Difficult Shu Dao is an old topic in Yuefu, written by Li Bai. The content of the poem mostly talks about the difficulty of Shu Dao with the danger of mountains and rivers. Poetry fully shows the poet's romantic temperament and feelings of loving the motherland.
Teaching objectives
1. Understand the author and perceive the meaning of the poem as a whole;
2. Understand Li Bai's freedom;
3. Explain the reading requirements in combination with the poetry content.
teaching focus
master the reading essentials and read the whole poem with emotion.
teaching difficulties
rich association and imagination
teaching time arrangement
2 teaching time
first class
1. introduction of new lessons
2 th century American traveler Taylor? In his book Traveling in China, Paul asserts:? With the Kunlun Mountains, the railway will never reach Lhasa. ? At 22: 2 on July 3rd, 26, with a long whistle, the steel dragon crossed Kunlun Mountain, climbed over Tanggula, and proudly leaped over the roof of the world. The penetration of the Qinghai-Tibet Line has made foreign adults who are skeptical about China people withdraw their prejudices. If history really has reincarnation, there will be a great man who has the dominance of poetry. Who? Li Bai!
2. Read the whole poem, listen to the tape and explain the main points of reading
1. Hey, hey? It is difficult to go to the sky. ?
These two sentences dominate the whole poem, laying the foundation for the intonation of the poem, but the feelings are bold and unrestrained, so we should read them with great momentum. The use of prose sentences shows that the poet can't help but blurt out when he looks up at Shu Road, which also shows the strong sigh. ? Hey, hey? It's amazing. ? Dangerous? 、? Tall? Synonymy reappears, and it is extremely high. ? Huh? 、? Hey? , can have extended sound. ? The difficulty of Shu Dao? Can you read slowly, pause for a while, and then read in an ascending tone? Difficult to go to the sky? Five words, so the whole poem is self-evident.
2.? Until two rulers of this region? Then the ladder and stone stacks are hooked. ?
When writing the origin of Shu Dao on this floor, it should be read in narrative tone. ? Can Cong? Four sentences say that Qin and Shu have been isolated for a long time and there is no way to pass; ? Xidang? Two words? Taibai Bird Road? No one can climb? These are all paving the way for the following, and should be read lightly and gently. The last two sentences are the right meaning, which should be deliberately rendered, as if seeing the shocking scene with your own eyes, indicating that the opening of Shu Road is an earth-shattering event.
3.? High, as on a tall flag, six dragons drive the sun? Then, holding our chests with our hands and sinking to the ground with a groan. ?
This layer closely follows the above, and the lofty Shu Road implies that although there is a road, it is difficult for people to walk, so it should be read in a chanting tone. ? There is? Two sentences show the general situation of Shu Dao from different angles. Read them slowly, so that the listener has the feeling of moving his eyes. Six dragons return to Japan? 、? Surge and reverse? In two words. ? Yellow crane? Two sentences, there is a feeling of helplessness. After reading, you can pause for a while to prepare for the following. The last four sentences are close-ups, focusing on the situation of people walking on Qingniling. When reading them, you must have the idea of experiencing the situation. Ten percent discount? 、? Senate calendar well? The two languages can be re-read, but the speed should not be fast. Hold your breath? Make a meal, then read the last sentence and make a long pause.
4.? We wonder if this westward trail will never have an end Even to hear of it turns the cheek pale. ?
The title of the poem doesn't specify who to send to Sichuan, so here's? Ask Jun? It's just as well to assume that there is a real person, so you can read it more kindly. Will you ask? When will it be returned? It is not feasible, and the stress should fall on? Unattainable? Three words should be read in a persuasive tone. The following four sentences use the sound of birds to render the sad atmosphere during the journey. When reading, you should lower your tone and feel lonely thousands of miles away. Worrying about empty mountains? Go up slowly. Then read the main sentence in an exclamatory tone. Fade your face? Make a short meal to show that you are still unfinished.
