Viewing the sea? Eastern Han Dynasty·Cao Cao
To the east is Jieshi to view the sea.
Where is the water? The mountains and islands are standing tall.
There are many trees and lush grass.
The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rising.
The journey of the sun and the moon can be seen from within;
The brilliant stars can be seen from within.
Fortunately, I sing to express my ambition.
"Guan Cang Hai" was written by Cao Cao in September of the twelfth year of Jian'an (207) when he went north to conquer Wuhuan and wiped out the remaining troops of Yuan Shao when he was on his way to Mount Jieshi. This four-character poem depicts the majesty of the motherland's rivers and mountains based on the natural scenery the poet saw when climbing a mountain and looking at the sea. It not only depicts the moving image of the mountains and the sea, but also expresses the poet's heroic and optimistic enterprising spirit. It is the best description of natural scenery in the Jian'an era. The famous poem is also one of the earliest famous works in my country's classical landscape poetry.
Translation:
Go east and climb Jieshi Mountain to enjoy the sea.
The sea is so vast and vast, and the mountain islands stand high on the seashore.
The trees and grass are lush and luxuriant.
The autumn wind blew the trees and made a sad sound, and huge waves rolled in the sea.
The movement of the sun and moon seems to start from this vast ocean.
The stars of the Milky Way are brilliant, as if they were produced from this vast ocean.
Poetry appreciation:
From the perspective of the style of the poem, this is an ancient poem; from the perspective of expression, this is a lyric poem describing the scene. The two sentences "near Jieshi in the east to view the sea" point out the location of "viewing the sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi and faced the sea from a high position, with a broad field of vision and a panoramic view of the magnificent sea. The following ten descriptions are roughly expanded from this. The word "Guan" plays a leading role in the whole poem, reflecting the broad artistic conception and powerful momentum of this poem. ? The first four lines of poetry describe the scene of the sea, with movement and stillness, such as "the autumn wind is bleak, the waves are rising" and "the water is sluggish". They describe moving scenes, "trees are thick and grass is luxuriant" and "mountains and islands are standing tall" It is written about a quiet scene. ? Guancanghai is selected from the "Collection of Yuefu Poems", which is the first chapter of the Yuefu poem "Stepping out of Xiamen". ? "The water is sluggish, but the mountains and islands are standing tall" is the general impression I get when looking at the sea, a bit like the thick lines of a painting. In this "roaming" sea, the first thing that catches the eye is the abrupt and towering mountain islands. They are dotted on the flat sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences describe the general outline of the sea view, which will be described in depth below. ? "The trees are thick and the grass is luxuriant. The autumn wind is bleak and the flood waves are rising." The first two sentences specifically describe the mountain island of Changzhi: Although the autumn wind is bleak and the grass and trees are falling, the island is luxuriant with trees and luxuriant grass, which makes people feel A poetic feeling. The last two sentences are a further description of the sentence "How is the water so calm": If you look carefully, you will see that the sea surface in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave, turbulent and ups and downs. Although it is a typical autumn environment here, there is no trace of desolate and sad autumn mood. Facing the bleak autumn wind, the author writes about the vastness and magnificence of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea is turbulent and vast, reaching the sky; the mountain islands are towering and straight, with lush vegetation, without any sentimental sentiment. This new realm and new style reflect his "martyr's" mind of "an old man who is still in trouble but aims for a thousand miles". ? "The journey of the sun and the moon can be seen from within; the stars are brilliant as if from within." The previous description is observed from the level of the sea, but these four sentences are connected with the boundless universe, and the meaning is as wide as the pen. , highlighting the momentum and power of the sea in front of readers: the vast sea is connected with the sky, and the sky is blended; in front of this majestic and magnificent sea, the sun, moon, stars, and the Milky Way all appear small, and their Running, everything seems to be freely breathed by the sea. The sea described by the poet here is not only the real scene in front of him, but also integrated with his own imagination and exaggeration, showing a majestic atmosphere that swallows the universe, and has the potential of "five mountains rise within a square inch". This kind of "covering the atmosphere" is the artistic realm formed by the blending of the scenery in the poet's eyes and the emotions in his heart. Speaking from the heart, if the poet does not have grand political ambitions, no ambition to make great achievements, and no optimism about the future, he will not be able to write such a magnificent poem anyway. In the past, some people said that Cao Cao's poems were "always domineering" (Shen De's subtext), referring to works such as "Guan Cang Hai". ? "Fortunately, I sing to express my ambition." This is a cliché when joining music, and has nothing to do with the content of the poem. He also pointed out that this was sung by Yuefu.
What a blessing! Just use poetry to express your aspirations
Writing background:
"Viewing the Canghai" is Cao Cao's famous poem and was written by him. In 207 AD, Cao Cao personally led his army to the north to pursue and annihilate the remnants of Yuan Shao. In May, he vowed to launch a northern expedition. In July, he left Lulong Village and approached Jieshi Mountain. He jumped on his horse and whipped his whip, climbed a mountain to watch the sea, faced the surging sea, and was moved by the scene, and wrote this magnificent poem. ? "Viewing the Sea" expresses the poet's deep emotions, through which we can see the poet's own mind. Cao Cao climbed Jieshi Mountain this time on his way to the north to conquer Wuhuan. Wuhuan was a serious problem in the northeast at that time. In the 11th year of Jian'an (AD 206), Wuhuan captured Youzhou and captured more than 100,000 Han households. In the same year, Yuan Shao's sons Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi colluded with Tadun, the leader of Wuhuan in western Liaoning, and repeatedly harassed the border, so that Cao Cao had to resolutely go north to conquer Wuhuan in the twelfth year of Jian'an. In a battle in August of this year, Cao Cao finally won a decisive victory.
This victory consolidated Cao Cao's rear, so he could move south the next year in order to realize his ambition to unify China. Connecting the events before and after, we can see how important the northern expedition to Wuhuan was to Cao Cao. "Guan Cang Hai" was written when he passed Jieshi Mountain on his way to the northern expedition to Wuhuan. Before the war, Cao Cao, as the coach, climbed the Jieshi that Emperor Qin and Wu of Han had also climbed. When the autumn wind was bleak, his mood was as difficult to calm down as the sea. He integrated his grand ambitions and broad mind into poetry and expressed them through the image of the sea.