Why is this place called "Jiuxianqiao"?
According to folklore, people opened a river here a long time ago. If you have a river, you must have a bridge. I don't know when the bridge was built, but no one dared to cross it. While everyone was hesitating, an old man with a gray beard pushed a unicycle with four baskets of wine and went straight to the bridge. People have been talking about: "This old man has a lot of strength! Four baskets of wine are at least 200 kilograms! " While speaking, the car has reached the middle of the bridge, and I don't know who is fishing in the crowd! "Shouted:" what great strength! "As soon as the voice fell, the car tilted to the right and the two baskets of wine on the right fell into the river." Oh, no! Hurry up, everyone is trying to help, but the old man casually pushed the car away and disappeared in an instant. A careful person said: "A car with a side weight of 100 kilograms can push smoothly like that when it is empty." Good god! " At this time, a bouquet of wine floated out of the river. "Good wine!" "It smells good!" Someone suggested, "Shall we call this bridge Jiuxian Bridge?" "good!" "good!" Thus, there is the name of "Jiuxian Bridge".
With Jiuxian Bridge, everyone nearby is happy. You can scoop some river water if you want to drink. Hey! It is really the taste of wine, even if it is faint, it can satisfy the addiction.
One day, an old man with a black beard came, picked out a basket of wine and set up a shed by the river to sell it. Since then, the smell of wine in the river is getting weaker every day, while the business of the old man with black beard is getting more and more prosperous. People began to suspect the old man: he always sold wine at dawn and didn't close the door until dark. Why does a basket of wine take so long?
On this day, everyone elected a young man to lurk in the sorghum field near the shed after dinner to observe the movement of the old man. In the middle of the night, the old man walked to the river with a wine basket and spoon, looked around, scooped up half the river with one spoon and returned to the shed. The young man found out the details and sneaked home quietly. He planned to tell the villagers tomorrow and get even with the old man.
The next day, at first light, the young man took the villagers to the shed. A look, in addition to the old man with black beard, there are two more people, one is the old man with white beard who threw the wine basket into the river, and the other is the old man with white beard more than two feet long. They are tearing down the shed and packing things. Everyone was shocked. The young man asked the old man with a white beard, "Aren't you a fairy?" Why is it here? "The old man smiled and said nothing. The old man with white beard laughed and pointed to the old man with white beard and said, "This man who poured wine into the water is my son. "The other refers to an old man with a black beard." This is my grandson who poured water into the wine. There are no gods! "After that, I left with my son and grandson. Since then, the river in Jiuxianqiao has lost its wine flavor. Since then, the wine sellers in Jiuxianqiao area are afraid to pour water into the wine, let alone pour wine into the water. It is said that they are afraid to be the sons and grandchildren of the old man with white beard.
There is a place name in the west of Hefei today, which is called "Huilong Bridge". Although the bridge no longer exists, the place names have not been abolished. Although the legend about this bridge has a long history, many people still like it today. There are two legends:
On the other hand, when Sun Quan of Soochow led his soldiers to commit obesity, Cao Cao suddenly emerged from the Tibetan boat. Seeing that Cao Cao's boat was conspicuous, Sun Quan saw that the hidden boat was full of vast blue waves and deep reeds. He suspected that Cao Cao was cheating, so he forced out a smile and said to Cao Cao, "I hope you are all right." I didn't expect you to come so quickly. " Cao Cao also reluctantly replied politely: "My husband is in Japan. I hope the general will take good care of me." Seeing that the attack was useless, Sun Quan returned to the army. As a result, the bridge here was named "Huilong Bridge" ("Luzhou County Records? "Huilong Bridge" contains: "According to legend, Cao Cao and Sun Quan are fighting for each other in this festival, so it is a cloud").
Second, according to legend, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty had a concubine who was the adopted daughter of Sima of Hefei Palace. One day, the imperial concubine invited the emperor to visit relatives in Hefei, so that the emperor could cross the Fei River directly into the city without going through the city gate, so local officials decided to build a bridge in the west of the city. Unfortunately, this incident was discouraged by court officials, saying that there were "Gelonggang" and "Meilongba" in Hefei, which violated taboos and was unlucky. So the emperor decided to drive Hefei by himself and was abandoned. The bridge built to welcome the emperor was later named "Huilong Bridge", which means that the emperor (the real dragon emperor) went back. The former site of this bridge is in the south of Changjiang River.
There is a place name in the west of Hefei today, which is called "Huilong Bridge". Although the bridge no longer exists, the place names have not been abolished. Although the legend about this bridge has a long history, many people still like it today. There are two legends:
On the other hand, when Sun Quan of Soochow led his soldiers to commit obesity, Cao Cao suddenly emerged from the Tibetan boat. Seeing that Cao Cao's boat was conspicuous, Sun Quan saw that the hidden boat was full of vast blue waves and deep reeds. He suspected that Cao Cao was cheating, so he forced out a smile and said to Cao Cao, "I hope you are all right." I didn't expect you to come so quickly. " Cao Cao also reluctantly replied politely: "My husband is in Japan. I hope the general will take good care of me." Seeing that the attack was useless, Sun Quan returned to the army. As a result, the bridge here was named "Huilong Bridge" ("Luzhou County Records? "Huilong Bridge" contains: "According to legend, Cao Cao and Sun Quan are fighting for each other in this festival, so it is a cloud").
