Most of Wang Wei's poems are "Zen without words and Zen with reason". The description of life in landscape gardens contains Zen, revealing the tranquil artistic conception with lively words, seeking quietness by moving, and expressing it with implicit music and implicit artistic techniques, with superb skills and profound philosophy. For example, as we all know, my retreat in Zhongnanshan:
After middle age, I have a strong kind heart, and I didn't settle down at the edge of Mount Zhongnan until my later years.
Interest concentration is often unique to play and have a happy thing to enjoy self-appreciation.
Sometimes go to the end of the water to seek the source, or sit and watch the ever-changing clouds rise.
Occasionally I met a village elder in the Woods, and I chatted with him until I often forgot to go home.
Later generations think that the couplet "I will walk to the water to check my path, and then sit and watch the rising clouds" is the most interesting famous sentence. Buddhism believes that all laws in the world are changes from birth to extinction. While looking at the flowing water, this couplet reveals that everything in the world is in the process of birth, aging, illness and death, and it is a dried-up Zen principle.
Zen in Wang Wei's poems is mainly manifested in the ethereal realm. Because his mind has been influenced by the purity and inaction of Buddhism since childhood, the landscapes and pastoral areas in his works are described as so peaceful, remote and ethereal. Between the lines, meditation and enlightenment are often revealed. Such as "Bamboo House":
I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming a song.
It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue.
The poet sat alone in the deep bamboo forest, playing the piano and whistling. No one knows his existence, but the bright moonlight accompanies him. What a quiet and lonely painting scene!
The poem "Chai Lu" also expresses this mentality:
No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard.
The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant.
The human language overheard in the lonely empty mountain, the sunset occasionally shines on the moss in the deep forest, which is used by the poet skillfully, giving us an unparalleled quiet interest far from the hubbub, which makes people memorable!
Another example is the Wu Xinyi cloud:
Wood powder is full of flowers, mountain red calyx;
The mouth of a stream is silent, without a trace. They open and fall.
"Bird Song Stream" cloud:
People are idle and osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and spring is empty;
When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream.
Hu Yinglin, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, said in the poem Six Chapters on Poetry that in two poems, Wu Xinyi and Bird Sound Creek, "I forgot my life, and all my thoughts were silent". Wu Xinyi, in particular, is a meditation work. You hit the nail on the head!
Zen in Wang Wei's poems is also manifested in the realm of no self. For example, "Play for Beauty" says:
Home is at the foot of Nanshan, and it's dying.
When you enter a bird, don't mess with the other person. You are blind when you see wild animals.
Xia Yun becomes a companion, and his clothes are empty and white.
Buddhism's thought of selflessness is quite consistent with China's philosophy of Zhuangzi, and it is easy to combine them. "Birds don't interfere with each other, and all animals meet." A couplet uses an allusion from Zhuangzi Sanmu: "If you enter a beast, you won't make trouble; if you enter a bird, you won't make trouble. Birds and beasts are not evil, what about people? " The word "blank" comes from "Zhuangzi on Earth": "Looking at people is empty, but fortunately." "Classic Interpretation": "(Jin) Sima (table) cloud:' Room, Yu Xin; If the heart can be empty, it is pure white. ""Used to describe a clean mental state.
Another poem by Wang Wei, Brothers in the Mountain, etc. , is the fusion of Buddhism and Taoism, showing the state of selflessness:
I lost myself in the mountains and was crowned as an adult.
Don't learn from Ji Kang's laziness, and raise Yuan Xian to be poor.
There are many households in the north and springs in the east.
Fate is false and sex is empty.
An Zhiguang Cheng Zi, not an old lady!
"I lost me" is a sentence quoted by Guo Zi in Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything. "Guang" is the canon of Zhuangzi Zaiyi, and Deming, Cheng and others all think that "Guang" is Laozi's posthumous title. "karma" and "sexual emptiness" are Buddhist terms. The Mahayana Sutra says: "All laws are empty, and there is no birth or extinction. Fate is called life, and fate is amazing. " "Hua Yan Jing" said: "The law is empty, nothing is taken, nothing is seen; Sexual emptiness is Buddha, so you can't think about it. "
Similarly, Wang Wei also wrote "Reward Li Jushi for surprisingly":
If the Nong family really goes, will it be decided with Nong?
The landing place is a lotus, which has no intention of turning into a willow.
The pine niche is wrapped in Tibetan medicine, and the stone lip is safe and mortar.
Smell when * * * know, that can not join hands!
"Lotus is everywhere", which means seeking Buddha. "Changing Willow" comes from "Zhuangzi Zhile": "Uncle Fen and Uncle Slippery view the Mingqiu, the Kunlun Mountain is empty, and the Yellow Emperor is buried. Suddenly Liu Sheng left elbow, which means evil. Uncle Qian said,' Is it evil?' Uncle Slippery said,' Die. For what evil! The living borrow it, and the living are filthy. Life and death are day and night. And when my son and I look at it, it turns to me, so what's wrong with me? ""Willow, embodies the natural migration. "Unintentionally inserted willows into the shade", that is, forget yourself and follow nature; It's in tune with Lotus on the Tower.
In his Introduction to the Origin of Buddhism in China, Mr. Lv Cheng said: After the idea of Nanzong, a Zen family, spread in Nanyue and Qingyuan, the meaning of Zen penetrated into the daily life of scholars, forming a fatalistic attitude. He also said: "The motivation of all actions of the Zen family is always upward, seeking the realm of life and death and living freely. Generally, they refuse to take the tortuous road, but directly grasp the root of becoming a Buddha. This root cause, what they realize, is the human mind, which can also be called the initial heart. " This free realm of pursuing the subject spirit lies in Wang Wei's Answering Zhang;
With the passage of time, please give me peace and get rid of all kinds of things.
I think that there is no brilliant strategy to serve the country, only to retire to the mountains and forests.
Wide wind, the wind in the shade, the moon shining on the right to play the piano.
You are very reasonable to the poor. Listen, there is a fisherman singing on the lake! !
In a word, the influence of Buddhist worldview on Wang Wei's poetry creation is remarkable, and the infiltration of Zen thought into his poetry artistic style is profound. It is precisely because of this that Wang Wei's later poems have an ethereal image and a quiet realm, showing a leisurely, cold and carefree interest. In the rising stage of the Tang Dynasty, Nanzong Zen advocated "enlightenment into Buddha", that is, relying on its own wisdom, getting to the point and suddenly understanding the truth of Buddhism, which was very suitable for the tastes of literati at that time. The expression of Zen meditation is often the language of image poetry. Therefore, when a Zen-obsessed poet and painter Wei transcends the secular world and devotes himself to artistic creation, the way of "epiphany" can often lead him to make a spiritual spark in generate, make a breakthrough in an instant, and enter a realm full of philosophical meaning and artistic interest.
Zen and painting are the two most prominent features of Wang Wei's poems. He was a famous landscape painter in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and was praised by later generations as the originator of "literati painting". He made outstanding contributions to the development of China's landscape painting. His poems have the most freehand brushwork effect and strong artistic charm. As Su Dongpo said in the book "Clouds and Rain in Lantian": "There are pictures in poetry, which are fascinating; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. "