Li Bai is a unique cultural phenomenon in China and a fertile ground for China's language and writing. Its long-standing existence and lasting artistic and humanistic charm must have its deep-seated reasons that cannot be copied and reversed. This, of course, requires our ontological consideration of Li Bai, romantic poetry and even literature. This consideration should be based on the existence of life, which is a question of Li Bai's revaluation. My understanding of Li Bai will never come close to saying that I really understand Li Bai's spiritual charm. Plus, I'm only 20 years old now, so I can't and can't get caught up in the study of that detail. It's inevitable that I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I'm in this mountain. When I think about Li Bai's works, I always tell myself that a person should be a sincere person. According to his own nature, rather than secular ideas, romance can only be based on human life. Let's talk about my three self-deprecating views and experiences:
First, poetry and life are integrated.
Life should be a poetic life. Therefore, romantic poets always remember the poetry of life, purify people's true feelings, and try to pull human beings out of various "dehumanized situations" and enlighten the heavy hearts of all beings under the increasingly serious alienation phenomenon. Shown in Li Bai, he is a strong "selfish" person. Other poets of Li Bai's contemporaries simply could not put their individual subjective consciousness at the height of Li Bai. On the other hand, other poets regard the world as the private interests of others, or regard the world as the private interests of all. Li Bai is a member of the royal family, which made him get rid of the dream of "Tian Shelang" that a poor scholar pursued diligently. He entered the DPRK at the age of forty, not because of the imperial examination, but because of the invitation of Xuanzong's court. The greatest prediction of Leonardo da Vinci's life is that human beings must have wings to fly! And devoted himself to the research of aircraft. Li Bai told us all his life that he is the wing of the human spirit. Li Bai wrote "Fu Dapeng" at the age of twenty, and wrote it near Lv Ge before his death. In other poems, he always compares himself to a Dapeng with huge wings to pin his ambition of "inspiring 3,000 people to rise and inspiring 90,000 people"! He takes the Taoist unity of heaven and earth as his goal and criterion, and it is precisely because of this that he can spread the wings of imagination. It is out of this mentality that he can influence people's true feelings and remember the poetry of life without being alienated.
Other poets think that the world belongs to the emperor, and they are just passers-by between heaven and earth. They praise the scenery they see in their life journey, paying more attention to flattery than sincerity. Even if it is sincere occasionally, it lacks Li Bai's phrase "Heaven and earth move, ghosts and gods are shocked" as a master. And Li Bai is a master. When he praises, he is natural and generous, just because he likes and loves from the heart. Let's see how Li Bai flies with the magical power of the whole life and vibrates the wings of imagination:
1. Li Bai has cherished the ambition of "helping the poor and securing the country" since his youth, and has been pursuing and persisting in his ideal, hoping to establish immortal achievements. He despises sparrows, has no desire for power coveted by ordinary people, and has a broad political vision, just like Dapeng's character. As Bobby Chen said, "Sparrows know the ambition of swans!" But he doesn't want to climb to the top of his career step by step, but wants to wait for the king and get ahead step by step. He has been lucky to succeed all his life, which is the direct embodiment of this kind of "lucky psychology": he settled the country in one fell swoop, got what he wanted in one word, marched to Chang 'an in the west, and wanted to be an ordinary soldier in his later years. This is similar to the way Dapeng catches prey. It looks at its prey from a distance in the clouds, and it is easy to catch it with its claws when diving.
In the world, Taoism dominates him, and he is free and unrestrained, doing nothing. When he was in teahouses and restaurants, "The emperor couldn't get on the horse and said I was Brewmaster". When he was in the Golden Palace, he asked Gao Lishi to take off his boots for him, which is a reflection of this mentality. Dapeng always seems to be free and free in flight, but it has its own unshakable liveliness and toughness.
He observes politics, human feelings and the world with the eyes of a poet, and sometimes he sees the essence extremely keenly. But overall, it's not romantic. Dapeng pecked down from the clouds, no longer as isolated and static as when looking at the world on the flat ground. It is not "seeing the trees but not the forest", but grasping in the dynamic, putting aside the interference of color, sound and shape, and better grasping the essence.
4. In art, he inherited the excellent romantic tradition since Zhuang Zhou and Qu Yuan, and showed his great ambition and elegant demeanor with the spirit of eclecticism and sweeping away the famine. As the saying goes, "The Yellow River falls into the East China Sea, and Wan Li writes it in his heart", "Xing Han put pen to paper to shake the five mountains, and poetry laughs into Ling Cangzhou". Among Li Bai's fifty-nine "Antique", there is a poem "I am determined to delete the narrative and never write again", posing as a new generation of intellectual leaders. Dapeng spreads his wings and flies low. When he looks around the world, elegance is the expression and style of Dapeng flying.
