At the beginning, Mr. Li told the students that there are two learning objectives in this class, one is to clarify the common angles of Chinese appreciation, and the other is to master the methods of doing Chinese appreciation.
Generally speaking, language taste includes rhetorical devices, words, sentence features, punctuation marks and so on.
Rhetoric is an important part of the study of taste language. Eight rhetorical devices commonly used in senior high school entrance examination: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, repetition, rhetorical question, antithesis.
1, metaphor
Metaphor is a rhetorical method to describe or explain thing A with thing B similar to thing A. Metaphor can make things concrete and reasonable, and make language visual and expressive. There are three components in form: ontology, vehicle and figurative words. According to the similarities and differences of these three components, metaphor can be divided into three categories: simile, metaphor and metonymy.
Simile refers to the appearance of ontological metaphorical words. Commonly used figurative words are: like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like. ...
Metaphor means that ontological vehicles have appeared, but the metaphorical words are: become, become, become, equal, etc. , or connect with a dash.
Such as this sentence in Bing Xin's Lotus Leaf-Mother: Mother, you are a lotus leaf, and I am a red lotus!
Metonymy is an ontology closely related to the vehicle. In a specific context, ontology does not appear and is directly understood by vehicles.
For example, Lu Xun's Hometown: I seem to have a cold shiver, and I know that there is a thick barrier of sadness between us.
The joint entrance examination will be examined from two aspects: limited appreciation angle or unlimited appreciation angle.
For example, 20 17 Henan volume "Only weeping willows": appreciate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph according to the requirements in brackets.
As long as two people transfuse blood together every day. She immediately began to teach the patient (from the perspective of words)
20 19 dew on the moon belt in Suqian, Jiangsu;
Palace walls can't surround him, money can't buy him, darkness can't ban him, and praise can't confuse him. (Appreciate the effect of expression from the perspective of rhetoric)
Appreciation of underlined sentences in Qingdao Volume 20 19 "Every stitch and thread is love":
(Father cuts easily ...) Much like a farmer plowing the fields. When the tip of the plow was inserted into the land, there was only a cry and the black soil turned right along the plow.
This sentence uses a vivid rhetorical device, comparing the cutting process to a farmer plowing the field, vividly writing the ease of his father when cutting, and showing his superb cutting skills and love for his career.
20 18 "Cooking Smoke is an Ink Painting in the Village" in Suqian, Jiangsu Province, whether cooking smoke is a morning bell or a dusk drum in a small village conveys the information that villagers get up every morning and go to bed late. Appreciate it from the perspective of rhetoric.
Using figurative rhetoric, the morning and evening cooking smoke is compared to the morning bell and the evening drum, which vividly shows people's habit of working and sleeping according to cooking smoke.
Step 2 incarnate
Personification is writing things as adults. A rhetorical device that endows things with human actions, behaviors or thoughts and feelings. This is an analogy. (Analogy also includes simulacra).
The use of personification can make readers have a vivid impression on the things described, and can also feel the author's strong feelings about things.
For example, in Lao She's Winter in Jinan, this circle of hills is particularly lovely in winter, as if Jinan were put in a small cradle. They all whispered, "Don't worry, it will be warm here."
Metaphor and personification rhetoric are used to compare and personify the hill, and it is written that the environment in Jinan in winter is warm, which shows the author's love for the surrounding environment of Jinan.
20 19 burning kapok in Nanchong, Sichuan province, underlined in the third paragraph-"With kapok, Jinsha River will no longer feel tired." What rhetorical devices are used? A brief comment. This sentence uses anthropomorphic rhetoric to endow kapok and Jinsha River with human modality, and vividly writes the intertwined collision between Jinsha River and kapok trees along Jinsha River. Kapok adorns the river with its own figure, giving the Jinsha River spring and bright colors.
Step 3 exaggerate
Exaggeration is deliberately exaggerating, deliberately exaggerating, narrowing or guiding the description of the image characteristics and the degree of action of people or things, so as to emphasize or highlight one aspect of their characteristics.
