1871on may 28th, the reactionary forces of Versailles captured the last fortress of the Paris commune-abbe cemetery in lachaise. When the revolution failed, the whole city began a massacre, and countless martyrs lay in a pool of blood. In the face of this white terror, poitier, a heroic commune fighter, a member of the workers' government and a poet loved by the masses? 1816-1887, full of boiling blood, wrote the lyrics of this magnificent mountain and river.
This poem, formerly known as the International Workers' Union, was published in portal's collection of poems Revolutionary Songs published in 1887. In the second year after the publication of Poems, the workers' choir in Lille, an industrial town in northern France, entrusted amateur worker Degate to compose music, and the song was completed three days later. 1888 At the end of July, this song was first sung at a workers' rally in Lille, and soon spread throughout the northern industrial zone. 1899, the 14th Congress of the French Production Party was held in Lille, attended by German representatives. The reactionary nationalists in Lille tried to stir up the people's feud against the Germans by using the narrow concept of nationalism, so as to achieve the purpose of destroying the meeting. Nationalists openly clashed with the masses. They sang "La Marseillaise" to confuse the audience, and the masses sang "Internationale". More and more people are singing the Internationale, and their voices are getting louder and louder. Finally, the Marseillaise was completely submerged by the sea of Wang Yang. This incident caused a sensation all over the world. Since then, The Internationale has become an immortal battle song of the bourgeoisie in Kubinashi.
1920, The Internationale translated into Chinese by Qu Qiubai first appeared in China. 1923, The Internationale, translated into Russian by Xiao San in Moscow and accompanied by Chen Qiaonian, began to be sung in China. The translation of 1962 was revised again. This song is written in the form of a joke song. The climax is in the last sentence of the chorus, which is the theme of the song and the transliteration of all translated names in the world: "Internalsonnell must be realized."
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Xiao San and The Internationale
1996 10 10 is the 0/00th anniversary of my father's Chinese translator of The Internationale. To be familiar with Xiao San's life and poems again is almost like turning over old scores. It seems that I really went back to the beginning of this century and followed him to "walk" his long and tortuous road again. Everything is worrying, and I am often shocked by my own heart. Xiao San and his contemporary comrades-in-arms, their strength of personality and belief, and their persistence in pursuing truth are all awe-inspiring.
The senior generation of Xiao San melted into the blood and sucked into the bone marrow for the ideal of national and human liberation. The Mistress and The Internationale are not only related to the translation of French revolutionary poems by China scholars.
When I was a teenager, I was deeply influenced by Mao Zedong: they were old friends and lived together for 65,438+00 years. Together, they initiated the establishment of Xinmin Society and participated in the May 4th Movement. Together, they first came into contact with Marxism through Li Dazhao, which promoted the climax of studying in France. 1920 in may, Xiao San went to France as a member of Xinmin society.
1922 in June, the third-grade progressive students established the "European China Youth * * * Production Party" (that is, the * * * Youth League), and in September it was renamed as "China * * European Production Party Branch". 1922 At the turn of autumn and winter, Zhao Shiyan, Chen Yannian, Chen Qiaonian, Wang Ruofei and Xiaosan went to France again. It is also here that Xiao San and his comrades-in-arms first heard and sang the "original" revolutionary battle song of the proletariat all over the world in France, the motherland of the Internationale. Xiaosan was impressed by it and excited. At that time he had a desire to translate it into Chinese.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/922, with longing for the holy land of the October Revolution, Xiaosan came to Moscow from Paris via Berlin.
1923 During the summer vacation, Xiaosan asked Chen Qiaonian to translate The Internationale into Chinese. "I remember that at that time, we translated a word, assigned a score, and accumulated the overall translation of three solos and choruses, which was practiced by the comrades in China class of Moscow Oriental Staff University." Xiaosan later wrote.
Xiao and Chen didn't know at that time that their translation attempt was not the earliest, let alone the only one. Earlier there were Li Dazhao and two other translators, whose names I haven't found yet. Almost at the same time as Xiao and Chen translated songs abroad, Qu Qiubai's translation was published in the first issue of New Youth in China on June 1923. However, none of the above translated texts has been circulated. Xiao San later recalled: "Judging from the text translated by Comrade Qiu Bai, he translated it completely in Russian. We mainly translate the lyrics into Chinese according to the original texts of French and Russian. " As the "Dongda" comrades who learned to sing the Internationale returned to China and sent them to work in various places, this translation was brought back to sing. This is the origin of the Internationale, which has been sung all over the country since the first revolutionary civil war.