5.? With the highest crag barely a foot below heaven? Hu Wei is coming! ?
it is still said that it is not feasible, but the content has deepened, because it is said that the Shu Road is sinister. The first four sentences are not purely objective descriptions. When reading them, you should assume that this is a tourist climbing to? Lianfeng? Cliff? Above, in? Flying waterfall? Suddenly, to make the listener feel thrilling. After reading, you can pause for a long time before using it? With all this danger upon danger? Hold it slowly. The last sentence is that the poet borrowed the tone of Shu people and deeply sighed at the tourists who came from the adventure. Not asking, but reading in a falling tone, implying? Why come here? Meaning.
6.? Though Dagger-Tower Pass be firm and grim? But a wolf toward his fellows?. ?
when reading the first sentence, it suddenly vibrates to reproduce the dangerous scene of Jiange. ? Kazuo? The two sentences should be frustrated and powerful, indicating that Jiange is easy to defend but difficult to attack. But the key point is the last two sentences, which warn the people who travel to the west: Jiange is the gateway to Shu, and the situation is so dangerous that it is naturally prone to military rebellion, and you must never stay in Shu for a long time.
7.? There are ravenous tigers to fear in the day? Why don't you go home early? ?
The first four sentences directly follow the above and describe the cruel scene in the military rebellion in Shu. All four words are used, and the rhythm is short and powerful. When you read it, it is a terrible thing. After a pause, read the last two sentences in a sincere persuasion tone.
8.? The difficulty of the Shu road is difficult to get to the sky, and it is difficult to look sideways at the west for a long time. ?
this is the conclusion of the whole poem. When the main sentence appears for the third time, you should read it slowly and have a deep sigh. ? Looking sideways to the west? After a short pause, read in a slowly fading tone? Long consultation? Three words, if there are echoes, are thought-provoking.
Third, the overall perception
Difficult Road to Shu is Yuefu's Song of Harmony? The old title of "Sediao Qu" mostly talks about the difficulty of Shu Dao with the danger of mountains and rivers. With rich imagination, bold language and vigorous style, this poet vividly describes the wonderful and breathtaking scenery of mountains and rivers on the road from Qin to Shu. Not only wrote about the hardships of Shu Dao, but also wrote about the hardships of life journey, and expressed worries and worries about state affairs. The whole poem starts out of thin air with strong sighs, followed by vast ancient legends and high-risk and steep landscapes. The ups and downs of the leaping emotional structure of poetry give people a sense of movement; The magnificent spirit of swallowing mountains and rivers flowing away in it gives people a strong shock to cleanse their hearts. The whole poem is magnificent, bold in style, unpredictable and unpredictable in Wang Yang, which shows the poet's outstanding artistic talent and rich imagination.
The first four sentences of the poem are the general outline of the whole article. Later, according to the origin and history of the Shu Road, the lofty, gloomy, sinister and unstable social situation along the Shu Road, etc., the shots are more thrilling than one group. ? The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky? Repeatedly sing in the poem. With a hearty pen and ink, the author created a magical, thrilling, vigorous and open lofty realm, which kept the emotion of the whole poem always in a high and surging state, whirling and stirring, with a long aftertaste.
In the second class
I. Students read poems
II. Essentials of appreciation
Let's talk about the composition first
The poet creatively inherited the form of repetition (also called repetition) which is common in ancient folk songs. There are three main sentences: the beginning, the middle and the end. This is not a simple repetition, because every time it appears, it brings new enlightenment to readers, which naturally forms a pattern in which the main sentence runs through and the content is in-depth, which makes people feel that one sigh is insufficient and then sigh is insufficient and then three.
Let's talk about weather
Reading this poem, like passing through a gallery, moving pictures appear in front of your eyes one after another. Their broad artistic conception and compelling momentum make you stunned and amazed.
? And the Great White Mountain, westward, still has only a bird's path, up to the summit of Emei Peak? In the poet's imagination, he seems to see the endless picture of mountains and mountains between Qin and Shu. Such a magnificent landform is really rare!
