First, the target observatory
1. Read selected articles repeatedly, cultivate a sense of classical Chinese language, accumulate commonly used classical Chinese vocabulary and sentence patterns, and understand the content of the articles.
2. Understand the image of Dapeng in the text.
3. Appreciate the magnificent imagination and ingenious argument in Zhuangzi's works.
Second, the micro-class live broadcast room
background information
Zhuangzi, named Zhou, a Mongolian in Song Dynasty, a philosopher in Warring States and a representative of Taoism, was also called "Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi" with Lao Zi.
Zhuangzi is the work of Zhuangzi and his later scholars, and there are 33 existing articles, including 7 internal articles, 5 external articles1,and miscellaneous articles1. Zhuangzi has fantastic imagination, ingenious conception, good use of fables and metaphors, unrestrained writing style and romantic artistic style. It not only has a high philosophical achievement, but also has a far-reaching impact on the development of later literature. People evaluate this book as "the philosophy of literature, the literature of philosophy". Mr. Lu Xun even commented: "His writing style is Wang Yang's and his manners are all square. The works of the late Zhou philosophers should not be the first. "
The accumulation of new knowledge
1. Difficult words
Kun (kūn) moved to (xǐ) and (tán) Nanming (mínɡ).
Hao Liang? Dior fish
2. Common words
There are fish in the northern ghost: "ghost" is the same as "truth" and the sea.
Its positive color is evil: "evil" is the same as "ye", and the modal particles "you" and "ma"
3. Definition of words
Fly away angrily: cheer up, which means flapping your wings hard in the text.
Peng will migrate to Nanming: Migration.
Those who go to rest in June also: noun, breath, here refers to the wind.
If you are not a fish, you will know the happiness of fish: how, how.
I don't know the happiness of fish, but it's all: complete and sure (like this)
Please trace its origin: traceability.
Now that I know what I know, ask me: already
4. Different meanings of ancient and modern times
Nanming, Tianchi also (ancient meaning: naturally formed pool; Today's meaning: the name of a mountain lake. )
If it is, it is gone (ancient meaning: therefore; Modern meaning: verb, indicating judgment. )
Shipping will migrate to Nanming (ancient meaning: the waves are bumpy; Modern significance: marine transportation. )
5. Polysemy
Those who go to rest in June also: preposition, shit.
along with
Biological use. Breaths blow each other: preposition, use.
There is a kind of fish named Kun: Ming in the north.
name
The mountain is not high, but the fairy is famous: famous.
Those who go to rest in June are also: good for morality.
along with
Creatures blow with interest: use.
Its name is Kun: It is.
It doesn't know its distance: it.
Its positive color is evil? It is far away, ubiquitous and extremely evil: it means choice.
At first glance, if it is: they are enough.
I don't know. Child: Of course.
solid
? Zi Gu is not a fish: originally.
? This is the fun of fish.
The son who doesn't know the joy of fish: structural auxiliary words.
? Now that I know what I know, ask me: pronouns, not "the joy of fish"
6. Flexible use of parts of speech
Strange man also: a name, a strange thing.
Water hammer 3000 Li: a famous shape, on the water.
Nanming and Tianchi are also famous and natural.
7. Classical Chinese sentence patterns
(1) True or false: The author of "Qi Xie" is also an eccentric, and there are a lot of teaching-related materials! ... also ",table judgment. )
People who go to rest in June will also go. )
Text research
Objective 1: read the text, cultivate the consciousness of classical Chinese and understand the content of the article.
1. Translate and read the text with the notes under the book and talk about which layers of meaning are mentioned in the text.
Thinking guidance combined with annotation and reference book translation can increase accumulation, enhance language sense and understand the main idea. Find out what the author wrote first, then what he wrote, and finally find out the structural level of the text.
