The title of a poem often points out the content of the poem and determines the emotional tone. When reading, we should pay attention to combining the content of the poem with its title.
For example, Kou Zhun's poem "Going upstairs to miss my hometown in spring" in the Northern Song Dynasty tells us from the title that this poem is about what the poet saw and heard when he went upstairs in spring, expressing his nostalgia for his hometown. "High-rise chat expectation, and it is flat. No one crosses the wild water, but the sun is crossed alone. Decadence is full of haze, and the ancient temple talks about warblers. The old things are far away, and meditation is shocking. " This poem appeared in the 2005 college entrance examination poetry appreciation question, which requires an analysis of the poet's emotional changes from "chatting" to "shock" in combination with the whole poem. If we pay attention to the title of the poem, it is easy to analyze that the scene in front of us touches (surprises) the poet's homesickness, and there will be no deviation in answering the questions.
Another example is the poem "Stay in the Mountain" by Zhang Xu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, which clearly points out that it is a poem to retain guests. The content of the poem is the poet's words of staying in the mountain: "The state of the mountain makes the spring glow, not for lightness. Even if there is no rain in Mystery, clothes will stick to the depths of the clouds. " The last two sentences in the poem describe mountains and clouds, and the scenery is wonderful, expressing the feeling of staying with beautiful scenery. If we don't pay attention to the topic of poetry, we may misunderstand it as just the poet's own nostalgia for the beautiful scenery.
There are also some poems, whose genre can be seen according to the title. For example, after the Han Dynasty, poets wrote poems with the theme of ancient Yuefu poems, such as Song on the Sai, Song on the Sai, Joining the Army, Journey in Longxi, Midnight Wu Ge, etc., and the genre was Yuefu style. Cui Hao, a poet of the Tang Dynasty's Long March, said, "Tell me, where do you live? Near here, next to the fishing pond? . Let's catch our boat together, let's see if we belong to the same town ... "From the topic, this is Yuefu poem.
Second, pay attention to the author's life experience and dynasty.
To truly understand a poem, we must know people and discuss the world. The same scenery, because of the poet's different experiences and moods, will contain completely different emotions. Frost leaves are red, some people praise "February flowers are red", others feel bitterly that "it always leaves people with tears". Therefore, when reading poems, we must pay attention to the poet's experience and situation, and pay attention to the national conditions and political affairs of the dynasty where the poet lives. Only by contacting these backgrounds can we accurately grasp the thoughts and feelings of poetry. Some poems will provide relevant annotations, while others have no annotations, which need to be recalled and refined from accumulated knowledge.
For example, Dai Fugu, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote "Floating Far Hall in Jiangyin": "Looking at the great river across the hills, Wan Li worries about floating far in front of the hall. The most bitter thing is that there is no mountain to cover your eyes, and Huainan is extremely eye-catching. " A note was added to the test question: "Dai Fugu, whose real name was Shi Ping, was a poet at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty." This information about the dynasty in which the poet lived provides the key to the interpretation of this poem. In the late Southern Song Dynasty, the decline of the country was irreversible, which made many patriotic poets feel extremely sad. The poet climbed to the top of the mountain and looked into the distance. Before the Song Dynasty, all the mountains and rivers were gone, so he couldn't bear to look again, and he hoped that there would be mountains blocking his sight. This ambivalence of wanting to see and not being able to bear to see shows the poet's endless pain caused by the defeat of the country to the fullest.
Another example is Wang Anshi's Plum Blossom: "A few plums in a corner, hanling alone. I know from a distance that it is not snow, because it has a faint fragrance. " Wang Anshi was a reformer in China 1 1 century. During his tenure as prime minister, he advocated reform, but eventually failed because of the opposition of conservatives. Wang Anshi insisted on his own reform ideas and did not give in to conservatives. Knowing this background, we can know that Wang Anshi used plum blossom metaphor to show his attitude towards political reform. No matter what happens, plum blossoms will still bloom in the world when it is cold and there are no flowers.
Another example is Wang Wei, a poet who is both an official and a hermit. With such background knowledge, it is easy to grasp his bamboo pavilion. "I was leaning alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming. The voice is so low that no one can hear it except my partner Mingyue. " The poet wrote all his longing for seclusion into this wonderful landscape.