Chinese teaching advocates the goal of unity of humanity and instrumentality, so we should not only teach children learning methods in daily teaching, but more importantly, let them be influenced by thoughts, emotions and quality. In the long-term teaching, influenced by traditional educational ideas, children in primary school have weak autonomous learning ability and are always in intensive training for students' learning. Whether it is literacy, writing or reading, it is a full-time teaching mode, which seems to enable students to achieve the teachers' expected goals. Don't you know that today, when quality education is advocated, this teaching method is really backward and unrealistic, which greatly limits students' ideological personality and hinders students' full play of their potential. Therefore, in the teaching activities in recent years, I have been trying to change my old-fashioned teaching methods. Put students in the "main body" position of education and teaching, return the classroom to students, fully let them show their talents and improve their interest in learning. Change passive learning into active learning; Mechanical learning is flexible learning; Study hard for happiness. It is on the premise of this idea that I pay attention to grasping a project to do experiments as a breakthrough in teaching and then extending it to other projects. In recent years, from grade one to grade three, I have been focusing on the topic of "cultivating reading ability in Chinese teaching in primary schools" After repeated practice, it has achieved initial results.
First, carefully design the introduction before class to stimulate students' interest in reading.
As the saying goes, a good article can arouse readers' interest in reading, just like meeting a good meal, which makes you salivate and enjoy it beautifully. In the same way, a good reading guide, like adding spices, can arouse students' great interest in reading. Pupils have a curiosity about everything and a persistent desire for knowledge. I will grasp their psychology, carefully design a reading guide for reading the text, and actively improve their interest in learning. For example, I am teaching the text "Rain". I led the students and said, "You have all seen the rain. "Rain" is something we are all familiar with. It has always been with our lives, just like our good friends, no one can live without anyone. But do you know what the weather is like when it rains? How's the wind? What is the rain like? How do crops wait for these scenes? Do you want to know? " The students all replied enthusiastically: "Yes". So I said, "Well, today we are going to learn a text about writing' Rain'. This paper introduces these knowledge in detail. Would you please read the text with your own ability and seek the answer? " As soon as the voice fell, the students read the text happily, and combined with a large number of pictures, the whole class was full and rich. The child feels very enjoyable and happy. After the test, the child will master the key points and difficulties. It seems that this dish has worked.
Second, step by step, from shallow to deep.
Primary school students' interest in learning is very important, which is the internal motivation and key for students to learn knowledge. Reasonable reading requirements should be suitable for students' age characteristics and knowledge level. Too deep will dampen children's enthusiasm for learning, too shallow will easily lead to children's impetuousness. Therefore, I follow the educational policy of "step by step" in teaching. When reading the text in Grade One, I only ask my children to read a sentence with the help of Pinyin. I will praise and encourage them to express the meaning of a sentence in their own words. In the second grade, I asked students not only to read and understand a sentence, but also to punctuate the sentence accurately, have some feelings, and understand the meaning of a sentence more accurately in their own words. In the third grade, I put forward higher requirements, requiring students to read a paragraph or even an article through sentence linking. Be able to understand the relationship between sentences. Can understand the author's feelings in clauses and sentences. This is gradual, and different requirements are put forward in different periods. Over time, students can read sentence by sentence and understand the whole content. This step-by-step teaching method unconsciously exercises the children's ability, which makes this ability appear in the future study and reflect it incisively and vividly.
Third, intensive reading of spoken English, reading out emotions.
In teaching activities, what students are most opposed to is the teacher's endless teaching and teaching. Just like a mother who nags her children repeatedly, the children will have rebellious psychology and generally fail to achieve the expected results. Therefore, when I speak the text, I try to read as much as possible. In the whole teaching activity, I only play a supporting role, not a leading role, only a director, not an actor, and only teach children how to understand the text. I don't replace the children's subjective consciousness. When it comes to reading the text, I only guide children to understand the difficult key sentences and paragraphs. Easy-to-understand sentences are enough for children to read and repeat, so that they can understand their feelings and meanings. I am free to read the text, so that students can read, doubt and solve problems by themselves. When they encounter difficulties, let them talk to each other, communicate with each other and evaluate each other first, and then I will give appropriate instructions. In this way, students' interest in learning has been fully exerted, their subjective initiative in learning has been improved, their knowledge level and ability have been sublimated accordingly, and the teaching task has been relaxed and enjoyable. Create artistic conception and understand the author's thoughts and feelings.
