Writer. The pseudonym of Samuel Langhesh Clemens. 1835165438+1October 3 1 Hannibal was born in Florida, Missouri, and grew up on the Mississippi River. Father, a disgruntled village lawyer and shopkeeper, died at the age of 12. He once studied typesetting. 185 1 year, he worked as a compositor in a newspaper run by his brother Olers and began to learn to write humorous sketches. After 1853, I worked as a compositor in the midwest and east. 1856, went to New Orleans and wanted to go to Brazil. When I was sailing south along the Mississippi River, I met the old helmsman Horace bixby and worshipped him as my teacher. /kloc-after school started in October and August, I worked as a helmsman on the Mississippi River until the civil war broke out and the waterway traffic was cut off. He once joined the Confederate army in the war. 186 1 year, Olers was sent by President Lincoln as a secretary to the regional government of West Nevada. He followed, trying to get rich in the timber industry and mining industry, but failed, so he turned to writing articles for a living. 1862 works in a newspaper in Virginia, Nevada. 1863 began to use the pseudonym "Mark Twain". 1864 I met humorist A Ward and novelist B Hart in San Francisco, and got their encouragement and help, which improved my writing level. 1865, he published a humorous story "The Famous Jumping Frog in Kara Velas County" in a magazine in new york, which made him famous all over the country. Since then, I have often written humorous articles for newspapers and periodicals. 1866 went to Hawaii for an interview, 1867 traveled to Europe and Palestine with a group of tourists and worked as a reporter in Quaker City. The report he wrote was later compiled into A Fool's Travel Abroad (1869).
1870 Mark Twain married Olivia Langdon, the daughter of a capitalist in New York State. After marriage, I lived in Buffalo, edited and published Express Yourself, and sold it one year later because of too much loss. The book Hard Times, published by 1872, reflects his life experience in the newly developed western region, which records some anecdotes, especially humorous stories with American western characteristics. 1873 co-authored The Gilded Age with Richard Werner, which was his first novel.
187 1 year, Mark Twain moved to Hartford, Connecticut. He became a famous writer and humorous speaker. After that, his childhood was the harvest period of his creation. 1875 Mark Twain wrote an article for Atlantic Monthly at the invitation of howells. He wrote seven articles about his early life as a helmsman on the Mississippi River, and then compiled them into a book called The Past of the Mississippi River. Eight years later, he returned to his hometown and expanded the book into On the Mississippi River (1883).
1876, the novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was published. Although this book is set in a small town on the Mississippi River, it is loved by readers of all ages. There are many stories about naughty Tom, his partner Huckleberry Finn and Tom's girlfriend Becky Thatcher, many of which are the author's personal experiences and have many interesting plots that are in line with children's psychology.
Another important novel of Mark Twain, The Adventures of Harburg Finn, was written in 1876 and published in 1884. This novel has been highly praised by critics, welcomed by readers at home and abroad, and constantly banned.
Mark Twain published "Americans in King Arthur's Court" on 1889. It and The Prince and the Poor Child (188 1) are both novels that satirize the feudal system and religion in the background of Britain. From 65438 to 0894, Mark Twain wrote "Fool Wilson", which portrayed Roxey as an aggressive slave girl. Before and after this, his family suffered misfortune: two daughters died of illness and his wife's health deteriorated; He failed to invest in automatic typesetting machine and went bankrupt. In order to pay off his debts, he traveled around to give speeches and visited Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia, India and South America. 1897 wrote A Journey to the Equator, in which he satirized and condemned the oppression of the colonial people by imperialism, and opposing imperialism became the central idea of his later creation. The Biography of Joan of Arc was published in 1896, describing the life of Joan of Arc, a French national heroine in15th century. Mark Twain paid off all his debts. 1900 10 After leaving the United States to live in Europe for nearly ten years, he and his family returned to the United States and were warmly welcomed and became leaders in the literary and art circles. Many contemporary novels, poems and literary works published after 1900 have not lost their edge.
1904, his wife died in Italy. Mark. Twain entered the final stage of his career. In his early novels, poems and literary works, such as The Adventures of Harburg Finn, his pessimism about "human beings" (actually the bourgeoisie) became the main theme of some of his novels, poems and literary works. The novella The Man Who Corrupted Hadleyburg (1900) and the essay What's wrong with people? "(1906), the story" The Mysterious Visitor "(19 16) are all reflected. The most important work in his later years is an autobiography dictated by him and recorded by his secretary. April 2 19 10 died.