1. Combine old methods with new ones.
When you learn another work of a certain writer, you must connect it to his works that you have learned before, and try your best to understand his life and the content of his works clearly and clearly.
For example, if you want to learn Liu Zongyuan's "Snake Catcher", you must first understand Liu Zongyuan's life and works thoroughly, and then connect it with the specific references of the other seven people from the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and then connect it with the past. The situation of the "Shuo Ma" and "Shuo Ailian" that have been studied (the author, the purpose of the work), and finally the "shuo" of literary and style knowledge. Knowing that "Shuo" is a literary style, it is an allegorical essay... In this way, if you learn one and combine it with two or three... your literary common sense will become more and more familiar with the connection.
2. Use point-to-surface method.
Whether it is the People's Education Press edition or the provincial editions of textbooks, the number of selected famous works is relatively large. We can use the works of a certain famous artist as a "point", and then expand from this "point" to the "face" of all the works of this famous artist selected into junior high school textbooks.
For example, ancient Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, etc.; modern ones such as Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Contradiction, etc.; foreign ones such as Gorky, Maupassant, Buffon, etc. Summarize the works of these writers one by one, clarify the style of writing, understand the writing time and background, master the characters in the works, writing techniques, etc.
For example, Lu Xun’s works were selected into junior high school textbooks, including "Kite", "A Chang and the Classic of Mountains and Seas", "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore", "Mr. Fujino", "Snow", "Hometown", "Kong Yiji" ", etc., we must first grasp the "point" of Lu Xun's life, and then know his collection of works, the naming method of each collection of works, which collection this work comes from, what genre it is, who are the main characters in the work, and what kind of materials are used techniques to depict characters and express themes.
In this way, by extending from point to surface, it is more convenient to remember and the efficiency is much higher than scattered memory.
3. Vertical expansion method.
It is to sort out and memorize literary common sense from a vertical perspective. For example, if we take the history of literature as a line, we start from the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, to the Wei, Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, modern times, modern times, and contemporary times, and sort it out step by step;
If we take the history of literary and style development as a line, we can sort it out step by step. Starting from the Book of Songs, we will sort out the pre-Qin scholars and historical prose, Han Fu, Tang poetry, Song lyrics, Yuan opera, and Ming and Qing novels. Then, the important writers, works, styles, and techniques of each period in this "line" are summarized in categories.
The compiled literary common sense is like a string of candied haws with uneven texture and attractive colors, with clear "strips" and clear "blocks". When memorizing, there are vertical lines to follow, and the expanded horizontal content is also clear at a glance.
4. Horizontal comparison method.
It is to collect literary common sense with the same attribute, find out their similarities and differences, and combine them according to their similarities and differences, so as to achieve "literary" clustering. For example, this method can be used in the naming method of poetry collections of some ancient writers. You can arrange and combine them like this:
The collections of works named after official positions include: "Collection of Du Gongbu"...
The collections named after self-titles include: "The Complete Works of Su Dongpo"...< /p>
The ones named after the study names are: "Qilu Zhai Collection"...
The ones named after the emperor's reign include: "Jiayou Collection"...
Extended information:
Ancient Chinese Literature
(1), Pre-Qin Literature
1. Ancient Mythology
Famous ancient Chinese myths include : Nuwa mended the sky, Hou Yi shot the sun, Jingwei reclaimed the sea, (Pangu) created the world, the Yellow Emperor fought Chi (chī) You, Liu An's "Huainanzi", etc.
2. Pre-Qin prose
a. The "Four Books" of Confucian classics refer to "The Analects", "Mencius", "The Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean".
The "Five Classics" refers to the "Book of Songs", "Shangshu", "Book of Rites", "Book of Changes", "Spring and Autumn" and "Six Classics", also known as the Six Arts ("Music")
b. History prose. "Zuo Zhuan" (chronological style), "Warring States Policy" (national style), "Guoyu" (national style)
"Three Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period", "Zuo Zhuan", "Gu Liang Biography" and "Gongyang Zhuan"
c. The famous prose works of various schools of thought include:
① Laozi, Li Er, courtesy name Dan (dān), founder of the Taoist school, author of the Tao Te Ching.
②Confucius’s name was Qiu and his courtesy name was Zhongni. He is the founder of the Confucian school. "The Analects" is a book written by Confucius' disciples recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. ("Ji Shi" and "He")
③Mozi's name is Zhai (dí), the founder of the Mohist school. "Mozi" 53 chapters.