5. When Li Bai flies with wings divorced from reality, he is far away from social value judgment, which is the main reason for his tragicomedy, but at the same time, it also injects charm beyond the times into his romantic poems. Compared with ordinary poets, Taibai's poems are almost connected by arrogant self. "Shame on Shu Ren" made him "arrogant and mean" all his life. This unprecedented indifference includes that the people can't understand him, and he can't understand the "double distress" of the people. However, his persistent pursuit of ideals and great love for life made him unwilling to yield-"shame and chickens eat together and grow into a group together." Du Fu also mentioned in his poems that Li Bai was not understood: "Our capital is full of nosy people, and you are lonely, helpless and poor!" " "The world wants to kill, I only sympathize." Dapeng's unique flying instinct upset him, but he would never give up easily.
6. Li Bai can express grief and indignation that is not understood by the world, which is reflected in his unconventional spirit and the magnanimity of crazy songs. In the violent emergency stop, he can express his extreme pain as being extremely detached from all the extraordinary momentum: "Luling is the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, so why bother hanging on the long street!" "Reaching is not expensive enough, and poverty is not sad enough!" "Gold and white walls buy songs and laugh, and when you are drunk, wait for the king!" "It's not too late to make a comeback." Dapeng can soar into the sky in the storm, showing his vitality, which is determined by his aloof and indifferent personality. The transcendence of Li Bai's spiritual realm is almost unmatched by poets in the Tang Dynasty and even later generations. This transcendence makes his poetry more powerful than ever before, and also fully displays people's vitality and personality. In this sense, Li Bai is a real poet and a person who writes poems with his life.
Poem Example 1 "Xie Tiao Building Farewell Letter Shu Yun"
Those who dislike me can't stay yesterday, and those who disturb my heart are more worried about today. Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng, and the contrast can be profound. The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie. I'm afraid of flying. I want to go to the sky and embrace the bright moon. But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword and raise your cup to drown your sorrow. There are always unpleasant things in life. Tomorrow I will loosen my hair and go fishing.
Li Bai's farewell poems occupy a considerable proportion in his poems, but it can be said that each farewell poem is not for writing poems, but for expressing emotional needs. His poems all jump out of his heart and beat with the pulse of the times. In farewell poems, he can always get rid of insincerity, hold his head high and express his feelings directly. Such as "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" and "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou", not only there is no trace of entertainment, but also the expression is expressive and skillful. The poet is happy and sad, happy and sad, and the image of changeable emotions jumps violently. It truly reflects a poet's complex mood of complaining and not hating. Li Bai's poems can jump out of the stereotype of social poetry because he is full of sincerity. There is a harmonious beauty in the connection between form and meaning, so Du Fu rated it as "floating in the air and thinking differently".
Li Bai is a person who can make foreign things serve China anytime and anywhere, with a strong subjective color, which is reflected in his song "Taking the First Person as the Viewpoint". This practice of Li Bai undoubtedly brought disharmony to his works, or a sense of tension and jumping. However, Li Bai's romantic poems, which are not bound by his heart, will only spread their wings in a world where things are different and heaven and man are integrated through the form that most poets think it is impossible to write poems.
Second, rationality cannot guarantee the correctness of people's judgments. People should take their inner spirituality as the foundation of the outside world and judge according to their intuition and epiphany.
Li Bai is a spiritual poet. He has a strong subjective feeling and attaches importance to intuition. His feelings are passionate, and when he writes poetry, he is a bold and elegant spirit, which shows his great power of not donating with the momentum of a river. Du Fu, like a stone by the sea, stood quietly on the shore and expressed his poems with a clumsy force. The ontology of German romantic poets thinks: "The poet hopes to get rid of bondage and vulgarity in the country of poetry and achieve absolute freedom. Thus, in the trance state, the imagination passion and fantasy of poetry are given a limited life and the eternity of time is grasped. " A problem can be seen from the different understanding of poetry ontology between East and West. In China's poetry creation, the requirement for "ambition" is very low, as long as it is the expression of some kind of emotion. The specific form of five words or seven words depends on the poet's own subjective likes and dislikes, but in fact, most poets are self-disciplined, not only in neat format, but also never more than half a step. As for what the appreciator wants, there is no "trance" state and "eternity of time".
