Liu Kezhuang - "All the Rivers Are Red"
The night rain was very cool, and suddenly the soldiers came to the rescue with golden armor and swords. It is recorded that the camp gate was first established that day. Grinding the nose of the shield, waving a thousand pieces of paper, the dragon and snake are still wet, the iron horse is neighing, the camp wall is cold, and the building boat is crossing the wind and waves at night. Who can pity the general who has an ape-like arm? There is no level in heaven? When the army is in peace, it's better to join the army; when it's all scattered, it's a waste of time to clean up. Review the "Tea Classic" and "Xiang Chuan" from time to time. I am afraid that guests will talk about Yusai affairs, so I teach my children to recite "Huajian Collection". I lamented that my ministers were not as strong as others, how can they be compared now! This poem is one of the representative works of Liu Kezhuang, a patriotic poet in the late Southern Song Dynasty. It is quite unique in writing. The first part is written about the past, written from the front, with a bold and vigorous style; the second part is written about today, purely written in reverse, with a depressing and melancholy style. The use of forced contrast is extremely contagious. "Jin Jia Xuan Ge, remember that the camp gate was first established on that day." The two sentences are inverted sentences. According to the normal word order, they should be "Remember that day, Jin Jia Xuan Ge, the camp gate was first established." The author's purpose is to highlight the majestic appearance of "Jin Jia Xuan Ge". Therefore, the beginning of the poem clearly and abruptly shows his excitement when he first joined the army, as well as various exciting scenes. The gate of the camp was opened for the first time, and the iron armor was flying. The poet was so energetic and majestic at this time! "Grinding the nose of a shield, waving a thousand pieces of paper, the dragon and the snake are still wet." Grinding ink on the nose button of the shield further shows the urgency of the military situation at that time and his talent. He drafted military documents with flying pen, and in a matter of seconds, thousands of pieces of paper were written. The paper is ready, but the writing on the dragon-snake trend is not yet dry! "Iron horses neigh at dawn and the walls of the camp are cold, and buildings and boats sail through the wind and waves at night." At dawn, the cold air invades people, and the armored horses have already neighed and rushed to the battlefield; in the dark night, the wind howls, the roaring waves surge, and the tall warships are Rush to cross. These two sentences vividly describe the thrilling scenes of the Jin soldiers' invasion of the south and the Song army's resistance. "Who can pity the one-armed general who has no merit?" Jin Bing retreated. Instead of receiving any reward, he was slandered and forced to resign. "The one-armed general" refers to the Han general Li Guangshi. "Historical Records. "The Biography of General Li" records that Li Guang in the Han Dynasty was good at shooting with his ape arms, that is, his arms were as long as an ape and could move freely. He participated in more than 70 battles against the Huns and was called the "Flying General of the Han" by the Huns. However, he was never awarded a title based on merit. The author uses Li Guang's own situation and asks angrily: Who can sympathize with this kind of injustice? The anger is beyond words. The second film uses a series of counter-narratives to express the depressing feelings of having no way to serve the country and a hero sitting in old age. "Pingrong policy" refers to the strategy and plan to defeat the enemy. "Joining the Army" refers to poetic works describing military career. Now that people have been abandoned, what is the use of keeping these things? I had no choice but to let it get lost and not bother to clean it up. The country was in dire straits, but he had nothing to do, so he had to "review from time to time" readings such as "The Book of Tea" and "The Legend of Tianxiang" to pass the time. Why is the poet "afraid of talking about Yusai affairs with guests"? Because the border defense situation in the Southern Song Dynasty was getting more and more serious at that time, and the rulers were still drunk and dreaming, and the patriotic people had no way out, talking about this was in vain and sad. Yusai refers to an important border defense area. "Flower Room Collection" is a collection of poems compiled and selected by Zhao Chongzuo, a native of the Later Shu Dynasty. It is a work of cutting red and carving green. As a patriotic poet, he "has a rough understanding of the national customs", and is ashamed to learn from the orioles. He never gets involved in the spring grudges of boudoir love" ("Poppy. Feelings after hearing the song at the table"), but now he writes "Guan Sui" "Huajian Ji" to teach the next generation. This shows that in the face of the sharp conflict between ideal and reality, the poet seems to be extremely pessimistic. The last two sentences: "I sigh that I am not as strong as others, how can I be like this now!" Using the words of the ancients to express his own feelings, he is full of complaints and anger. The contrast between the upper and lower parts of this poem is extremely sharp. The first film, from "Golden Armor and Fire" to "A boat sailing through the stormy sea at night", recalls the life in the military camp in the past, with intense and heartfelt emotions. Starting from "Who has pity for the old general with ape arms", there is a sudden turn, writing about the desolation, depression and depression of the strong man. The next part is purely grumbling, written with laughter and anger, pretending to be open-minded, but an air of injustice permeates the lines. The poet wrote that he put aside his "martial arts" and read the "Tea Classic" in class, and did not talk about personal matters with the guests. He taught his children to recite "Flower Room", chanted the wind and admired the moon. It seemed that he was willing to consume all the heat of life. In fact, , it can be seen from the word order that ups and downs can touch the heart, which shows the pain in his heart. It can be seen from this that although the tone used in the second film is casual and tactful, it actually reveals more deeply the sadness and anger of the heroes of that era who had no way to serve the country. This poem has a broad artistic conception, a powerful style, a tight but unpredictable structure, clear and intricate context, a generous but not depressed, a tragic but not decadent, full of positive patriotism, and has become a term handed down from generation to generation.