④Mencius’s name was Ke and his courtesy name was Ziyu. Successor of Confucianism. "Mencius" is a book written by Mencius' students to record Mencius' words and deeds. ("If you gain the Tao, you will get many help; if you lose the Tao, there will be little help", "Born in sorrow, dying in happiness", "Zhuang violently meets Mencius", "Fish is what I want".)
⑤ Zhuangzi, named Zhou Dynasty, was a Taoist in the Warring States Period. Zhuangzi". ("The Cook and the Cow")
⑥Xunzi, a Confucianist of the Warring States Period, wrote 32 chapters of "Xunzi". ("Encouraging Learning")
⑦ Han Feizi, Legalist. Author of "Han Feizi". ("Bian Que Meets Duke Huan of Cai", "Five Beetles" and "Zhi Zi Suspicious Neighbors".)
⑧"Lu Shi Chun Qiu", also known as "Lu Lan", is the collective creation of Qin Prime Minister Lu Buwei and his disciples . ("Cha Jin")
⑨ Li Si's representative work is the prose "Book of Remonstrance and Chasing Guests".
3. Pre-Qin Poetry
a. "The Book of Songs". "The Book of Songs" is my country's first collection of poems, with 305 chapters. It is divided into three categories: Feng, Ya, and Song. Feng is a folk song, Ya is a music song, and Song is a sacrificial song. The expression techniques of the Book of Songs are Bi, Xing and Fu. "Bi" is a metaphor, comparing something to this. "Xing" prefaces something else to evoke the words being chanted, while "Fu" directly states the matter.
b. "Chu Ci". Liu Xiang, a scholar of the Western Han Dynasty, compiled the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others into a book and named it "Songs of Chu". Qu Yuan (340 B.C. - 277 B.C.) was a great patriotic poet in my country. He once served as a Zuo Tu San Lu doctor in the Chu State. His representative works are "Li Sao", "Nine Songs" and "Nine Chapters".
(2), Literature of the Two Han Dynasties
a, Prose of the Two Han Dynasties
① Jia Yi, known as Jia Sheng in the world. Also known as Jia Changsha, Jia Taifu. Author of ten volumes of "New Book". "On Guo Qin" and "On Accumulation and Storage" are his masterpieces.
②Sima Qian, also known as Zichang, was a great historian and writer. The author of "Historical Records" pioneered the "biography style", which is divided into Benji, family, biographies, lists and books. Lu Xun called "Historical Records" "the swan song of historians, the rhymeless Li Sao".
③ Ban Gu's "Book of Han" and Liu Xiang's "Warring States Policy" are both famous in history.
b. Yuefu folk songs and poems.
1. Yuefu folk songs: Yue, folk music; Fu, official government. Yuefu was originally a collection of poems collected by music institutions of the Han Dynasty. "The Peacock Flies Southeast"
2. Fu is a synthesis of ancient Chinese verse and prose.
Sima Xiangru's "Zixu Fu" and "Shanglin Fu". Jia Yi's "Ode to Qu Yuan" is very famous.
(3), Literature of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
a, Poems and prose of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
① "Three Cao", "Three Cao" means Cao His father and son are Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. Cao Cao's "Guan Cang Hai", Cao Pi's "Yan Ge Xing", Cao Zhi's "Famous Capital Chapter", "White Horse Chapter" and "Luo Shen Fu" are all famous.
②The "Seven Sons of Jian'an" refer to Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Can, Xu Qian, Ruan Yu (yǔ) Ying Yang (yáng) and Liu Zhen. Wang Can's "Seven Sorrow Poems" has the highest achievement.
③The "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" refers to seven authors including Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, and Xiang Xiu.
④Tao Yuanming, named Qian and courtesy name Yuanliang, is known as Mr. Jingjie in the world. "The Peach Blossom Spring", "Returning to the Field", "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" and "Drinking" are masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.
⑤ In addition, Zhuge Liang's "Chu Shi Biao", Fan Ye (yè) "Book of the Later Han", Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms", Wang Xizhi's "Preface to the Lanting Collection", Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long", Li Daoyuan's " "Shui Jing Zhu" are all famous in history.
b. Novels of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. (The development period of novels)
①The novels about strange things are represented by Qian Bao's "Sou Shen Ji". "Go-getter Moye".
②Anecdotal novels are represented by Liu Yiqing's "Shi Shuo Xin Yu". "Zhou Chu".
Reference material: Baidu Encyclopedia - Literary Common Sense