Bai Huancai, a bibliophile of the Qiang Bai Hu Army in Dali.

Bai Huancai Wen/Wang Lingqin, a bibliophile of Qiang Bai Hujun, there is a beautiful village called Hujun Village in Qiangbai Town, west of Dali County. Also known as the North Household Army. Hujun Village is adjacent to the old cliff of Luohe in the south and the Luohe River in the north, and is located on the fertile Luohe beach. Above the slope of the old cliff is the Nanhu Army, now called Liangjiapo. In the past years, Hujun Village has benefited from the Luohe River and is a beautiful and rich northern village. According to villagers' legend, the origin of Hujun Village is that there were troops stationed here during the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, so it was named Hujun. There are four surnames in Hujun Village: Baijia, Tianjia, Dujia and Gaojia. Families live in groups. Because of Luohe, there are ditches in the village, bridges on the ditches, and temples on the high cliffs in the east of the village. There are rows of houses in the village, which are beautifully built. There are shipailou, ancestral hall, Wenchang pavilion and so on at the head of the village, so it has the reputation of "Little West Lake" and "Little Beijing". At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, a cultural celebrity-Bai Huancai appeared in Hujun Village. He was a famous collator and bibliophile at that time. Speaking of Bai Huancai, we have to start from his family. Bai's Genealogy, written by Bai Jixian, records that the ancestors of Bai were from Hongdong, Shanxi Province, and then moved to Tam Bridge in Huazhou, Shaanxi Province, and then moved to Hujun Village in Dali. Bai Jixian has been writing genealogy for more than ten generations from Yuan Dynasty to the tenth year of Kangxi. Bai Huancai (167-1684), Records of Tongzhou Prefecture, Records of Chaoyi County, Records of Dali County and other historical records are recorded. In the fifth year of Guangxu, Zhou Mingqi, the county magistrate, rebuilt the Continued Records of Dali County. He felt that the characters described in the previous records were too simple, such as Bai Huancai, Dangzhan, Li Shibin, Zhang Er, Wang Fuchang, Ma Zaitu and so on, and their cultural activities were only a few. After careful interview and collection, Zhou County Order supplemented it in detail, so we have the records we can see today. "Continued Records of Dali County" records: Bai Huancai, whose word contains truth or chastity, is a soldier of Beihu family, a tribute student, a filial piety and a respectful brother, who died in mourning, learned from his brother, tasted and learned from Feng Shaoxu (Feng Congwu), and when he heard and heard, he rejoiced with his words and secretly yearned for it, so he never made progress, studied hard and was complacent. The family is rich in books. Kang Xi Ding Wei, Li Zhongfu (Li Yong) came from the east, passed Bai's Xuan, and brought books they had never seen. In the summer of the following year, together with Li Dang (Zhan) Li (Shi Bin) and Ma Mi (yu), they welcomed Zhongfu to give lectures together. All four of them were twice as lucky as Zhongfu and forgot the year. They folded their verses and asked about the second song (Li Zhongfu), which was written by scholars and books. He also held a lecture with more than twenty people, including Zhang Er and Li Zixie, and exchanged views with each other. Fu Cheng and Hao Bin took photos of state affairs, listened to the lecture in Lu, and said, "Respect morality and music." And died, Zhongfu Zhi's tomb. Writing books is full of anecdotes. In Daoguang, Yi people, Liang Dianshan and Wang Jiong Zi (1), wrote two volumes of miscellaneous works, called "The Only Remaining Collection". After reading this passage, we have a more comprehensive understanding of Bai Huancai. He is a humble gentleman who is filial and respectful to his brother, eager to learn and make progress. At the end of the Ming dynasty, the current situation is in jeopardy, and intellectuals often feel confused about their future. Bai Huancai has a subordinate brother named Bai Xicai, who is also a scholar. He was studied by Feng Congwu, a famous scholar at that time. Feng's theory was highly respected, and Bai Huancai was influenced by him. From the beginning to the in-depth study, he finally decided to give up his official career in imperial examinations and embark on the road of academic research. In the Qing Dynasty, after Feng Congwu, another famous scholar named Li Qing appeared in zhouzhi county. Li Qing came to Tongzhou and lived in Bai Huancai's house. He brought new books and new ideas. Bai and Li talked deeply and studied their books. After studying, he was deeply infected and applauded, and decided that this was the idea he was pursuing. A year later, he and his colleagues in the same state greeted Li Yong to give lectures in the same state and learn from each other. Then put the essence of what you have learned into a book and distribute it widely. From this passage, we can see the unremitting pursuit of truth and scholarship by the