Understanding the breakthrough "there are fish in the north" has three meanings. On the first floor, from the beginning to "its wings are like clouds hanging in the sky", write down the origin of the fish in the north. To change: the weather is macroscopic and eye-catching. On the second level, from "birds are birds" to "creatures breathe each other's breath", Qi Xie is quoted to describe the momentum of Dapeng's migration to Nanming. On the third level, from "The Sky is Gray" to the end, the author looks up at the sky and thinks of Dapeng overlooking the earth. Feelings.
2. Why does Zhuangzi insist that fish is happy?
To answer this question, in addition to understanding the text, we also need to understand Zhuangzi's thought-he pursues "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me"; By combining Zhuangzi's thought with "the happiness of fish", we can understand the author's point of view.
Zhuangzi thinks that fish is "happy", but it is actually him? Projection and externalization of mood. Because Zhuangzi was originally advocating nature, so was his heart? , he is standing? Look at the problem from the perspective of ...
(The debate between Zhuangzi and Keiko is very clever. Where is the cleverness? )
Goal 2: Understand the image of Dapeng in the article.
3. What is the image of Dapeng? How does the author describe this image?
Read carefully the sentences describing Dapeng's shape, back, wings and range of activities, and think about how the author describes Dapeng in combination with common expression techniques. The characteristics of Dapeng are obvious.
Only by understanding and breaking through the techniques used by the author to describe Dapeng, such as "expressing its shape", "expressing its wings" and "Northern Ghost, Southern Ghost and Nine Wan Li", can we perceive Dapeng.
? The image of. Can you see Dapeng from The Man Who Went to Rest in June? The characteristics of.
How did Zhuangzi create the image of Kun Peng? What does this fable give us? )
Goal 3: Appreciate the magnificent imagination and ingenious argument in Zhuangzi's works.
4. Please talk about the expression effect of the sentence "Peng moved to Nanming, the water hit three thousand miles, and the climber climbed nine Wan Li".
To analyze the expressive effect of a sentence, that is, to appreciate it, we need to find a suitable appreciation angle. We can appreciate this sentence from the perspective of expression, sum up what the author wrote and feel the image of Dapeng.
Have you ever used the phrase understanding breakthrough? (emoticon), describing the image and artistic conception of Dapeng, has strong artistic appeal.
The artistic features of There are Fish in the North Ghost. )
5. Rich imagination, which is the characteristic of Zhuangzi. Please make a concrete analysis in combination with "There are Fish in the North Ghost".
One of the characteristics of Zhuangzi is imagination, which is fully reflected in the lesson of Fish in the North. When reading aloud, you can think in images and imagine the magnificent and romantic scene described by Zhuangzi.
With the understanding and breakthrough of the article "There are Fish in the North Ghost", the author created a grand image of Kunpeng with magnificent imagination. In the first three sentences, "?" Repeatedly appear, trying to render the greatness of Kun Peng; Later, he quoted Qi Xie and used two extremely exaggerated figures to show the majestic momentum of Dapeng. Finally, imagine facing the sky with people's eyes? The artistic conception is broad and far-reaching.
(Talk about the understanding of imagination in There are Fish in the North Ghost. )
6. What was the topic of debate between Zhuangzi and Keiko? What are their views and bases?
When thinking about the debate, both sides of the debate will always reasonably convince each other around a certain topic. Read the dialogue in the text carefully and translate it, and find out the topics, arguments and arguments to answer the questions.
What is the topic of understanding the dispute between Zhuangzi and Keiko? . Zhuangzi's point of view is: "?
? ",he is based on:? ; Keiko's point of view is that his basis is: "? " .
Who won the debate between Zhuangzi and Keiko? )
Summary of key points and difficulties
1. Clever use of fables is full of philosophy. Zhuangzi used the story of Dapeng flying south with the help of the wind to illustrate that Dapeng's flight was limited by the wind, but it still depended on it. Therefore, Dapeng still has expectations, and has not reached the real image of freedom, which has far-reaching influence.