From the simple analysis and comparison of the concept of poetry, it is not difficult to see that poetry creation in different times has some characteristics. There is a debate about which is better in writing poems and practicing Buddhism: epiphany or gradual practice, direct expression of one's feelings and feelings with intuition, hard practice with rational observation, wandering immortals in Taoism or ascetic monks. One has passed the wine and meat sausage, and the other has abided by the five commandments and ten laws. Can you hold on today? This argument has led to the split of Buddhism, and by extension, there are also southern sects and northern sects in life and poetry. The knowledge of the Northern School is profound and comprehensive, while the knowledge of the Southern School is clear and concise. "Northerners read like watching the moon, while southerners read like watching the sun. The northern style is backward, while the southern style is vertical. The northern Sect is heavy in detail, and the southern Sect is probably heavy. " The same is true of poetry. Li Bai is a spiritual poet. He worships Xie Lingyun very much. His heart is often "empty", so there is nothing to hold back. He can grasp the feelings of the moment, and is not limited to expressing his inner "ambition".
In the romantic poets with rippling human spirit, the subject emotion has been dissolved in the poem to the maximum extent, and even the living subject has disappeared in the language. At the same time, the choice of formal language of language has been preserved, and the theme has become an extremely secondary issue. There is only one conscious impulse between the subject and the appreciator, which is the cosmic consciousness mentioned in the third point below.
Reading Du Fu's poems and reading Li Bai's poems, I always have two different feelings, that is, Du Fu is quietly watching life, while Li Bai is wasting his life. Each of our readers communicates with the poet through every feeling. In addition, Li's poems are different from Du Fu's. In Li's poems, friends in the past tense have not yet entered Shu Road, but Li's poems have appeared. After reading them, it seems to be relaxing after a trip, while Du Fu's is to tell readers how it rained after the rain has cleared up. The former has the beauty of imagination, while the latter has the joy of memories.
Second, pursue the mysterious fit and resonance with nature, and oppose the rational separation and confrontation between man and nature.
This is shared by Li Bai and all romantic poets and writers, that is, they have a strong sense of the universe.
Zhuang Zhoumeng saw the butterfly, and he couldn't tell whether the butterfly became Zhuang Zhou or Zhuang Zhou became a butterfly in his dream. In Tian Wen, Qu Yuan asked a series of questions to Heaven, and * * * put forward more than 70 questions/kloc-0. Li Bai compared himself to Dapeng all his life. Can he fly freely in the sky like Dapeng, or can Dapeng have bohemian thoughts like Li Bai? ! A person with such a strong sense of the universe cannot sacrifice his inner spirituality for reason. His spirituality can only come from his strong life and his strong love for the mysterious fit between life and the universe. Since there is day, there must be night, and there is "entropy" to condense our energy. Since life exists, there must be death, and life is beautiful, so death must be beautiful. A man with cosmic consciousness can transcend the two ends of paranoia and watch the rise and fall of both, so he also has the worry of advancing and retreating. Li Bai is such a person who can drink the gains and losses, the pains and the joys in life. He can do this because of his strong love for his own life, which comes from the full recognition of the survival of any natural life. Throughout the history of human development, people's anxiety has gone through three stages: one is the realistic anxiety of life, and the other is the moral anxiety. Third, it is mental anxiety. Nietzsche once said, "God is dead!" "-this is their anxious voice. People with a strong sense of the universe, they retire to the mountains and become hermits, where there will be no interference from political wars and threats to their lives, but in order to get rid of Jing Xiu's helplessness, they attack social morality in order to improve people's spiritual life. Li Bai is like this, so are Zhuangzi, Ji Kang and Tao Yuanming.
The greatest feature of modernist painting is the pursuit of the overall effect of painting. At first, it looked like a touching painting, but later on, it was just a list of colors and geometric figures. This is different from classical painting. It looks like some touching details, and the meaning of the later painting comes out. This is like the difference between Li Bai's poems and Du Fu's poems.
For example: Look at Lushan Waterfall.
The sun shone on the incense stone and lit a wisp of smoke.
I watched the waterfall plunge into the long river from a distance.
The current flew down 3,000 feet
Until I think the Milky Way has fallen from the ninth floor of heaven.