intellectuals in Tongzhou headed by Bai Huancai at that time. What kind of philosophical theory is pursued by Bai Huancai and others, and what kind of academic research is engaged in? Is it worth abandoning fame, following it all your life, studying it and dedicating yourself? Second, let's approach "Guan Xue". Guan Xue is a Neo-Confucianism school formally founded by Confucian Shen Yan and Hou Ke and Zhang Zai at the time of the Northern Song Dynasty's celebration of the calendar. Because Zhang Zai is a native of Guanzhong, he is called "Mr. Hengqu", so it is called Guan Xue. "Guanxue" takes the Book of Changes as its religion, the Doctrine of the Mean as its body, the Rite as its use, and Confucius and Mencius as its method, and puts forward the philosophy of cosmology and ontology based on qi, which has become an important school in the history of Confucianism. The most popular and talked about is his "four sentences of the horizontal canal": "Make a heart for heaven and earth, make a life for the people, carry forward the past and learn from the past, and make peace for all generations." His theory lasted more than 8 years from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Feng Congwu and Li Erqu were the thinkers and educators who made the greatest contribution to Guan Xue in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They inherited and developed the thought of "Guan Xue". Feng Congwu, a Ming Dynasty man, was called "Master Kansai" at that time. He was a master of the integration of Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism and Lu Wang's Neo-Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty, and he was also the leader of Donglin Party in the northwest. After he was dismissed from office, he stayed at home for 25 years, devoted himself to studying, and gave lectures at Baoqing Temple in the south gate of Xi 'an to publicize his academic views and political opinions. There are many followers. In the 37th year of Wanli, Guanzhong Academy was founded. He wrote an inscription "Yu Custom", which contained a couplet: Be a good person, have a right heart, be healthy, and have a stable dream and soul; Do some good deeds, heaven knows, earth learns, ghosts and gods admire. At that time, Wei Zhongxian was in power, and all the world built shrines for him, except Shaanxi. Just because there are a large number of intellectuals like Feng Congwu in Shaanxi, they are not afraid of power and only believe in the truth. No wonder the vast number of scholars fall for it and worship it. Bai Huancai's subordinate brother Bai Xicai is one of his followers. Xicai deeply agrees with Feng Congwu's philosophical viewpoint and his life, and often tells it to his cousin. Bai Huancai carefully studied Feng's books, accepted Feng's theory, and thought it was the most reasonable thing in the world, which was worth studying and following all his life. When a person only knows what he wants, he is not hesitating. Since then, Bai Huancai has been "determined to make progress", no longer working hard on fame and career, and devoted himself to the study of Confucian classics. In the Qing Dynasty, zhouzhi county produced another "Guan Xue" master after Feng Congwu-Li Qing. Li Qing's word Zhongfu, no.2. Because Zhou Zhi's ancient characters were interpreted as folk songs and water songs in Hanshu, Li Yong called himself "Erqu" and the world called him "Mr. Erqu". Li Erqu's father died in the war when he was a child. He lived alone with his mother, and his family was poor. He borrowed books and studied hard. He read the classics and hundred schools of thought all over, and even read the books explaining Taoism with relish. He was the master of learning and the two schools of Zhu (Xi) and Lu (Jiuyuan), and took advantage of their strengths. After mastery, he put forward his own philosophical proposition: "Ming Dow deliberately thought of the body and made the world serve him. "The" things "of" learning from things "are extended to practical knowledge such as rites, music, military punishment, service and farming, and" Taixi water law ". His thoughts emphasize implementation, not empty talk, and don't waste words because of people. It is emphasized that truth comes not only from saints, but also from mortals. As long as you are willing to study hard, you can achieve it. At that time, he and Sun Qifeng and Huang Zongxi were called "three great Confucians" and went to Jiangnan to give lectures several times. The great fame alarmed the court. The imperial court cherished talents, and several times called them up with learned words, but Li Yong refused to * * *, and the emperor became angry and called them up again. Li Old Master Q was spared by hunger strike. Bai Huancai and other scholars in the same state, such as Dangzhan, Li Shibin, Zhang Er and Ma Qitu, became loyal companions and friends of Li Yong after Feng Congwu. Before the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1667), Li Yong came to stay in Baijia Village, Hujun Village, Tongzhou, and talked with Bai Huancai about the classics. In fact, Bai Huancai was