1. Category evaluation method
If we can master the category of a poem after reading it, then we can infer the ideological content of the poem according to its category. For example, the "pastoral poetry" in landscape poems basically expresses the author's love for natural scenery and rural life and his feelings of leisure and tranquility in it, while others express his dislike for dirty officialdom. The "frontier fortress war song" mainly shows the hard life of frontier fortress soldiers, their yearning for family, their complaints about war and their desire for peace. For example, Li Bai's Midnight Wu Ge Qiu Ge: "Autumn wind blows my heart, and I will return to Yumenguan forever. Oh, when will the Tatar army be conquered and when will my husband come back from the long battle! ? "This expresses these feelings in the tone of husband and wife.
"Remembering the past and singing epic poems" is to express a kind of depression that is difficult to be rewarded by praising or evaluating historical figures, historical events and historical sites, or to express a feeling that things are transformed, the past lives are prosperous and the present is declining, or to satirize the present by using the past. "Event Poetry" expresses certain thoughts and feelings and embodies certain philosophy of life through a detailed description of an image. For example, the "cicada" in Cicada written by Luo in prison is the author's own situation and directly expresses the author's grief and indignation. There are farewell poems, homesick poems and so on, and we can also infer the ideological content according to their categories. Of course, the theme of some poems is not single, and they may contain both one content and another, which requires us to consider in many ways. Generally speaking, grasping the category of poetry is a good way to grasp the ideological content of poetry.
2. Background inference method
Most of the works are written in a certain background, so to grasp the author's thoughts and feelings, we must consider the background of some poems at that time. For example, Lu You's "Glaring at the South Mountain in Chang 'an Happy Pavilion on the evening of July 16th": "In autumn, a corner of the border town wails and a bonfire shines on the platform. Sad songs hit the floor and lean on high wine. This is leisure! Who can push away all the layers of twilight like the amorous Nanshan bright moon? Baqiao Ada, Qujiang billiards hall, treat! "This word is easily influenced by the words" sorrow "and" sorrow ",thus refining the author's thoughts and feelings about the fate of the country. But judging from the writing background, this judgment is wrong. In the eighth year of filial piety (1 172), Lu You accepted the invitation of Wang Yan, an important envoy of Sichuan anti-Jin, and came to Nanzheng, the front line of anti-Jin. This word is the poet's feelings about the moon in Nan Zheng. Therefore, as soon as the poet stepped on the stage, the horn sounded like a bonfire in front of him. He sang loudly and sprinkled wine, which aroused his infinite excitement about the success of regaining lost ground. " This kind of prosperity is leisurely "shows the poet's optimistic spirit of confidence in the future." If you only rely on the content of words, it is not easy for candidates to grasp this feeling.
3. The method of establishing the last sentence
Both quatrains and metrical poems have a basic feature. The first half is mostly descriptive, while the second half is mostly lyrical or expressive, especially the last sentence. For example, Yu Shinan's "Cicada" says: "Drink clear dew when hanging down, and make the sound sparse. It's not the autumn wind that makes you afraid to speak loudly. " The first two sentences of this poem describe the habits and characteristics of cicadas, and the last two sentences express the poet's fame, not with the help of others, but with his own talent. But in the lyrics, the first one is usually a landscape narrative, and the second one is a lyric. For example, Guan Hanqing's "Jasper Flute" says: "autumn scenery is absolutely wonderful, and red leaves are everywhere in the mountains and streams. The loose path is suitable, and Huang Ju bypasses Dongli. Clear bottles can be spilled, but white glasses advise. The official products are excellent. What are the benefits? Go home and learn from him. " At the end of the sentence, "Go home and get drunk like him" shows the author's understanding, appreciation and yearning for Tao Yuanming's seclusion.
4. Association analogy method
For chanting poems, we should firmly grasp the characteristics of what we sing and grasp the poet's feelings through association. Pine, chrysanthemum and plum are the main objects borrowed by poets, such as Zheng Sixiao's Painting Chrysanthemum: "A hundred flowers don't bloom, but a hedge is interesting. Instead of blowing incense into the north wind, it is better to hold incense in the branches and wait for death. " In the poem, a high-standard chrysanthemum image of "independence and immobility" was created, which expressed the poet's national integrity until his death.