The whole poem has no fixed perspective, nor is it expressed by a "distance". Poets don't usually stand on a high place and watch the water of the waterfall run down, nor do they look up at the water of the waterfall hanging straight from the sky, let alone find the same mountain head to watch the whole process of the waterfall. Instead, Li Bai turned himself into a drop of water in a waterfall and ran down at will in the process of flowing down the waterfall. He felt the expectation of the cliff stone. This drop of water is not afraid of the weightlessness of body and life. No matter whether the rock breaks into pieces on it or not, he is looking forward to this glory. This drop of water with its own potential energy rushed down, falling faster and faster, unstoppable. This is the last energy contained in his whole life, and the weight of that drop of water is not only the weight of his life. At this time, he didn't know whether the waterfall was his or his. The heavens and the earth are dizzy and the rocks are blurred. He was intoxicated by his own strength. The length of three thousand miles is too long and too short for him, and he has the right to appreciate this life more deeply.
This poem is written in conjunction with Lushan ballad. At that time, he was sixty years old, only two years away from the end of his life. It is in this sense that Li Bai is a romantic poet. He has a universal consciousness in harmony with heaven and earth. Mr. Liang Shiqiu once said: "Only when a poet reaches a certain age can he lose his childlike innocence." The Milky Way, the water in the waterfall and the cliff stones no longer have their original meaning, but are part of his romantic poems. Let me talk about the death of a romantic poet.
1 Laozi's death (generally speaking, he is not a romantic poet, but he is a man with universal consciousness and humanity). He rode a green cow out of Hangu Pass and disappeared. We don't know what he saw or why he went. In a war-torn era, he abandoned some things, but integrated with his body. No one interfered with his mind and pursued his path. 2 Zhuangzi's death: Lin Yutang's "The Wisdom of Laozi" records: "When Zhuangzi died, his disciples asked for a thick burial, but Zhuangzi said:" I take heaven and earth as coffins, the sun and the moon as jade walls, the stars as burial beads, and everything comes to the funeral. Isn't this a strong funeral? What else can I ask for? "3 Qu Yuan's death: He died in the Miluo River during the Dragon Boat Festival. He didn't just die for Chu. He broke away from his own body. He died of singing Tian Wen, and he died of chanting Li Sao. Anyone who embraces their true self and dies. Death is an experience of universal consciousness, and his death is the life after his life. 4 Li Bai's death: drowning. He was drunk on the boat and tried to catch the moon in the water and died. He died of chanting Fu Dapeng's "Stimulate 3,000 and reap 90,000 quickly". When he died, he had the moon in his heart. When he threw the water, the moon broke, and he became the moon in the water. He discovered the perfection and light of the moon and life.
Every romantic poet gives the greatest recognition to his life. It is precisely because of his greatest recognition of his life that everything he did was endowed with eternal vitality by his own actions, accompanied by his death. The death of every romantic poet is a great loss and a perfection of human spirituality. This is a nirvana of human poetic life history. What is the romanticism mentioned above? What are romantic poems and poets? To truly become a romantic poet, first of all, you must be a romantic. The basis of being a romantic person is to learn that the psychological state has an unchangeable characteristic, which we might as well call stability. If there is no external information, then everyone will continue to live according to this stability. What he says to everyone he meets, what he does in the morning and what he does at night, will be methodical. But there is variability in people's psychological state. When there is a lot of foreign information, he can't continue to do things according to the routine. He will seek a new way of life to relieve his depression. At this time, he told his familiar friends that he would feel that he had suddenly changed. And if he realizes that people around him have a bad opinion of himself because of his psychological state, he will hesitate and hope to return to the original way of doing things at once, but this situation is as irreversible as "entropy", so he misses the past, recalls the past, pursues his childhood and denies all the failures and successes now.
Romantic poets are different. They are good at changing their psychological state. I'm really happy for this change. He felt that he was exposed to a new content of life. He can still keep that childlike innocence without damaging his spirituality. So he dared to let Gao Lishi take off his boots, although his peers would think it was arrogant and think it would make him inconvenient to do things, so he did it as always. So he dared to die by drowning and catch the moon. He only does this because he likes to have the kind of loss and meaning that the world says.
Indeed, "poetry expresses ambition" is based on the heart, and the heart is ambition, which is poetry. Being a man is like writing poetry. You can do what you think, that is, you can transform everything in life into the artistic conception in poetry, and the effect of doing things will be integrated with what you think. I don't know whether he writes poetry or speaks. He has no secular concept. In the course of life, every change makes romantic poets feel caught and no longer stay in a certain state. Romantic poets are glad that they can adapt to all conditions and live freely. Every change in a person's psychological state can be said to be a death of the past self. If you have a sense of honor and loftiness about this change, you will have a sense of identity with yourself. Others break your mental state and give you a brand-new idea in an activity. If you have shame, fear and anxiety, you will die once. If you overcome this feeling, you will become friends with him. If you are not far from this life, you will be more self-enclosed.