Fourth, reading orientation.
No matter what teaching form, it is inseparable from the text, because the text is the basis of learning, the premise of reading training and the source of all training. Taking reading as an opportunity, we can use different forms of reading to penetrate into reading training, grasp key words and experience the role of words in expressing emotions, thus promoting reading. So as to gradually realize the sentence emotion and the author's writing intention in reading aloud. Reading promotes enlightenment, reading aloud in various forms. After reading the text, I began to analyze it. On the basis of feelings, I will further penetrate my own understanding and analysis of the text, teach various learning methods, understand the meaning behind sentence expression, and appreciate the expression direction of text emotion. Talk about your own analysis of sentences and write your own feelings and thoughts. Respect the children's personality interpretation, don't mechanically buckle the standard answers on the students' heads, just be reasonable, and try to talk and communicate with children on an equal footing in learning.
In short, there are many methods of reading training, which need us to discover, accumulate and practice in long-term teaching activities in order to find the most ideal method.
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How to talk about feelings with practice in primary school Chinese reading
The practical problem-solving skills of modern Chinese reading should be divided into three steps: the first step is to read the full text and grasp the main idea. The first step is to clarify the thinking of the article. In the final analysis, every paragraph and sentence of the article is to clarify the center and return to the main idea of the article. Usually, we should learn to bid for articles, summarize the meaning of each paragraph and summarize the central idea. Often effective. Second, we should find and understand the key words in the article. Especially those words that reflect the author's position and viewpoint, reflect the profound content of the article, have rich connotations and vivid images. In particular, the central idea of the article is often implied in the opening sentence, ending sentence, independent paragraph sentence, figurative sentence, serial sentence, turning sentence and lyric discussion sentence. Don't rush to do the problem, be sure to read the article twice before getting to the point. Read and browse quickly for the first time, absorb the general meaning of each paragraph, establish an overall understanding of the article, and focus on solving a problem-what is the selected article written? The second intensive reading, read every sentence carefully, try to figure out and understand some important sentences and paragraphs, and have a certain understanding of the main idea of the article. Draw words, sentences and paragraphs that play a connecting role in the structure of the article, and draw the central sentence of each paragraph, paying special attention to the beginning and end of the paragraph. These words are often key words that need to be studied when answering questions. Find important words to further understand the ideas and structural levels of the article. (3) Have a sense of style in your heart and find out the sentences that make the dragon shine at the moment. As a philosophical prose, there are always some argumentative and lyrical sentences in narration and description. When reading, we must be good at grasping lyric sentences to grasp the meaning of the text, and pay special attention to lyric comments at the end of the article, which is often the theme of the full text. Remember: haste makes waste. Be sure to read the article before doing the problem, and resolutely put an end to skimming. The second step is to carefully examine the questions. The key to doing subjective questions in modern Chinese reading by directional scanning lies in accurate examination. If you grasp the key to the examination, you can find the key to the answer. The examination of modern text reading is to carefully analyze the stem and grasp the requirements of the topic, that is, to grasp all kinds of information related to the answer contained in the stem. This is the first and most critical step to answer the question. The stem of the question generally consists of two parts, one is the words of the author and the other is the words of the proposer. The purpose of setting the stem is mainly to limit the content of the answer; At the same time, in order to prevent candidates from being at a loss, proposers often prompt the position of the answer content in the text in the stem of the question, and even limit it to which paragraph or sentence. In this way, you can find out the points of each question according to the tips of the stem, and lock the answer interval, which is specific to paragraphs, sentences and words. As long as we find the relevant areas in the original text, carefully ponder the meaning of the context, accurately grasp the key words and accurately grasp the relevant information of the answers, the answers to most questions can be found in the original text. Remember: the stem prompts the answer range, specifies the answer angle, provides the answer idea, implies the answer information, and embodies the answer law. The third step is to screen the combination and express that the reading of literary works is mostly subjective, and its stem can not only show the area of answering questions, but also show the way of answering questions. We should answer questions from the perspective of the "question" of the presenter, and answer any questions if there are any, so that the answers are sufficient, in place, accurate and organized. When integrating, we must ensure the fluency of the text. Remember: 1 and find out the attitude or tendency in the stem. If the stem of the question is in a negative form, take the answer method of reverse first and then correct to avoid missing the main points; If your question is in a positive form, use a positive answer. 