Ci is one of China's ancient poems. It began in Liang Dynasty, formed in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty. Poetry can be traced back to The Book of Songs.
Second, from the topic:
Poems can be selected freely, and words must have epigraph names.
Third, from the relationship with music:
In ancient times, unhappy people were called poems, and happy people were called songs. In modern times, they are collectively called poetry. However, poetry eventually broke away from music, and only after breaking away from music did it become mature and prosperous. However, Ci originated from the soil of music, and musicality is the most basic feature of Ci-style literature. Even in the Southern Song Dynasty, after Ci no longer completely entered the musical aria and became a new kind of metrical poem, it still had to be filled according to the rhythm and tune stipulated in Ci.
Fourth, in terms of form:
1, different sentence patterns:
There are metrical poems and quatrains, seven-character poems and five-character poems. The style of metrical poems is unified, and the length of ancient poems is arbitrary.
For example, Liu Zongyuan's Fisherman is a seven-character poem:
An old fisherman spent the night here. Under the cliff in the west, he dipped in pure water and made a bamboo fire.
The sun disappears like a cloud, and the sound of sculls comes from green mountains and green waters.
Looking back, the fishing boat has drifted below the horizon, and white clouds are floating in the mountains, chasing each other.
Wang Wei's Farewell is a five-character poem.
I got off the horse, poured you wine and asked where you were going and why.
You said you would go back to Zhongnanshan because you were not proud of your life.
So please allow me to leave, don't ask me any questions, white clouds have no end there.
Characters can be roughly divided into Xiao Ling (less than 58 words), Middle Tone (59-90 words) and Long Tone (more than 9 1 word, with the longest word reaching 240 words). A word, some with only one paragraph, is called monotony; Some are divided into two sections, called double tones; Some are divided into three or four sections, which are called three or four sections. Moreover, words have epigrams, words have a fixed format under the name of each epigram, and several words in each sentence have requirements.
For example, the format of an inscription in Nan Ge Zi is: (Example: Wen)
Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat.
With a golden parrot in his hand. Embroidered phoenix on the chest. Steal an eye and make a dark appearance. It's best to get married and then. Be a mandarin duck.
The epigraph format of Rumengling (such as Li Qingzhao)
Flat and light, flat and light. Very flat, very flat, very flat. Ping, ping, ping, ping.
I often remember the pavilion by the stream next to the pavilion until the sunset, intoxicated by the beautiful scenery and lingering. Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng. How to row a boat out, accidentally, but scared a group of Oulu.
2. The rhyme rules of poetry are also different:
Metric poems only use flat rhymes, rhyme to the end, rhyme every other sentence, and the first sentence can be suppressed or not;
The words are flat and even, with rhyme in the middle and variable rhyme feet, but according to the rules of meter.
3. The antithesis rules of poetry are also very different:
The second couplet and the third couplet of metrical poems must be antithetical, but if they are antithetical, they are much more flexible and have no unified requirements. These two points can be seen from the above example. From the aspect of subject matter content: "poetry expresses ambition" (writing more about one's home country leads to ups and downs in life); Romance (mostly romance and love between men and women). Poetry mainly focuses on political themes, with the rise and fall of the country, the sufferings of people's livelihood, ambition and the ups and downs of official career as the main contents, mainly expressing the feelings of social groups.