Second, according to legend, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty had a concubine who was the adopted daughter of Sima of Hefei Palace. One day, the imperial concubine invited the emperor to visit relatives in Hefei, so that the emperor could cross the Fei River directly into the city without going through the city gate, so local officials decided to build a bridge in the west of the city. Unfortunately, this incident was discouraged by court officials, saying that there were "Gelonggang" and "Meilongba" in Hefei, which violated taboos and was unlucky. So the emperor decided to drive Hefei by himself and was abandoned. The bridge built to welcome the emperor was later named "Huilong Bridge", which means that the emperor (the real dragon emperor) went back. The former site of the bridge is on the south side of Changjiang River.
Respondent: 999 _ 99- probation level 112-1519: 46.
Zhao Zhouqiao, also known as Anji Bridge, was built in the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (605-6 18) by the famous craftsman Li Chun. With a length of 64.40 meters and a span of 37.02 meters, it is a single-hole open-shouldered stone arch bridge with the largest span and the earliest construction in the world. Because the shoulders at both ends of the bridge have two small holes, which are not solid, it is called open shoulder type, which is a creation in the history of bridge building in the world (called full shoulder type or solid shoulder type without small arch).
Since 1400 years ago, Zhao Zhouqiao has experienced 10 floods, 8 wars and many earthquakes, especially 1966 Xingtai M7.6 earthquake. Xingtai is more than 40 kilometers away from here, and there is also a 4.0 earthquake here. Zhao Zhouqiao was not damaged. Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert, said that no matter what the internal structure of the bridge is, there can only be 65,433. 1963 The flood flooded the arch of the bridge. According to the local old man, standing on the bridge can feel the bridge body shaking greatly. According to records, Zhao Zhouqiao has been restored eight times since its establishment.
Adding two small arch coupons at the upper end of the main arch coupon can save materials, reduce the dead weight of the bridge (reduce the dead weight 15%) and increase the discharge of river water under the bridge.
1979 in may, a joint investigation team composed of four units, including the natural history group of China academy of sciences, investigated the bridge foundation in Zhao Zhouqiao. The weight of Zhao Zhouqiao is 2,800 tons, and its foundation is only a abutment with a height of 1.55 meters made of five layers of stones, which is directly built on natural sand and gravel.
Such a shallow bridge foundation is unbelievable. When Mr. Liang Sicheng inspected 1933, he thought that it was only a diamond wall to prevent water erosion, but not the foundation to bear the full load of the bridge ticket. He wrote in the report:
"In order to measure the coupon base, we dug at the foot of the coupon in the north, but now about 70-80 cm below the riverbed, that is, we found the stone wall lying flat under the coupon. Stone * * * has five floors, and the height of * * * is1.58m. Each floor is slightly higher than the upper one, and there is no solid foundation below. Obviously, it is just a diamond wall used to prevent water erosion, not a foundation bearing the full load of bridge vouchers. Because water will be seen in another 30-40 cm, unless it is excavated on a large scale, it is impossible to reach the bridge foundation position that we speculate according to theory. "
1991September, Zhao Zhouqiao was selected as the 12 "International Civil Engineering Milestone" by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
And in the east side of the northern end of the bridge, there is a bronze medal monument of "International Civil Engineering Historical Monument".
In order to protect Zhao Zhouqiao, the new bridge structure built at 100 meters east of Zhao Zhouqiao at the end of last century still uses Zhao Zhouqiao, but the number of small arches on the main arch is increased to five on one side.
There is a place name in the west of Hefei today, which is called "Huilong Bridge". Although the bridge no longer exists, the place names have not been abolished. Although the legend about this bridge has a long history, many people still like it today. There are two legends:
On the other hand, when Sun Quan of Soochow led his soldiers to commit obesity, Cao Cao suddenly emerged from the Tibetan boat. Seeing that Cao Cao's boat was conspicuous, Sun Quan saw that the hidden boat was full of vast blue waves and deep reeds. He suspected that Cao Cao was cheating, so he forced out a smile and said to Cao Cao, "I hope you are all right." I didn't expect you to come so quickly. " Cao Cao also reluctantly replied politely: "My husband is in Japan. I hope the general will take good care of me." Seeing that the attack was useless, Sun Quan returned to the army. As a result, the bridge here was named "Huilong Bridge" ("Luzhou County Records? "Huilong Bridge" contains: "According to legend, Cao Cao and Sun Quan are fighting for each other in this festival, so it is a cloud").
Second, according to legend, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty had a concubine who was the adopted daughter of Sima of Hefei Palace. One day, the imperial concubine invited the emperor to visit relatives in Hefei, so that the emperor could cross the Fei River directly into the city without going through the city gate, so local officials decided to build a bridge in the west of the city. Unfortunately, this incident was discouraged by court officials, saying that there were "Gelonggang" and "Meilongba" in Hefei, which violated taboos and was unlucky. So the emperor decided to drive Hefei by himself and was abandoned. The bridge built to welcome the emperor was later named "Huilong Bridge", which means that the emperor (the real dragon emperor) went back. The former site of the bridge is on the south side of Changjiang River.