See this classic article by Bai Yan, a famous contemporary poet for specific reasons;
The law of peace-on the reform of ancient poetry
Li ke
Abstract: I like poetry writing since I was a child, and I know more about the catchy stylistic requirements and rhythm of classical poetry. However, in the past, there were great differences in pronunciation between languages and factions. Today, with the popularization of Putonghua, modern poetry has emerged and become active. Personally, I think pure ancient poetry is difficult to revive, but it must not be discarded. But to change the structure, adapt to the society, realize the new words and ideas of ancient style, and inherit and carry forward the national culture!
Keywords: poetry; Flat; Rhythm; Ancient poetry; Song ci
China Library Classification Number: H058 Document Identification Number: A
Pingze, when you see or hear it, you think of Tang poetry and Song poetry. It makes sense, but it's unclear. Just like everyone who enters the school knows that poetry should follow the flat and even meter, but the teacher just said a "flat and even meter" formula. For such a vague but seemingly mysterious word, it seems that people in the literary world are more elusive and regard it as a treasure. They frequently discuss and argue, and they insist on putting out a "regulation" to show their talents. There are also many people who know something about Pingping and have doubts. My answer is: poetry is poetic and catchy, and it doesn't need too much patchwork. The most important thing is the artistic conception, and the excellent will last forever.
Why would I think that? First of all, I want to declare that although poetry is different from other styles, there is no unified theoretical boundary. Of course, poetry could have existed, but due to historical and practical reasons, it has not really formed. However, it has left many relics carefully formed by the founders of the system, and its classic is the so-called leveling today.
First, the origin of poetry and leveling
1 the origin of poetry
Poetry has no real origin, or it originated from ancient times, because it is not a deliberate creation, but an unintentional nature in life, and a rhythmic language form produced by the narration of life, emotion, religion and truth. "Shangshu Yu Shu" said: "Poetry expresses ambition, song expresses ambition, sound is eternal, law and harmony." The Book of Rites also said: "Poetry expresses ambition; Song, chanting its voice; Dance, move its capacity; The three are based on the heart, and then the instrument follows it. " It can be seen that there is no so-called format at the beginning of the poem, which is free, not to mention the level of lock.
2. The origin of leveling.
There is no need to determine the origin of poetry because the genre boundary is vague and it is impossible to record it in ancient times. As for the plain origin, it is purely artificial. In the feudal society, which pays attention to "there is no strict law in the world", people began to deliberately look for or reveal the laws of poetry ("two Tang poems" and "rhyme"). Of course, in a society with only literature, it is understandable to form and promulgate the law of equality and equality for the need of selecting talents. But it was formed according to the needs of the society at that time. Unfortunately, at the beginning of its formation, because of the long history and complicated system of poetry, one language (nine tones in Cantonese) and a hundred schools of thought appeared, which changed from the initial four tones to yin and yang (flat). However, from beginning to end, hundred schools of thought stood on the side of specialized research, each holding its own end, especially the Song Ci School, and the pursuit of peace was even more complicated and profound (maybe it was similar to now, but we didn't recreate the law, and we didn't even know their law). Since then, poetry has been entangled in the law firm until it is vague, and even gradually dimmed for other reasons. Those who seldom study poetry argue endlessly for equality.
Moreover, the flat rhyme of modern poetry was also summarized by Liu Yuan in the Southern Song Dynasty on the basis of previous poems, and it is only a rough * * * nature, that is, there are poems before there are laws. It is impossible for the poems of predecessors to be written in strict accordance with the horizontal rhyme created by later generations!
From this perspective, the so-called law has never been necessary, and it is even more unnecessary in today's society. So there is no need to pursue leveling too much.
Second, it seems that there is a law, but it is impossible.
1 is against the old law.
When we look at a specific poem, even a comment, it seems to be in strict accordance with the rules and catchy (no examples here). But in fact, this is not the case. Although it's hard to say, it comes from poetry, which is consistent with many poems. The key is to look at the level of poetry that does not meet. When we look at excellent poems or everyone's works, if we take the initiative to compare them, it is not difficult to find that there are many works with or without lyrics. Take Li Bai's seven-character quatrain "Answering laity in the mountains" as an example;
I asked what I meant by living in the blue mountains, but I laughed without answering my heart.
Peach blossoms are opening, and it is another world.
It is easy to see that this poem rhymes with the first sentence. Now compare the level and level of this poem with that in table 1:
Table 1: Comparison of levels and levels of answer customs in the mountains
The first, second, third and fourth sentences
The original method of leveling is leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling, leveling. Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping?
China's new rhyme is Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping.
As can be seen from the table 1, this poem does not follow the rhyme of flat and even tones, but it is very famous and is a masterpiece of everyone. At this point, some people may say that there is no redemption. If you save it, or you can't explain it, you can't "create" a new theory. Theories emerge one after another, but they have long lost the meaning of poetry. There are countless examples of this. In fact, everyone knows that this is not in line with Pingping's poems, but they just don't give up or think that this is academic supremacy. Actually, it is not. The key to poetry lies in artistic conception. I would like to ask all the good sentences handed down are basically masterpieces of the master on a whim. They don't have time, and they won't let go of their interest to think about leveling.