2. The contrast is obvious and the reason is clear. Shan Ye has a lot of swimming gas ("wild horses") and flying dust ("dust"), as well as rich teaching-related information! All the creatures in the lake are driven by the wind. Compared with Kun and Peng, they are really too small, but if they want to move, they still need something to rely on, that is, something that needs "treatment". Obviously, they have not reached freedom either.
3. Rich imagination and broad artistic conception. Dapeng, Wild Horse and Dust all show Zhuangzi's rich imagination. Imagination is magnificent, Wang Yang is wanton and ups and downs. A vivid story is used to illustrate a truth: they all have something worth waiting for, but they are not really happy.
Class summary
In the article "There are Fish in the North Ghost", the author uses the phenomenon that Dapeng soars in the wind and the fog and dust float away to show that life as a form is not absolutely free and impossible. The human spirit should be absolutely free, which expresses the author's pursuit of spiritual freedom. The existence of all things depends on certain conditions, and their activities also depend on it.
The article "Zhuangzi and Keiko Swim on the Haoliang River" shows Zhuangzi's witty and ingenious debate style and Zhuangzi's thought of "Everything is one with me" through the debate between Zhuangzi and Keiko on "the pleasure of fish".
Three. Wenduan training ground
Read Fish in the North Ghost and complete the question 1-3.
There is a kind of fish named Kun in the north. Kunda, thousands of miles away. Become a bird. Its name is Peng. Peng's back, thousands of miles away, flew angrily, his wings hanging in the sky like clouds. If it is a bird, shipping will migrate to Nanming. South ghost, Tianchi also. "Qi Xie", ambition is strange. The text of "Hehe" says: "Peng moved to Nanming, and the water hit three thousand miles. It was Jiu Wan Li who climbed up and went to rest in June. " Wild horses, dust and creatures are blowing with interest. The sky is gray, and its positive color is evil? Far away and everything is extremely evil? It looks down. If it is, it's gone.
1. One of the following sentences is ().
A. fly away in anger, if its wings are hanging in the clouds (anger)? B. "Qi Xie", a strange man (recorded)
C. those who went to rest in June also (left)? D. creatures blow each other with interest.
2. Translate classical Chinese sentences with modern Chinese.
It looks down. If it is, it's gone.
3. The following analysis and summary of the original content is incorrect. )
A. At the beginning of the article, the extraordinary process of Kun's transformation into Peng was described in an extremely exaggerated way, which made people feel extremely shocked and incredible.
B Zhuangzi gave a detailed and vivid description of Pengfei's soaring scene, aiming at creating a mysterious atmosphere.
C. In Zhuangzi's view, even the Dapeng soaring in the sky still has something to rely on, not a "leisurely journey".
D. the core idea of this article is to explain that people should live freely, freely and easily.
Reference answer:
Text research
1. Kun? Peng? Braving the wind and waves, hitting 3 thousand, soaring 90 thousand? Heaven and earth are boundless
2. Are you happy? Are you happy? oneself
3. exaggeration? I wonder how many miles it is. If clouds hang in the sky? Huge and powerful? Make good use of Changfeng
4. Rich and magnificent imagination? Flapping wings and flapping water, hovering and flying high into Wan Li? Magnificent and open
5. I wonder how far it is? Move to Nanming? a surname
6. Question: Does Zhuangzi know "the pleasure of fish"? ? Zhuangzi's point of view: Idle fish swimming is fun. ? Basis 1: the child is not me, knowing that I don't know the joy of fish; Basis 2: Confucius said, "You know a lot about fish." If you know what I know, ask me, I know it very well. ? Keiko's point of view: You don't know the happiness of fish. Basis: I am not a child and I don't know children; Zi Gu is not a fish, but he doesn't know the happiness of fish.
Text training ground
1.a (The word "angry" in "Angry Fly" should be "stand up and flap your wings hard". )
Dapeng looks down from the sky, just like a person looking at the sky on the ground.
3.d (As far as the selected text is concerned, the author's core idea is that everything in the world is interdependent, interactive and "dependent")