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Tang dynasty: Gao Shi
The northeast border of China is shrouded in smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric invaders, our generals left their families.
Stride forward together, looking like heroes should watch, and received the emperor's most cordial favor.
They walked through the elm pass with the sound of gongs and drums. They waved a row of flags around the stone tablet.
Until their captain in Shahai gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashed along the Wolf Mountain.
The highlands and rivers on the outer border were cold and desolate, but soon the barbarians' horses ran wild in the wind and rain.
Half of us were killed at the front, but the other half are still alive, and the beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them at the camp.
In autumn, the desert is full of grass, the sun sets, and there are only a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall.
Serve the just cause and despise life and enemies. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still unsafe.
Still in the front line, the real clothes are thin, and it's time for Bai Weiling to look after his departure.
Still in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking forward to going home in vain.
The wind cut off our progress, and there was nothing ahead in the place of death and blue void.
Three times a day, the dark clouds of slaughter rose over the camp. All night, the drums on the hour trembled and gave a cold rumble.
Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame?
However, when it comes to the hardships of desert war, today we will mention Li, a great general who lived a long time ago.
Translation:
Fireworks rose at the border of the Tang Dynasty, and dust rose in the northeast.
The generals of the Tang Dynasty left home to break the cruel border thieves.
Soldiers are invincible on the battlefield,
The emperor gave them a generous reward in particular.
Gong resounded through the heavy drums and sounded out of Shanhaiguan.
Flag in the wind, hunting in Jieshi Mountain.
A captain urgently sent a feather book to fly across the vast sand sea.
Huns are only hunting for fire, so they come to my Wolf Mountain.
There is wind and rain in the sound of the powerful weapons of the Hu people cavalry.
Beautiful women are still singing and dancing in the camp!
It's late autumn now, and the grass outside the desert has withered.
The lonely city is the reflection of the sunset, and the number of soldiers is getting less and less.
Deeply indebted to the royal family, he often thinks about serving the country and ignoring the enemy.
The frontier fortress has tried its best to break the encirclement of Xiongnu.
For a long time, it was difficult to defend remote battlefields in armor.
Tears fell on her eyes, and her husband left crying alone.
The young woman lives alone in the south of the city, crying and heartbroken.
The soldiers of Jibei Expeditionary Force frequently turned back in the air.
How can the border come and go freely,
The land in the distance is boundless and uninhabited.
Murder, spring, summer and autumn, rises like a dark cloud,
Crying all night in the cold wind is even more shocking.
Don't die to serve the country, but also seek meritorious service?
You can't see how hard it is to fight on the battlefield.
I still miss the brave and resourceful General Li.
Appreciate:
This poem warmly praises the heroic patriotic spirit of the soldiers, and at the same time severely criticizes the hedonism and corruption of the generals, which makes the bitterness, solemnity and shamelessness form a distinct echo. End the sentence with a past metaphor, pointing out the bad consequences caused by improper employment of people in the court, which is more profound than the general meaning of thinking about famous soldiers because of Jingbian. The whole poem is vivid in image, bold and unrestrained in momentum, with four sentences and one rhyme, flowing freely.
The main purpose of the poem is to condemn the generals who were encouraged by the emperor for their arrogance, underestimation of their enemies, debauchery and dereliction of duty, which led to the failure of the war and caused great pain and sacrifice to the soldiers. The poet wrote about the frontier war, but the focus was not on ethnic contradictions, but on generals who sympathized with soldiers, satirized and resented them.
The whole poem describes the whole process of a battle with very concentrated pen and ink: the first paragraph, eight sentences are about division, the second paragraph, eight sentences are about defeat, the third paragraph, eight sentences are about besieged city, and the fourth paragraph and four sentences are about the outcome of a desperate struggle. Between these segments, the pulses are dense.