2. Find out the composition form of the stem language and determine the answer language form. The structure of stem is an external form of expression, which implies what the meaning of a sentence is made of. The analysis structure can prompt candidates how to organize the language when answering questions. 3. Finding out the author's words and the proposer's words in the topic are generally the objects that students should understand and analyze, and the proposer's words generally play a role in guiding students to clearly answer the key points or provide restrictive conditions. 4. Change implication into directness and differentiation into generalization. Modern Chinese reading materials in NMET are mostly prose, and the language is not only rich in connotation, but also attaches great importance to artistic skills. Some are subtle and euphemistic, some are vivid and delicate, and some are specific. Sentences with these characteristics have always been the focus of the college entrance examination. When organizing the answer, we should first integrate the relevant information in the text to find out the similarities and differences of the information conveyed by the relevant paragraphs in the original text, and then use the concrete and visualized sentences with the same information in the text to transform these concrete and visualized languages into abstract and summarized languages, which is the mandatory answer. 5. Select, refine and integrate sentences from the original text. The purpose of modern text reading is to master and understand the information that the author wants to convey in the text. Therefore, we should understand the work according to the author's thinking and find the answer from the original text. But it is not extracted directly, sometimes it is rewritten on the basis of words or sentences in the article, and sometimes it is necessary to consider the whole text and extract relevant information from each paragraph for integration. This kind of questions appear most in the college entrance examination. In addition, we should also find out the common noun terms in the test questions. Expressions, commonly used expressions are narrative, description, discussion, lyric, explanation and so on. Writing skills, candidates should be clear, the narrow sense of writing skills is "expression", and the broad sense refers to all writing skills, such as expression, rhetoric, suppression before promotion, symbol, straight to the point, expressing ambition and so on. Commonly used rhetorical devices include metaphor, personification, repetition, exaggeration, parallelism, antithesis, contrast, rhetorical questions and so on. Language features generally refer to easy-to-understand spoken language, rigorous and elegant written language, vivid image and emotional literary language. When analyzing, it is generally analyzed from rhetoric. Feeling refers to feeling, understanding and comprehension from the heart. Explanatory text of types, things and reasons (content perspective); A simple and vivid exposition (language expression angle). Explaining methods generally include examples, classification, data list, comparison, definition, explanation, analogy, drawing charts, imitation, etc. (generally three words). Descriptive order, chronological order (program order), spatial order, logical order. When answering questions, candidates can be more specific, such as: spatial order (from top to bottom, from inside to outside, etc. ), logical order (results first, reasons later, step by step, etc. The object of explanation refers to the main person or thing explained in the article (generally, it is not necessary to answer the characteristics of people or things). Demonstration methods, reasonable argumentation, factual argumentation, comparative argumentation, figurative argumentation and reduction to absurdity required by middle schools. Demonstration mode, demonstration and refutation. Theoretical arguments, including famous sayings, proverbs, formula laws, etc. Factual arguments, all facts, historical facts, data, etc. Concise and concise sentences are generally limited by the number of words. Decent, civilized, polite and humanized. What's the role? The function or benefit of answering something in the article can be considered from three aspects. The first is the content, such as deepening the theme and emphasizing feelings; Second, the structure, such as transition and echo; Third, language, such as fascinating and lively. Ideological nature basically refers to the central idea or theme of an article. Thoughts and feelings, the ideological tendency shown by the author or characters in his works, such as good and evil, likes and dislikes, praise and criticism, etc. The above-mentioned "common terms" secretly examine students' language foundation and are also the points for assigning topics. Candidates can understand it, which can cure the problem of "answering irrelevant questions" well. The first step of the five-step method of poetry appreciation is to see what kind of poetry it is (divided into realism and romanticism by means of expression, pastoral poetry and frontier poetry by content, etc. Poetry of Tang and Song Dynasties is generally used in ancient poetry, and lyric poetry can be divided into lyrical scenery, expressing feelings for the past and expressing ambitions. Writing lyric poems about scenery is mainly to grasp the relationship between scenery and emotion; Generally speaking, to grasp the relationship between the ancient and the present, it can be used to describe the present or satirize it; The first step is to understand the relationship between things and ambitions, and express ambitions by what things are. The second step is to go to the second half of the poem and find the center of the poem (the author wants to express his feelings and heartfelt wishes). The third step is to look at the first half of the poem and think about what images are written, what pictures these images constitute, what characteristics these pictures have and what role they play in the center of the poem (this is actually the blending of scenes, that is, the grasp of artistic conception). The fourth step is to achieve five must-see: ① Must-see