Reciting rules
2. The chanter has some basic tones. These tones have a certain relationship with each other. These tunes are inherited from teachers and family members, or are tunes from others, or are different tunes adopted by oneself, all of which have been transformed by one's own sense of language. These tones are generally the several tones of ancient poetry (divided into upper, middle and lower), and the several tones of Pingqi and Qiqi in modern poetry, and the reading is similar to this. Special attention should be paid to the fact that you cannot make up the tune at will. If the tune is out of tune, you will be responsible for the consequences
3. The chanter can recite any poem or poem in the basic tune. Just make fine adjustments based on words and emotions. But this is not good chanting. Really good recitation is to recite poems that you like, because reciting is for self-entertainment, and you should not take the initiative to recite poems that you have no feelings for. After repeated chanting and careful study of these favorite poems, they will be improved on the basis of the basic tune to form a unique tune.
4. The requirements for chanting vary from high to low. The primary requirements are:
1. Flat length and short length. Among them, flat tone refers to the 1st and 2nd tones, and oblique tone refers to the 3rd and 4th tones. Five-character poems are composed of four lines. If it is a Pingqi poem (that is, the second character in the first line is in Ping tone), the second character in lines 1 and 4 will be longer, and the fourth character in lines 2 and 3 will be longer. . If it is a poem with a straight line, it is the opposite. Seven-character poems are composed of four lines. If it is a flat poem, the words 2 and 6 in the 1st and 4th lines are long, and the fourth word in the 2nd and 3rd lines is long. If it is a poem with a straight line, it is the opposite.
Note:
1. The ending rhyme of all lines except the entering tone characters is prolonged.
2. There were many Chinese characters in ancient times, such as "月", which must be read short and quickly.
3. Follow the words. All traditional music in China is called Yizixingqiang, but only chanting is the most strict. Chanting strives to express the meaning of each word most clearly, so it is closest to the pronunciation of the word. Therefore, chanting tunes generally have a relatively simple structure and are easy to learn and remember.
4. Text reading and pronunciation. Recitation must be read in Chinese, so as to be closest to the original appearance of the poem. Each southern dialect has its own phonetic system. It also exists in the north, and the treatment of the entering tone characters is the most prominent. Based on the past situation, it can be seen that contemporary new chants also require literary reading. The main thing is that the entering tone characters should be chanted in a short tone, especially the tone steps and the important entering tone characters should be chanted in a short tone. Rhyming words should be pronounced in plain rhyme as much as possible, and rhyming is a must. Do not mix flat and oblique words. Words such as "look" and "sigh" must be pronounced in a flat tone. The rest, such as "Che" and "Ruju", etc., have little to do with the chanting tune, so they don't seem to need to be too strict.
Only those who meet these three requirements can be recited. Those who master this method can recite any work.
5. The intermediate requirements for chanting are:
1. Luck makes a sound. When chanting, you should use abdominal breathing and use the Dantian Qi to make the sound. Therefore, you will have a calm demeanor, profound meaning, and the style of a gentle gentleman.
2. Accent singing. The singing method of chanting is in principle a Chinese-style accent, that is, the pitch, intensity, and length are not fixed, but are always determined by emotion and fluctuate at any time.
3. Shake your head and swing your body. The chanter should not stand still, his emotions are everywhere and his posture is natural. The swing is not uniform, but reflects the chanter's control of the pitch, strength, speed, and curvature of the sound, such as moving backward when the sound is loud and forward when the sound is low. Because it is a singing method, the body posture changes are mostly gentle, so rocking is the main one.
Only when you do these three things can your chanting be meaningful.
6. The advanced requirements for chanting are:
1. Be familiar with the ancients. Reciting is to ponder over and over the author's original intention and understand the meaning of the poem. One day, I suddenly understood and connected with the author's heart over thousands of years, and the recitation of this article was completed.
2. A tune of its own. Only certain passages that are particularly touching can be recited repeatedly, and eventually one can understand the ancients. At this time, the reciting tune of this passage is quite different from the basic tune, and is only suitable for this passage.
3. Cultivate your moral character. Chanters regard chanting as a means of self-entertainment, learning, and fitness, and it has become an indispensable part of their lives. At this time, chanting plays an important role in physical and mental health, nourishing Qi and character.
If you do these three things, chanting will lead to a state of transformation, which is a great joy in life.
The definition of recitation
1. The pronunciation method of creating, inheriting and learning ancient Chinese poetry and prose mainly includes four categories: singing, chanting, reciting and reciting. Reading means reading in spoken language. Chanting is an artistic form of chanting, emphasizing clarity, accuracy, tone and emotion, but there is no scale. Yin has musical scales and is recited like singing. The difference between chanting and singing is: singing is based on music, supplemented by language, and the purpose is to appreciate the tune; chanting is based on language, supplemented by music, and the purpose is to express the language content more accurately.