The first two sentences in the poem show the position and nature of the war. Seeing refers to current events, and I feel it. "quick march, great minds think alike, and is favored by the emperor" is ostensibly a boast of Korea's majestic voyage to the West, but it is actually an irony. Fan Kuai said in front of Lv Hou, "I would like to have 100,000 troops running amok among the Huns." Lu Bu rebuked him to his face for cheating the monarch. Therefore, the origin of this "rampage" is to rely on courage and underestimate the enemy. Tang Ruxun said, "It is said that the smoke and dust is in the northeast, but it was not committed in our mainland. It was destroyed by the Han Dynasty. Gai Ming is heavy and rampant, and the son of heaven is thick and polite. Can you not bother? " This understanding is correct. Then he described the process of marching: "They marched in the sound of gongs and drums and passed through the Yushu Pass. They surrounded the stone tablet with a row of flying flags." We can know the general's arrogant attitude before the war through the scene of beating the sky with a golden drum and swaggering forward, which also played a role in setting off the following. At the beginning of the war, the word "flying" warned the military crisis: "The hunting fire of the Chief Tatar flashed on the Wolf Mountain", just like "watching the Ming king hunt at night, riding the fire clearly, beating drums and wailing, shocking people!" Unexpectedly, the "residual thief" is so powerful. From resigning to the countryside, to Guan Yu, Jieshi, and even Hanhai and Langshan, eight poems summarize the course of the expedition, gradually advancing and the atmosphere gradually tense.
The second paragraph is about losing in a key battle. Putting pen to paper is "the mountains and rivers outside are cold", which shows an open and steep area and brings out a cold atmosphere. "Hu Qi" came quickly and fiercely, rolling in like a storm. The Han army struggled to meet the enemy and was killed in the dark. However, at this moment, the generals are far away from their positions for fun: "There are still beautiful girls dancing and singing for them in the camp!" " Such a harsh contrast of facts has effectively exposed the contradiction between the generals and soldiers in the Han army and hinted at the reasons for the failure. So what is written behind is the tired soldiers, the difficult encirclement, the lonely city sunset, the decaying grassland and the gloomy scenery, which have distinct frontier characteristics and set off the desolation of the defeated soldiers. When you are lucky, you despise your enemies. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still unsafe. In view of the above, Han Jiang's heroic spirit of "rampaging" has vanished, and his guilt is certain.
The description of soldiers' sufferings in the third paragraph is a deeper condemnation of Han Jiang. It should be noted that this is not a general description of the war process, but a portrayal of the soldiers in danger of being besieged. The next trio of "still at the front line, dressed in rags", a sentence of finding a husband and a sentence of losing a wife in the suspense of finding a husband are intertwined, and the pain of parting gradually deepens. The young women in the south of the city are sad day and night, but "the fury of the wind cuts my man?" It is futile to look back on the people in northern Hebei. After all, "in a place of death and blue emptiness, there is nothing ahead!" Leave Wan Li, and you'll never see it again. "Life is here, and Heaven is better!" What's more, what you can see during the day is just that "the clouds of slaughter three times a day rise over the camp"; At night, I only heard that "and the whole night is on the hour-the drums are shaking their chilly rumbling". Such a critical desperate situation really died in front of me, and people can't help but wonder who pushed them to this desperate situation. This is an indispensable part of deepening the theme.
The last four sentences are the whole article, and the tragic feelings are incisively and vividly. "Until the White Sword is seen again, blood is everywhere. When death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think of fame?" Finally, the soldiers fought hand-to-hand with the enemy and fought bloody battles. Is this the spirit of sacrificing one's life for righteousness? How simple, kind and brave they are, but how sad they are!
The poet's feelings contain sympathy and praise, while Gu Xun is a powerful mockery of the Han generals' rash expansion of territory and rash claim for credit. In the last two sentences, the poet said emotionally: "However, when it comes to the hardships of desert war, today we are going to mention Li, a great general who lived a long time ago!" Eight or nine hundred years ago, Li Guang, the flying general of Weizhenbei, took good care of his foot soldiers everywhere and made them "die of joy". This is in stark contrast to those arrogant generals. It is of great significance for the poet to put forward General Li. From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, there have been thousands of years. There are countless generals who drove the soldiers to the chicken to fly and the dog to jump. There are more soldiers who worked hard to prepare their bodies and bury them in foreign countries than Qian Qian! However, there has only been one Li Guang for thousands of years, so why not teach people to remember him hard? Du Fu praised the poems of Gao Shi and Cen Can: "The meaning is just flying, and the articles are always mixed."
Ge Yanxing is not only Gao Shi's "first masterpiece" (evaluated by Zhao Xi), but also a masterpiece of frontier poems in the whole Tang Dynasty. This is not accidental, it has been told through the ages.