No need for new rhymes.
As for China's new rhyme, the ancient poems naturally don't conform to it, but the appearance of the new rhyme is too complicated, and he deliberately pursues "the rhyme of the new publication of benevolence". I won't discuss it. As for the list in table 1, I just want to explain that it is really unnecessary. Can't we appreciate the beauty of ancient poetry and keep it in mind? Besides, not to mention that future generations will not comply. If it is really popular, how can future generations who only know the new rhyme evaluate and appreciate the beauty of Tang and Song poems? It just adds more confusion to the level-shifting rhythm for future generations.
Third, the rise of modern poetry.
Why do you talk about modern poetry when you talk about poetry? This is because it is closely related. Firstly, the rise of modern poetry is in sharp contrast with the decline of classical poetry. Secondly, the decline of ancient poetry can be diagnosed from the rise of modern poetry. Modern poetry, which originated in the late Qing Dynasty and developed with the New Culture Movement, was named after 1953 founded the "Modern Poetry Society".
1 whether it is down or up.
First of all, it is stated that modern poetry is not a foreign poem, but a vernacular translation of foreign poetry, so I won't say much here. However, it happened to be the period when classical poetry declined. At this time, people gradually gave up the ancient poetry which was suppressed by the lines of Pingze poetry, and chose modern poetry which was not constrained by meter and rhythm, so that it developed rapidly and occupied the mainstream. There are many styles of modern poetry, including some metrical poems and rhyming poems, but the overall form is free and the connotation is rich, which is more important than rhetoric. Compared with ancient poems, although they are all made for feeling things, they are all reflections of the soul, but they completely break through the characteristics of ancient poems, which are "gentle and sincere, mourning without complaining" and emphasize the freedom, openness, frankness and communication between feeling and invisibility. This is also the reason why modern poetry is accepted by the public and mainstream literature.
2 Charm is undiminished
However, it is not difficult for us to find that although there are many modern poems that we are familiar with, such as "First, it is better not to meet, so that we can not fall in love …" and "You stand on the bridge and watch the scenery, and the scenery people are watching you upstairs. The bright moon decorated your window, and you decorated other people's dreams. " Wait a minute. However, there is nothing more pleasing than "hold your hand and grow old with your son" or "iron shoes can't find a place to go, they can get it without effort" This shows that the sentence patterns and rhymes of ancient poems are more suitable for China culture and have subtle charm. It's just that I'm too concerned about leveling and other reasons to make a masterpiece now!
Fourthly, about the development of contemporary poetry.
To discuss how to change and develop, first of all, what is the purpose of poetry and leveling?
For those who read poetry, poetry is all the lyrics in life, and the rhythm is for catchy singing. Therefore, there is no need to pursue strict rules and regulations in poetry, because poets don't know how to achieve uniformity. As long as the artistic conception is beautiful, it forms a * * * sound and rhymes smoothly.
For those who write poetry, we hope that poetry will enter the public and serve the public. We can't shut people out because of the imperfection and prosaic theory of tradition. We should take prosaic as the standard for evaluating poetry, and call people who like music but are not satisfied with prosaic as garbage, which makes people feel unattainable and daunting. So I dare not and don't want to engage in poetry creation! Needless to say, even the lines are not born poetic, but later put on a coat.
As can be seen from the above discussion, leveling is a product of the times, not a magic weapon. The format of ancient poetry is still irreplaceable in people's minds. In order to seek development, we must abandon our shortcomings, develop our advantages, throw away unrealistic levels, put down heavy burdens, push aside stumbling blocks, and let ancient poetry return to its original position. It will gradually be favored by creators and get due attention and development.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
To sum up, I am in favor of rhythm, not level. The sentence patterns and artistic conception of ancient poetry are never out of date, but excellent creators and beautiful, appropriate and meaningful poems are rare. Compared with the rise of modern poetry, it is found that the fundamental reason for the decline of ancient poetry lies in the heavy locks imposed by dynasties such as Pingze. However, when we savor the ancient poems, we find that what we write down, appreciate and use is not their flat meter, but their beautiful melody and enduring artistic conception. Therefore, in order to inherit and carry forward the excellent culture of China, we must face it squarely, seek truth from facts, and let go of the burden, so as to understand the true meaning of ancient poetry, continue to carry forward and create immortal masterpieces! For Pingping, it is purely the history of poetry development. It can be regarded as history, but it can't be read carefully!
References:
[1] Zhang Wenxun. History of White Literature: Revised Edition [M]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 1983: 254.
[2] Paragraph. China folk poetry meter [M]. Beijing: Peking University Publishing House, 199 1: 523.
[3] Wang Li. China's poetics [M]. 2nd edition. Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press, 1987: 6.
[4] Ren Mingshan. A brief history of Chinese phonetics [M]. Zhengzhou: Henan People's Publishing House, 1984: 87.
Date of receipt: 20 1 1-08-30.
About the author: Li Ke (1985-), pen name Bai Yan. Male, a native of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, is a famous contemporary poet, and has written poems such as Mo Yu.