sixty years old this year, while Li Qing was forty years old. Bai Huancai and several of them are nearly twice as old as Li Biao, but they admire Li Biao's theory, willingly worship young people as teachers, and learn modestly, so they became friends with Li Biao. In the third year, they welcomed Li Yong to Tongzhou, gave lectures in Guangchengguan, and widely spread Li Yong's thoughts and theories. "Knot of the scriptures, asked the second song. "Since then, more than twenty of them have set up lectures to learn, discuss and learn from each other, seek common ground while reserving differences, deeply study Mr. Er Qu's new Guan Xue thought, and push it to a new height with their own research. At the same time, the essence of learning is compiled into books and periodicals. In order to widely spread and expand the influence. In addition to Bai Huancai, The Continuation of Dali County also narrates the life stories and academic activities of Dang Zhan, Ma Qitu, Zhang Er, Li Shibin, etc., which shows that in that era, "Guan Xue", Feng Congwu and Li Erqu's philosophical views and personality charm have had a profound impact in the same state. In fact, after the Qing court entered the customs, there were a large number of intellectuals in Guanzhong area, headed by Mr. Li Yong of Erqu, who did not collude with the Qing court, became an official of the Qing dynasty, and did not eat the wealth of the Qing dynasty, showing the national integrity of "poverty cannot be moved, wealth cannot be lewd, and power cannot be bent". There are a large number of such people in the same state, headed by Mr. Wang Jianchang of Chaoyi Weiye, who wrote a poem saying, "Can the breeze blow me?" The bright moon shines on people. "Since the poor, just study academic, teaching and educating people, writing a book. Bai Huancai is also such a person. "Bai Genealogy" records: "Since the establishment of the country, people who have been from the dragon for a while have been rejoicing and eager to meet the situation. Zu (Huan Cai) secluded himself behind closed doors and refused to be honored. Therefore, although the family is rich and interested suddenly, the Guanzhong Churu group is based on the standard, which is why the name "Mr. Bo Ru" is called. From the time of Zhou to the time of collecting the monarch, Mr. Li Erqu and his ancestors interacted with each other, gave lectures, gave evidence, and studied quietly. The ancestors built a special bookstore to live in. Therefore, those who are good at the same time have to get together from time to time and achieve something. "The record of Bai Genealogy is almost the same as that of Dali County Xuzhi about the establishment of a seminar between Bai and Li Erqu, and the record of learning from each other is roughly the same. The Genealogy also records Mr. Bai's behavior in more detail. He closed the door to practice, refused to be honored, and did not seek the spirit of Wen Da, which coincided with Li Erqu. Therefore, they shared the same interests and became comrades. It is also mentioned in the genealogy that Bai Jia specially built a house for Mr. Erqu to live in and became a place where the scribes from the same state came to study and study. Therefore, the academic circles in the same state made great achievements at one time. In the network, it is mentioned: "(Bai Huancai) sits alone in one room all day, never releasing his books, and he is well versed in his studies, especially Chou. Hao Bin, a Shaanxi tongzhi, sighed after listening to his argument: "It's a Guanzhong document. "Rich books, a party. He wrote "Learning the marrow" and compiled it into Li Yong's "Two Songs". "For a local celebrity three or four hundred years ago, due to historical reasons and war, we can only learn about him from the remaining historical records. Go near him. Although all kinds of records are relatively brief, we can still read a man named Geng Jie who is tireless and indifferent to fame and fortune. Another record in "The Continuation of Dali County" is about his brother Bai Yaocai. The book says: "Bai Yaocai wrote a volume of" Hua Yin Ji "and kept it. Li Zhongfu wrote: I heard that there are hermits in the same state, including white Weng, who haven't tried to embrace talents, dive into virtue and glory, and suddenly look away from things and don't care about the world. Sex is fond of flowers, and everyone can't get out. All day long, flowers are the only thing. Gaixian is hidden in flowers, Liu Bolun is hidden in wine, and Taojing Festival is hidden in chrysanthemum, which is praised for its high wind and many questions. Weng Di berthed as a scholar, and made a series of essays, which was intended to be awarded as catalpa. However, due to failure, Weng Jizi gave a 6-pi performance, and then berthed as a scholar, and donated money to make it. Park as the ambition, this filial piety, there are many people, more than a few words, in order to lead its end. "In this article, Bai Yaocai wrote a book, and Li Erqu wrote the above words for the book. At first, Mr. Li highly praised Bai Yaocai for being talented and not