the topic (the topic is often the eye of the poem or the central event, which helps to understand the content of the poem); (2) Be sure to meet the author (know the world and the author's style); 3 must-read notes (you can understand the emotional tone of poetry, difficult knowledge allusions, and sometimes the answers are among them); 4 must-see famous sentences (central sentences and poetic eyes are often here. Poetry appreciation is often the appreciation of famous sentences); (5) Be sure to look at the stem of the question (the stem of the question is very directional, so be sure to look at the requirements clearly, and be sure to answer with the content and stem of the original poem, and not explain the concept in an empty way. Answers must be targeted and directional, and it is very important to ask, answer, ask and give. The fifth step is to see what skills are used in poetry, so that it is easy to appreciate ancient poetry. Generally, the expression program can be used when organizing writing: what kind of poem is this, what kind of scenery the poet absorbed to form what kind of picture scroll (or what kind of image description), and what kind of thoughts and feelings the poet contains from it. In terms of artistic features, what expressive techniques are mainly used and what expressive effects are achieved. Or put it this way: this poem uses the technique of (expression, rhetoric, expression), writes the characteristics of (image), shows (highlights) (certain) thoughts and feelings, and plays a (certain) role. The secret of high score in composition is 1. Practice reviewing questions, especially philosophical propositions involving dialectical relations, and learn their profound connotations in depth. The more detailed, accurate and thorough the examination, the wider, deeper and smoother the thinking, and the greater the grasp. Understand the nature of the topic and find out what it wants from us. When reading materials is difficult, such as poetry materials, if you can't read them, just put them aside and grasp the topic to think. As a last resort, it is better to use "topic" as the topic of composition directly, instead of no topic or making up a topic. Whether the material says "things" or "things" must be related to "people". 2. Keep in mind the standards. What is a good article? Condensed into eight words: "profound, rich, literary and innovative." Remember these four rulers, and your composition level will be very high. Of course, due to computer marking, we should pay special attention to the aesthetic feeling of writing. 3. Strengthen rational thinking. How can we make our articles more profound, broader, more innovative and more inspiring? (1) Use vertical thinking to see the essence of things through phenomena and the reasons through results. The best ideological weapon is philosophy, which is to learn and understand wisely and be indispensable. Why do you say that those who are close to ink are not necessarily black? External cause is the condition of change, and internal cause is the basis of change. Why do you say that roses are judged by flowers rather than thorns? Flowers are the mainstream and thorns are the tributaries. Why can't the intimacy of feelings affect the depth of right and wrong cognition? Emotion and reason, right and wrong, truth and fallacy, sensibility and reason involve the epistemology of dialectical materialism. (2) Using lateral thinking, from point to surface, we can broaden our thinking, from time to space, from ancient times to China and foreign countries, and then look at society and ourselves. Are you still worried that you can't find the best conception angle? (3) Whether the viewpoint is enlightening is another important factor to open the grade of the article. What people say is a cliche, and it is boring. That's clear water, which is "Chen Yan". With enlightenment, we can talk about meaning, artistic conception and connotation. If you want to write an enlightening point of view, there is a very important skill that is often used, and that is analogical reasoning. Of course, this is also one way or another. The key to successful application is to grasp the similarities between them, otherwise it will cause complications. 4. What should I do to strengthen the material reserve? Mainly in four aspects: (1) own life. First, be true (don't make it up); Second, it must be connotative, distinctive, tasteful and original, so as to ensure that it will not crash like others; Third, we should have a deep understanding of this living material. (2) knowledge and insight. Prepare more materials from four aspects: science, literature, philosophy and aesthetics, not asking for more, but refining. (3) social hot spots, media focus, domestic and foreign information. High viewpoint, broad vision, new materials and great significance are valuable materials. First, to ensure the truth, hearsay can't be done; Second, we must grasp the size of the choice. It is best to quote information materials with accurate time, place, name and data to make them more convincing. (4) Famous sayings, aphorisms and aphorisms. This is the essence of thought, the model of language and the cultural wealth enjoyed by all mankind. If it can be used accurately and properly, it will undoubtedly add color to the article and play the role of making the finishing point. 5. Practice language, skills and literature. The upper level of literary talent is sincerity, naturalness, grace, wit and humor. I speak my mind and I write my mouth by hand. When you narrate, express your feelings and discuss, your knowledge, knowledge, personality, cultivation, interest and charm also flow out at the same time. This is what you said, and this is literary talent. 6. Strive for innovation. From conception to design, the selection of materials is unexpected and reasonable. People do not have me, people have my advantages, people dislike me, and people tend to avoid me. Without reverse thinking and multi-directional thinking, it is difficult to break through the mindset and stereotyped writing. When reciting famous sayings and aphorisms, you should learn to classify and summarize your memories.