After returning to China, Xiao San was sent by the Central Committee to Hunan as a member of the provincial party committee and secretary of the Youth League Committee, and reunited with Mao Zedong, then Minister of the Central Organization Department. After that, he took part in a series of domestic revolutionary struggles, and his illness worsened. He arrived in Vladivostok from 65438 to 0927.
Xiaosan left the disaster-stricken motherland with a heavy heart. Many outstanding revolutionaries and loyal proletarian fighters who have fought side by side with him for many years and become the difference between life and death have been caught and sacrificed heroically, which has become a lifelong wound in his heart. Such as Xie, Li Dazhao, Zhao Shiyan,,, Xiang Jingyu, etc. who translated The Internationale with Xiao San ... This list can go on indefinitely.
Xiaosan was trapped in Vladivostok for more than a year. A severe concussion here left him with lifelong sequelae. 1928 in July, under the auspices of Qu Qiubai, Cai Hesen, Wang Ruofei and other comrades, six China delegations held a "memorial service" for Xiao San in Moscow. Later called "Resurrection", he took him to Moscow. It took Xiao San several years to find a way out of the third-class disability and enter the international literary world.
During the Soviet Union, news of the unfortunate death of many comrades who fought side by side came one after another. Many of them died heroically singing the Internationale. This time and again, the bad news stuck in Xiao San's heart like a knife, constantly calling and stirring the "Internationale" in his heart. At this time, "The Internationale" is not only a revolutionary battle song for Xiao San, but also permeates and overflows the blood of his close comrades and martyrs. "It has the same effect as the red flag", which is already his own voice and his own heartbeat.
War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression outbreak, anxious to return, Xiao San. Returning to Yan 'an to meet Mao Zedong and other old comrades made him more energetic. He used all the experience of the revolution and the poet to revise the translation of The Internationale. In the article "Explanation on Modifying the Lyrics of the International Song", he wrote: "Comrade Chen Qiaonian died heroically for the benefit of the Chinese production party, the Chinese nation and the people of China. The word "Internationale" translated by him has been sung by the people of China. But until now, at every press conference, people often only sing the first chapter of the lyrics, and few people know the second and third chapters, which is not good. And at that time, our translation was not very thoughtful, for example, because we had too little knowledge of music and some of them were not well matched. Now, when celebrating the 22nd anniversary of the October Revolution, I will revise the lyrics of three chapters translated in the past according to the original text (the first chapter has been sung and rarely changed). It is very sad that there is no cooperation from Comrade Qiao Nian now. We're here to commemorate him! In the process of revision, I got the consultation and sponsorship from famous musicians in China such as Lu Ji and Xian Xinghai, and comrades such as Seck. Their lyrics are well written ... I hope all China people will sing in unison! " This translation was sung until the early 1960s.
However, the fate of soldiers in the whirlpool of history is often uncertain. Perhaps because of his "great influence" and "rare in China" (in Lin Mohan), Xiao San is criticized inexplicably from time to time in the party and at home. In the early 1960s, the open split between China and the Soviet Union actually involved the translation of The Internationale. Until her death, Xiaosan was still dissatisfied with her translation, and never stopped pursuing perfection and repeatedly scrutinized and revised it. In addition, he repeatedly suggested that in order to commemorate Chen Qiaonian, the "translator" should sign his name, because he was involved in translation at first. Unexpectedly, during the period of 1962, China Music Association and china national radio jointly published a new Chinese translation of The Internationale, which has been sung all over the country since then. The reason is that "some words in the lyrics are not translated properly". Xiao San was not invited to participate in the revision work. Obviously, he is not even a "related expert". In addition, the translator Chen Qiaonian's name was not added, but Xiao San in the original text was deleted.
From June 1967 to June 1974+00, Xiao San and his German wife Ye Hua, who was born in China, were "lovesick, which the world called rare". They were isolated from each other and imprisoned in Qin Cheng. Xiao San "went in" at the age of 70. On his 77th birthday, they were released together wearing the hats of "Su Xiu spies". After five years of street control, they were completely rehabilitated at 1979. Then I struggled to write until 1983 died in February.
Xiao San said that the revolutionary movement produced revolutionary poetry. In turn, revolutionary poetry influenced and promoted the revolutionary movement. During the long years of revolutionary struggle of the people of China, The Internationale played the role of a battle declaration and a revolutionary horn, showing the great ambition of the working class and the heroic spirit of inspiring mountains and rivers and reversing Gankun. Everyone inside and outside the revolutionary ranks has sung this song, and many revolutionaries held their heads high at the last moment of their lives and sang this proletarian hymn of justice, spilling their blood on the execution ground.
Xiao San devoted his life to constantly revising and perfecting their translations. He is also a spokesman for the martyrs who died.
Let's commemorate them together. [Transfer from Iron Blood Reading]