Yu Li
Li Yu, one of the four flags of graceful and restrained school, is a medium-sized "mourning Sect". He is good at calligraphy, painting, melody, poetry and writing, especially at words. The content can be mainly divided into two categories: the first category was written before the Song Dynasty, which mainly reflected the palace life and the love between men and women, and the subject matter was narrow; The second category is that after the Song Dynasty, Li Yu wrote with the grief of national subjugation and his own feelings. The achievements of his works in this period far exceeded those in the previous period, which can be described as "masterpieces". Young Beauty, Waves on the Sand, Crying at Night, Meeting Happiness, etc. At this time, everything is done. Most of the ci works in this period are based on sadness, mainly describing the scene of dreaming back through the barrier and expressing infinite nostalgia for the past. Li Yu occupies an important position in the history of China's Ci, and is known as the "Emperor of Ci", which has a great influence on later generations. He inherited the tradition of Huajian poets since the late Tang Dynasty, but through the concrete and sensible personality image, he reflected some universal artistic conception in real life, promoted the creation of Ci, and expanded the field of expression of Ci. Li Yuwen is rich in writing, poetry, books and painting. His ci poems are mainly included in two major ci poems in the Southern Tang Dynasty.
The life of the character
Li Yu, formerly known as Li, is a brave man. Later, it was renamed Li Yu, which means "the day of the day is Yu, and the night of the month is Yu". According to historical records, he is the sixth son of Yuan Zong Li Jing in the Southern Tang Dynasty. He is good at writing, painting and calligraphy, and is rich in forehead, teeth and eyes. Because the second to fifth sons of Li Jing all died early, Li Hongji, Li Yu's eldest brother, was actually the second son when he was the Crown Prince. Li Hongji was "suspicious". At that time, Li Yu, who was steady, was afraid of Li Hongji's suspicion and did not dare to participate in politics. During this period, he once called himself Zhong You, a hermit in Zhongfeng and a layman in Lianfeng, indicating that his interest lies in the beautiful mountains and rivers, and he has no intention of competing with his elder brother. In 959 AD, Li Hongji killed his uncle Li Jingsui (Li Jingsui said he would die with his brother at the beginning of his reign), so he was killed by Li Jing. After Li Hongji's death, Li Jing wanted to make Li Yu a prince. Zhong Mo said, "I am timid and self-respecting, but I believe in explaining my family background, not my talents. Being kind, courageous and dignified, it is appropriate to be an heir. " Excavate was furious, made an excuse, demoted Zhong You as a national son, exiled to Raozhou, made Li Yu a prince, a minister and a politician, and let him live in the East Palace. 96 1, in the second year of song dynasty, Li Jing moved to Nanchang, made Li Yu the crown prince, and left him in Jinling. Li Jing died in June and Li Yu ascended the throne in Jinling. Li Yu is "sexually arrogant and extravagant, good at sensuality, and likes to show off. He talks loudly and doesn't care about political affairs." Liyu calligraphy
In 973, Song Taizu ordered Li Yu to go to Kaifeng, but he refused to go because of illness. Song Taizu then sent Cao Bin to attack Nantang. In 9741February, Cao Bin conquered Jinling. After fifteen years in office, he was called Li Houzhu and the Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty. In 975 AD, the queen came out naked, was captured in Bianjing, and was made an imperial army. Emperor Taizong ascended the throne and became the Duke of Longxi County. In 978 AD (the third year of Taiping and Xingguo), Xu Xuan was ordered by Song Taizong to visit Li Yu, and Li Yu sighed at Xu Xuan: "I regret killing Pan You and Li Ping by mistake!" Song Taizong smell of great anger. According to Wang Luo's memoirs in Song Dynasty, Li Yu was poisoned by Song Taizong for writing Yu Meiren. The medicine in the morning is Chinese medicine, nux vomica. After taking it, the central nervous system is destroyed, the whole body twitches, and the head and feet shrink together, which is extremely painful. After Li Yu's death, he was buried in North Mangshan, Luoyang. A few weeks later, he was heartbroken and died soon. Li Yu "was born in the palace and grew up in the hands of women", "sexual forgiveness and injustice", and he gave up killing. After his death, Jiangnan people heard that "all lanes are crying and fasting." Li Yu is brilliant, skillful in painting, good at poetry and ode, and is a generation of poets who have been told through the ages. I didn't intend to fight for power and profit, but I longed for seclusion. Ascending to the throne was a complete accident. He hates being born into a royal family. Merits and demerits have become the track of history. By the time he ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty had served Song Zhengshuo, paid tribute to the Song Dynasty many times and settled in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River. In the seventh year of Song Kaibao (974), Song Taizu sent letters to the north many times, but he refused to leave. In October of the same year, Song Bing went south to attack Jinling. Next November, when the city is broken, the queen's flesh will come out naked, and she will be caught in Bianjing and sealed there, and she is not allowed to disobey her orders. Emperor Taizong ascended the throne and became the Duke of Longxi County. Taiping rejuvenating the country for three years (978), Qixi was his forty-second birthday, and he was poisoned by taking the morning medicine. Queen Wu was sealed and buried in Mangshan, Luoyang. He is good at painting and calligraphy, melody and poetry, especially in the Five Dynasties. In the early stage, most of his poems were about the pleasure and quiet life in the palace, with a soft style, but this is not the life he yearns for, but mostly emptiness and helplessness; The later ci reflects the pain of national subjugation, and the theme is enlarged, which refers to Li Yu's Weibei Ci.
[1] The scenery is profound, the feelings are sincere, the language is fresh and artistic. Later generations compiled his and Li Jing's works into two major ci poems in the Southern Tang Dynasty. In the early days of his reign, the style of his poems was beautiful and soft, and he did not get rid of the habit of "flowers". After the national subjugation, in the house arrest career of "Everyday Lacrimosa", the monarch of national subjugation became the "Southern King" of the eternal ci circle (in the words of Qing Shenxiong's Ancient and Modern Thorns). It was these late ci works that "the unfortunate poets of the country were lucky and the vicissitudes of life began to work", which laid the foundation of Su Xin's "bold and unconstrained" school and became a master in the history of ci. As for the beauty and harmony of his sentences, it is unprecedented. The late Lord has a collection that has been lost. There are 46 words, of which only 38 words can be confirmed by previous works or others. After being captured, he was named the disobedient Hou of Kaifeng Prefecture and worshipped General Zuo as a bully. According to historical records, Zhao Kuangyi repeatedly forced Zhou Xiao to stay in the palace. Every time I go back after Xiao Zhou, I cry and scold. In pain and depression, Li Yu wrote famous songs such as Looking at the South of the Yangtze River, Midnight Song and Young Beauty. Ancient painters also painted Xiao Zhou after Xiling was lucky. In Ming Dynasty, Shen Defu wrote Xiao Zhou after Xiling was lucky: "In Song Dynasty, Emperor Taizong painted Xiao Zhou after Xiling was lucky, with a hoe on his head, pale face and fat body. After the worship, the limbs were delicate, and several imperial envoys held them and frowned after a week. " Feng Haisu of Yuan Man wrote a poem on the map: "Li Huakai, left in the south of the Yangtze River, was also forcibly folded by the king; Blame the golden wind rushing to the ground, and the imperial garden is full of red and purple. " (Zhou Xiao is E Huang's younger sister. Later, she was named Mrs. Zheng and ordered to visit the palace regularly. Zhou Xiao is a stunning beauty, and Song Taizong covets her beauty.