2. The concept of chanting has never been unified. There is no fixed reference. There are many ways to say chanting, chanting, chanting, etc. Based on literature research and interviews, we came to the following conclusion: chanting is the combined name of chanting and chanting. In the concept of ancient people, chanting means chanting; chanting means reciting. The objects of chanting are mostly poems, and the objects of reading are mostly literary poems. Chant generally has scale tunes, but there are also some tunes without scales. Many recitations do not have scale tunes, but there are also quite a few that have scale tunes. For this reason, we now distinguish between chanting and chanting according to the presence or absence of scale tunes.
3. The book cannot express what it says, and the words cannot express what it means. Words are not enough, so there are songs. Literature originally uses non-verbal forms to express the "meaning" that spoken language cannot "exhaust".
Where are the poems and poems written in spoken form? Literature is the art of language, and language is a sound. Text can only reflect the sound quality of speech, but cannot explain the length, intensity and pitch of speech. How can we understand the meaning of literature if we interpret it as written words or read it as spoken language? The sound form you use to create is the same sound form you use to appreciate it. Ancient poetry and prose were created in three forms: singing, chanting and reciting. Singing before Kunqiang has basically disappeared, so only the form of chanting can be closest to the original appearance and best understand the meaning. All ancient poems and poems can be recited.
Four. Recitation is recitation, not recitation. The chanting follows traditional rules. Recitation was introduced from the West and has a history of less than a hundred years in China. A hundred years ago, all literate people could chant but not recite, which is exactly the opposite of the situation today.
5. Chanting can be divided into broad and narrow. Reciting in a broad sense refers to the phenomenon of reciting in all languages ??in the world. Chanting is not exclusive to Chinese. Recitation in the second broad sense should refer to the recitation of Chinese classical poetry and prose by various ethnic groups. For example, Japan, Korea, Vietnam and many ethnic minorities in China all recite Chinese poetry. Recitation in a narrow sense should refer to "private school tune" in sub-broad recitation, that is, recitation passed down from generation to generation through education systems such as private schools and family schools, rather than directly reciting poems in folk songs, operas, etc. Reciting in the narrow sense is "Chinese reciting" and is the main work content of the Chinese Reciting Society. We also use this concept to declare world-class and national-level intangible cultural heritage.
The system of chanting
1. The pronunciation of chanting is closely related to the local dialect. However, not all of them are recited in spoken dialect. The chanting uses the pronunciation of the text-reading system. In the north, it is closer to Mandarin, and in the south, it is closer to the local dialect. The difference between literary reading and dialect spoken language can be around 10%-30% in the north, and even greater in the south, up to 80%.
2. The tone of chanting was formerly known as poetry tone, reading tone, etc. We collectively call chanting tone. In musicology, it is classified into the minor tune category of folk songs. There has been little academic attention before.
3. Chanting tune is similar to the local music system, and may have mutual influence with local religious music, folk songs, Qin songs, operas, raps, etc. Chanting tunes vary from place to place. A region also has relatively fixed and popular poetry chanting tunes, but if you look closely, they differ from generation to generation, from person to person, and from time to time.
4. The method of chanting and harmonizing has a great influence on Chinese music, especially vocal music. Many characteristics of the Chinese music system are closely related to chanting.
5. Reciting is for self-entertainment, not a performing art. More importantly, chanting is a method of learning. How to recite a poem is actually how to understand it. Learners often achieve memory and understanding of poetry through repeated recitation and constant revision.
6. Reciting is also impromptu, because each time the reciting is performed, the reciter’s understanding of the work and his or her own feelings will change, so the reciting will be different each time.
7. Ancient chanting also has the characteristics of literati. His aesthetic taste is also that of literati.
8. Chanting in various places has various vocal characteristics, which are similar and different from other vocal music of the Han nationality, but in general, they are natural and free vocalizations in the Chinese style. It is very closely integrated with the characteristics of the Chinese language, is suitable for the characteristics of the Chinese language, and amplifies the characteristics of the Chinese language. Chanting pays attention to using the breath to control the sound, and the tune is carried out according to the words, and the characteristics of the tune are relatively obvious.
9. In principle, chanting has no rhythm and is not an even rhythm. Because chanting follows emotions, the changes in emotions have no rhythm. Metered chanting is a special case. The chanter always controls the pitch, strength, speed, and straightness of the sound according to his own understanding, with distinct changes.
10. Generally, chanting is protracted, which is called long-sounding chanting. In ancient poetry and prose, the intervals between each word were originally relatively long, and it was not as fast as today's spoken language. The length of the sound exceeds the convention of spoken language, which will naturally make people think of its deeper meaning, which is the implication between the words. The meaning of poetry and prose is based on the pronunciation form of each word. This is how chanting is created. So I also use chanting to appreciate it.
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