Gongdui: The antithesis of neat use in modern poetry is called Gongdui. In order to make the antithesis neat, it is generally necessary to use words of the same category, such as astronomy, geography, seasons, utensils, clothing and other words with the same meaning. For example, in Du Fu's quatrains, "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky. The window contains autumn snow in Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat stops at the door. " The opposite is very neat. The words "two" to "one line" (quantitative structure to quantitative structure), "oriole" to "egret" (relative to poultry nouns), "Cui" to "green" (relative to color nouns) and "thousand" to "ten thousand" (relative to numerals) in the poem are all similar words, which are very neat.
One of the antitheses of modern poetic style. It is a relative concept with workers' pair. Wide antithesis is an untidy antithesis. Generally speaking, as long as the sentence patterns are the same and the parts of speech of words are the same, duality can be formed. This kind of confrontation is generally called "tolerance". Tolerance is slightly wider than adjacent tolerance pairs. For example, nouns generally use nouns and adjectives use adjectives. For example, the second couplet of Huang Luzhi's poem "Answering the Longmen Scholar", "The bright moon is cool and the breeze is good, and the light autumn fat horse is Xie Ercao" is a generous pair.
An antithesis in modern poetry. A pair of words with similar meanings are called "adjacent pairs". The so-called semantic categories are similar, astronomy and seasons, geography and palaces, utensils and clothing, plants and animals, orientation and quantity. When these words with similar meanings are used as a pair, they are adjacent pairs. For example, there are two sentences in Bai Juyi's Gan Chun: "The water plants are green and the flowers are white." Grass is different from the head, water is different from flowers, and the land is different from people. This can be regarded as an adjacent pair.
Self-duality: also known as a kind of duality, some words in a sentence are self-duality, which is called self-duality. For example, the poem quoted in Hong Mai's Rong Zhai Essays: "Mir Pingyang Lianlan is in Vaughan Palace. The pool light may be messy. At first, the sun's air was dry. But I feel that bees are dancing around butterflies, and I don't know that the lonely phoenix is far away from Luan, Samsung is spinning three mountains, and Zifu is far away. " There are many antonyms in the poem, for example, in the second sentence, Qin Lou is facing the Han Palace and the tile is facing the plate; The fifth sentence, bees swim against the butterfly; The sixth sentence, solitary phoenix to solitary phoenix and so on.
Borrowing duality: a way of antithesis in modern poetry, or false antithesis. It achieves the goal of neat confrontation by borrowing meaning or sound.
A: Borrowing meaning is to use the ambiguity of a word to form opposition with the corresponding word through a certain meaning of a word, but it is not this meaning but another meaning used in poetry. For example, Du Fu's "Qujiang" poem: "It is common to borrow money. Life is seventy years old. " The word "ordinary" has many meanings, one is "ordinary" and the other is "eight-foot search, double search is ordinary". The former is a general adverb and the latter is a quantifier. Here the numeral "seventy" uses its original quantitative meaning, while the poem uses its adverbial meaning. This is "borrowing meaning".
B: Borrowing sounds means using the homonym relationship between words to express the second word. For example, if the sentence uses the word A, then the sentence should have used the word B with a similar meaning to the word A, but it is not appropriate to use the word B as a whole, so we choose a word C with the same pronunciation and related meaning to form a confrontation. Yu Yang's "Yi Lao Dao" said: "Hong Jue Fan Ban" has a syntax, in which it is a medicine for residual spring, which is red and symmetrical all day (harmonious purple), living in the mountain for ten years, moving tomorrow, and moving ten pairs (harmonious thousand). "They are all borrowed to express a temporary happiness." This article refers to the "borrowed sound pair".
Fan: a form of antithesis between poems, words and songs, that is, being opposed by other sentences. In a poem, the front couplet and the back couplet form an antithesis, that is, face to face. The sentences and antitheses in each couplet do not constitute duality. As far as poetry is concerned, for example, Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "I heard that Zheng Ye shot Xiaoxiang to send a divine comedy to feel old": "The ethereal Wushan girl returned in 1978. Yin shui Diao, leaving thirteen strings. The bitter tone still came out, but the deep feeling did not pass. Thousands of clouds and waters, jathyapple Ming. " The first and third sentences are correct, and the second and fourth sentences are correct. Fan is also used in words, such as the first part of Liu Yong's Jade Butterfly: "The water and wind are light, and the apple blossoms are old; The moon is cold, and the leaves are yellow ",the next book" Reading Shuang Yan is hard to believe; Point to the sky and return to the air. "The fan face in the song, such as Cheng Jingchu's" Chun Qing ":"In the small pavilion, the swallows didn't roll the shutter when they came. In the small courtyard of Shenting, the cuckoo crows in the empty moon. " "Swallow" sentence and "cuckoo" sentence are just face to face. In other words, the second and fourth sentences are correct.
Intricate antithesis: a way of antithesis in ancient verse, independent of the position of words, and the opposite words are in an intricate situation. For example, Li Qunyu, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem that "six pieces of Xiangjiang River water are dragged by a skirt, and Wushan Mountain pulls a cloud in a bun". The sixth section of Xiangjiang River and Wushan are opposite, but their positions are different. This is a complicated pair.
An antithesis in modern poetry. The flowing pair is a language structure with a certain order, which is not opposite in meaning and grammatical structure, but has a continuous relationship. For example, there are two sentences in Du Fu's poem "Hearing the lawsuit leads to Henan and Hebei": "Come back from this mountain, come up from the south after crossing another mountain, and then go north-to my own town!" , they are interrelated. They must arrive at Wuxia from Sichuan dam, and then from Xiangyang to Luoyang. The word order cannot be reversed, but the relationship between sentences is that the next sentence follows the previous sentence to form a complex sentence, and the words used in these two sentences constitute duality. This duality is like running water, which flows from upstream to downstream, so it is called "running water pair".
Cross your hands: it is a defect in the antithesis of metrical poems. In a poem, the words used in a sentence are basically synonymous or completely synonymous, and the meanings of the upper and lower sentences are repeated, as if two palms are together, so this kind of confrontation is called "fighting". Crossing your hands is something you should avoid when fighting. In Wen Xin Diao Long, Liu Xie called this antithesis "positive antithesis", which is a poor antithesis. He made it clear in his article: "So, there are four pairs of kind words. Easier said than done; Opposition is superior and correctness is not good. " For example, the poem "First Arriving in Huangmei" in the Song Dynasty says: "Cold food will stop, and it is already late spring on the way". Ji Yun's "mistakes in the publication of Yingkui Law" commented: "On the way, immediately, in late spring, cold food, it is not easy to cross hands."