being an official, only hiding in flowers, which was appreciated by many people. Park as help him edit a book, ready to go to press but failed. Later, his youngest son, Pi Zhen, wanted to publish it for him again, so he donated money and finally got a book. At the end of the article, the author spoke highly of Bai Huancai's filial piety, and he just made an introduction. "Continuation of Dali County" goes: "Bai Jixian, whose word is Pi Zhen, was born in Beihu, the second son of Huancai, and after his death, he was still young and mourned for nothing. After that, he wrote a volume of Yong Si Lu, which was prefaced by Li Zhongfu. "From this, we can see that the general situation and family style of the Bai family in Hujun Village, a bibliophile and collator, from Bai Xicai to Bai Yaocai, to Bai Huancai, to Bai Jixian, how deep their friendship with Feng Congwu and Li Erqu is. At this point, a scholarly family that pursues truth and is indifferent to fame and fortune clearly appears in our field of vision. It is in response to the beautiful wish of "Tianpa Huancai". According to the records in Bai's Genealogy, after the Renxu Rebellion, there was no way to search for it, and only two copies of Only Remaining Collection were obtained, which were handed down to the world. That is to say, after the War of Returning to Han Dynasty in 1862, most of the books in the family were lost. Fortunately, the Only Remaining Collection and Genealogy are still there. Now, more than a hundred years have passed, and the only surviving collection has been anecdote, and the Bai Family Tree has only a few pages left. In the Republic of China, after several wars in Hujun Village, Bai Huancai's tomb at the head of the village still exists, and the tombstone still exists. It reads: Surupo is like a tomb with a white male character, and the inscription is: The villagers remember that the white cemetery is located under the south cliff of the village, and it is called "the tomb of tuo". There are stone carvings in the cemetery. The White House has declined, but the village style of farming and reading has far-reaching influence, and the Confucian national style has already penetrated into the blood of the villagers. They still regard reading as the first priority in life and pursue it diligently. In the 194s, there were two college students in Hujun Village. One was Bai Ziyou, who studied in Yaoshan Middle School and graduated from Nanjing Jinling University of Political Science. He went to Taiwan Province in 1949 and later served as an official of the Ministry of Education of Taiwan Province. One is Bai Zhixin, who studied in Xianlin Middle School and graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Xi 'an Normal University. On the eve of * * * going to Taiwan in 1949, Bai Ziyou sent a letter to his family asking for the travel expenses. He wanted to go home. My father borrowed it from Bai Mingzhai, a township party in our village. Bai Mingzhai was then the president of Dali County Chamber of Commerce. He promised generously. Then send it. But the war is tight, and Bai Ziyou may not have received the toll, so he went to Taiwan Province. After graduating from Bai Zhixin Teachers College, he was sent to work in the Shanghai * * * Observation Mission, and was received by Yu Youren in Nanjing. Yu Lao wrote a letter to him and took a group photo. But things are unpredictable. After several twists and turns, he returned to his hometown, taught in Dali, Qiangbai and Yaoshan successively, and later became a farmer. Today's Hujun Village has moved to the high slope in the south of the village. The new village is neat and tidy, surrounded by new houses, trees and flowers, agriculture is prosperous, and culture and education are at the forefront. Become a beautiful and civilized village. Note: ① catalpa, a template used in old printing. This refers to printing. (2) Criterion, read gui.nie, an old tool for measuring the shadow time, which is used as a metaphor for norms or statutes. (3) a gentleman, a gentleman. People chou don't levy on the court are called "scholars", and they are respectfully called "gentlemen". ⑤ Liu Bolun refers to Liu Ling, a writer and poet in Wei and Jin Dynasties. One of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest. Liu Ling is a good wine. Tao Jingjie refers to Tao Yuanming, a famous poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and a good chrysanthemum. ⑥ Jizi, the youngest person in the brothers' ranking. There is a mistake here. Pi Zhen is Bai Jixian, and he is the second son of Bai Huancai. Not Bai Yaocai's youngest son. Ling Qin, surnamed Wang, loves literature, painting, good music, music history and calligraphy all his life. Years of writing, dancing and writing, struggling forward, a string of footprints. I think that a passer-by between heaven and earth is like grass mustard to the land, spray to the river, leaving little scratches, that's all. The song says: I was born by the Wei River, and I live in the garden of Xi sand. I have nothing to do in this life, but I write Yu Guangxi about my hometown.