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How do pupils do reading well?
1. Reading is the key. Generally speaking, there are two situations for students to do reading comprehension. Some people are used to reading the materials before reading the questions, while others are used to reading the questions before looking back at the materials. These two methods are ways to find the answer. But as far as my understanding of students' reading comprehension questions is concerned, generally speaking, I think it is better to read the reading materials first, because it is the most important thing to study the reading materials carefully and perceive the contents of the reading materials as a whole. Learning and reading the original text, we can perceive the original text as a whole, because the answers to all reading comprehension exercises are revealed or hidden in the original text. This is a general principle to solve reading problems. If you have such a clear consciousness, you won't worry about not finding the answer when you answer the question. On the contrary, if you look at the topic first and then at the material, you will be preconceived when you do the purpose of the topic. If you can't grasp the material as a whole, especially some questions that need you to correctly understand and judge the meaning of the full text, you are more likely to be negatively affected. Therefore, reading is the key first step to solve the problem, which cannot be ignored or omitted. Understand the original, get twice the result with half the effort. On the contrary, there will be partial answers, missed answers, wrong answers and wrong answers. After reading the article, you should be able to make clear the theme and the author's love and hate; Only on the basis of overall perception, understand the general idea of the article and grasp the main points of the article can we accurately answer the sentences in the article. Second, grasp the definition of keywords In the test paper, there are often questions about the meaning of keywords in the text or looking for synonyms and antonyms. Generally, we should combine the literal and context of words to answer accurately. When analyzing the function of key sentences in the text, we can think from two aspects, the first is the structure, and the second is the way of content expression. In terms of structure, it should be clear that sentences have different functions in different positions. For example, in general, key sentences are at the beginning of an article, which often has the function of drawing the full text and leading to the following. In the middle of an article or paragraph, it emphasizes or highlights, or echoes the above, or connects the preceding with the following. At the end of the article, it often plays the role of pointing out the theme, taking care of the beginning and deepening the theme. From the aspect of content expression, if a sentence uses rhetorical devices, it can be answered from the function of rhetorical devices, such as using metaphor and personification to make the article vivid, using repetitive rhetorical devices to emphasize, and using juxtaposition rhetorical devices to enhance the momentum of the article. When there are questions about reading the original text or enlightenment in the test paper, you should be able to write your true feelings according to your reading feelings and combined with the questions or key sentences of the original text. Third, solve the problem step by step. Carelessness and missing questions are common mistakes made by our primary school students when answering reading comprehension questions, because there are usually several sub-topics arranged together behind reading comprehension. At this time, you need to be patient and "speak like a book." After carefully examining the questions, you should answer them one by one in the order of the questions, and don't miss the answer. Also, because of the arrangement of questions, it is generally easy first and then difficult, so you should understand it first. Therefore, we can get the test paper in the order of questions. However, if you can't answer at the moment, don't stop and waste your time. You can make a mark, finish all the questions and come back to solve them one by one. In short, there are rules to follow in reading comprehension. As long as you carefully understand the meaning of the question in reading and follow certain reading ideas and problem-solving methods, you can get twice the result with half the effort and get the ideal effect.