? Which was broken once by an earthquake and there were brave men lost, and then the ladder and stone stacks are linked? In 16 words, the story about Wuding Mountain in folklore is vividly reproduced, which makes us seem to hear Wuding's loud cry when he pulled the snake and then a loud noise that changed the mountains and rivers. It also seems to see countless brave people opening roads and erecting plank roads on the mountains, and we can't help but admire the greatness of divine power and manpower!
? High, as on a tall flag, six dragons drive the sun, while the river, far below, lashes its twisted course? This is what the poet imagined himself to see in the Shu Road: when he looked up at the highest peak in front of him, he saw that the solar car pulled by six dragons was blocked and had to make a detour; Looking down again, I saw that the turbulent rapids were blocked by mountains and stirred up countless eddies? How amazing and wonderful this painting is!
? The Mountain of Green Clay is formed of many circles, each hundred steps, we have to turn nine turns among its mound? This is the situation when the poet imagines himself climbing Qingniling along Panshan Road.
? Panting, we brush Orion and pass the Well Star, then, holding our chests with our hands and sinking to the ground with a groan? This is the situation after the writing reached the peak, and the most interesting is the latter one: the poet passes through the stars and sometimes touches them curiously to see what it looks like. What a strange imagination!
? With nothing heard but the call of birds hemmed in by the ancient forest, male birds smoothly wheeling, following the females. And there come to us the melancholy voices of the cuckoos jathyapple, sorrow empty mountain? This is what the poet imagined the tourists to see on the way. The picture is sad: birds sing, which makes the mountain forest seem more quiet, as desolate as the virgin forest. Compared with the previous picture, the color tone has changed, and it also shows the diversity of the scenery of Shu Road, but the atmosphere is compelling and makes people feel terribly lonely.
? With the highest crag barely a foot below heaven, dry pines hang, head down, from the face of the cliffs. Flying rapids and waterfalls, and send through ten thousand valleys a thunder of spinning stones? This is an extremely thrilling picture, which is different from the height of Shu Road emphasized above. Even the peaks are steep and the cliffs turn to stones, which will endanger the lives of tourists, making people fearful and frightened, so what is the cloud below? With all this danger upon danger? .
There are so many hidden pictures, and it goes without saying that the realm is vast. No matter how high the mountains are, how urgent the water is, how the rivers and mountains have changed, how lonely the trees are, and how dangerous the peaks and cliffs are, they are all threatening, and the grandeur of their weather is really beyond others' reach. On the whole, the speed of its change is more and more strange, and it is often unexpected, which makes people dizzying.
finally, let's talk about the keynote of this poem.
What is the theme sentence of this poem? The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky? Throughout, it has shown its intonation. Looking at the whole poem, the poet has three sighs: one is the height of Shu Dao, the other is the danger of Shu Dao, and the third is the fierce war disaster in Shu. These three sighs are actually contained in the poet's concrete description and lyric. Like what? Such height would be hard going for even a yellow crane, so pity the poor monkeys who have only paws to use? This is a sigh of the height of the Shu Road, because the yellow crane flies to the highest level and the ape moves the most skillfully. Neither can pass, so how can people cross it? Another example? With all this danger upon danger, why did you come from afar? This is the risk of sighing the Shu Road, and it is particularly meaningful to write it in a tone of advising tourists. Another example? There are ravenous tigers to fear in the day, and venomous reptiles in the night, with their teeth and their fangs ready, killing people like hemp? This is a sigh of the fierce war disaster in Shu, and the poet reproduces it in a concrete way? Fight for land, kill people, and be wild; Fight for the city, kill the city? ("Mencius? Li Lou ") picture, have to witness.
third, explore the highlights
1. How does the poet express the grandeur and preciseness of the Shu Road?
Myth and legend: Five Ding Mountain, Six Dragons Return to Japan? Write the insurmountable obstacles of Shu Road in history.
False writing set off: Yellow cranes can't fly across, and apes are worried about climbing? It is even more difficult to walk against people.
Describe the expression and movements: touching the stars with your hands, breathing nervously, touching your chest and sighing, walking with difficulty, and looking scared? It's like being in danger.
Lyric by borrowing scenery: the ancient wood is desolate and the birds sound sad (the sad bird is the ancient wood, and Zi Gui sings jathyapple)? It pales people's hearing, exaggerates the sadness of travel and the desolate environment on the Shu Road, and effectively sets off the difficulties of the Shu Road.
use exaggeration:? With the highest crag barely a foot below heaven? Dry pines hang, head down, from the face of the cliffs spoke highly of the high mountain peak and the danger of precipice, which rendered a thrilling atmosphere.
with unpredictable brushwork, Li Bai vividly depicts the difficulty of Shu Dao, artistically shows the winding, majestic, lofty and rugged face of the ancient Shu Dao, and paints a colorful landscape picture.
2.? With the highest crag barely a foot below heaven? And send through ten thousand valleys a thunder of spinning stones? What are the advantages of these descriptions?
The poet first shows the high risks of the mountain, and then moves from the static to the dynamic, writing a thrilling scene of water and stones stirring and the valley roaring, like a string of focus plane: at first, the mountains are undulating, and the mountains are connected with the sky; Then gently push out the close-up of dead pine hanging upside down; Then, what followed was a group of quick shots: flying rapids, waterfalls, cliffs, and turning stones. With the sound of thousands of valleys and thunder, they quickly flashed before our eyes, which was breathtaking and dizzying, thus creating an overwhelming artistic effect and making the description of Shu Dao difficult to reach its peak. If the high risk of the mountains above is daunting, then the dangers of the mountains and rivers here are even more thrilling.
3.? Difficult road? Why does Li Bai describe such an indescribable thing so touching?
lies in the romantic passion that runs through it. The poet sends his feelings to the mountains and rivers, wandering in vain. He does not watch the natural scenery indifferently, but admires it enthusiastically to express his ideals and feelings. The turbulent flow, strange peaks and dangerous valleys endow the poet with emotional temperament, thus presenting a flying soul and a magnificent gesture. Poets are good at combining imagination, exaggeration and myths and legends to write scenery and express feelings. Say that the mountain is high and steep, then say:? High, as on a tall flag, six dragons drive the sun. ? The obstacles in the shape of the road are:? Which was broken once by an earthquake and there were brave men lost, and then the ladder stone stack is hooked. ? The poet talked about the opening of the country from the silkworm cluster to the opening of the five mountains, and from the return of six dragons to the sun to the night cry of Zigui. He galloped imaginatively and created a vast artistic realm, full of romantic colors. Let us see the poet through the wonderful mountains and rivers. Put pen to paper and shake the five mountains, laughing proudly at Cangzhou? The tall image.
The works of Shu Dao Nan before the Tang Dynasty were short and thin, and Li Bai made some innovations and developments on this ancient topic of Yuefu. He used three-character, four-character, five-character, seven-character, and eleven-character sentences with uneven level and uneven length, forming a very unrestrained language style. Rhyme is also constantly changing, which is suitable for expressing free and unrestrained spirit, describing the dangerous environment in Sichuan, changing rhymes three times in a row, and doing its best to change things. This has played a complementary role in his rich and peculiar imagination and realistic romantic spirit.
4. What is the practical significance of writing Jiange in the last paragraph of the poem to the Tang society in the early days of Tianbao?
In the thrilling atmosphere of changeable and dangerous situations, I finally wrote about Jiange, a fortress in the middle of Shu. There is a 3-mile-long plank road between Dajianshan and Xiaojianshan. The peaks are like swords, the mountains stand tall, and the wall cutting is like a door, forming a natural fortress. Because of its dangerous terrain, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. In history, there are many people who claim to be kings here. The poet drew a description of the political situation from the danger of Jiange. He used it in Zhang Zai's Jian Ge Ming in the Western Jin Dynasty? Where you win, don't live with your relatives? The purpose of the statement is to persuade people to take a lesson, be alert to the occurrence of war, and contact the social background at that time to expose the jackal in Shu. With their teeth and their fangs ready, killing people like hemp? This is a pun that not only describes the beasts of Shu Road, but also alludes to the political darkness, expressing anxiety and concern about state affairs and adding realistic connotation and profound meaning to the poem.