For example, Xiang Yu's "Gaixia Song" is deliberately exaggerated. "The only quiet thing in the classroom is the rustling of the pen on the paper" is deliberately narrowed; "The wine has not touched the lips, but the heart is hot", which is deliberately ahead.
Exaggeration can highlight the essence of things through exaggeration, or strengthen some feelings of the author, set off the atmosphere and arouse readers' association.
For example, Zong Pu's Wisteria Waterfall: I have never seen such a blooming wisteria, only a brilliant lavender, falling from the sky like a waterfall, without beginning or end. This sentence uses metaphor and exaggerated rhetoric to compare wisteria to a waterfall, "hanging from the air", exaggerating that wisteria has long branches and magnificent flowers, expressing the author's love for wisteria.
20 19 Moon Wet by Dew in Suqian City, Jiangsu Province. Taste the underlined sentences in the text and answer them as required. Palace walls can't surround him, money can't buy him, darkness can't ban him, and praise can't confuse him. (Appreciate the effect of expression from the perspective of rhetoric)
For example, this sentence praised the moon's coldness and tolerance, firmness and selflessness from many angles and aspects through parallelism and enthusiastic rhetoric. This sentence is powerful and rhythmic.
Step 4 be parallel
Parallelism is a rhetorical method of juxtaposing three or more words or sentences with the same or similar structure, related content and consistent tone. The use of parallelism can make the writing full of rhythm and persuasiveness, and enhance the expression effect and momentum of the article.
For example, Ansai waist drum in Liu Chengzhang has such a saying:
Like a shower, it is a rapid drum sound; Like a whirlwind, it is a flying tassel; Like a frog, it is a jumping step; Like a spark, it is a flashing pupil; Fighting tigers is a powerful charm.
This parallel sentence pattern describes the scene of swallowing mountains and rivers while performing Ansai waist drum, and shows the vigorous vitality of people on the Loess Plateau. Wang Yang's language is bold and unrestrained, which is impressive.
5, repeatedly
Repetition means consciously repeating a word or sentence according to the needs of expression. Repetition can emphasize and strengthen tone, recite repeatedly and express strong feelings.
For example, Zhu Ziqing's Spring: Look forward, look forward, the east wind is coming, and the pace of spring is approaching. Here are two "expectations", which shows the author's longing for spring.
Hebei Volume Memories of Mr. Qi Baishi 20 18 Please simply appreciate the sentences with wavy lines in the selected text-
(Qi Lao is as happy as a child:) Good! All right! This little rabbit is enchanted, but it is a little tender. Very good!
With the word "good" and repeated rhetoric, the rabbit painted by "I" is vivid and vivid, which highlights Mr. Qi Baishi's happiness and encouragement to "I".
Step 6 ask a rhetorical question
Rhetorical question is a rhetorical device, which expresses something in the form of a question to strengthen the positive or negative tone.
For example, Wen Yiduo's "The Last Speech"-"Do you think you can scare the people by fighting a few and killing a few?" This sentence uses rhetorical questions to emphasize that the people will not be intimidated, and the tone is strong, expressing the author's strong hatred for reactionaries.
Step 7 ask questions
Asking questions is to emphasize a certain part of the content by deliberately asking questions first, knowing perfectly well, asking questions by yourself and answering them by yourself. The use of questions can attract people's attention, inspire thinking, better describe the ideological activities of characters, highlight some contents and make the article change.
For example, in Cao Wenxuan's Lonely Journey, "How far to go, what is ahead, the front is unknown."
This sentence uses rhetorical questions, asking and answering questions, highlighting the unknown ahead, describing Du Xiaokang's psychological activities, causing readers to think and making the language rich in changes.
8. Duality
Duality is a rhetorical method, which uses a pair of phrases or sentences with the same word and structure to express two related or opposite meanings.
For example, Zhu Ziqing's Spring-"Relax, be full of energy and do your own thing."
This sentence is dual, concise in language, neat in sentence pattern, harmonious in phonology, full of rhythm and musical beauty.
Appreciating language from the perspective of words refers to the method of highlighting the characteristics of things by analyzing the use of key verbs, adjectives, adverbs, interjections, overlapping words and onomatopoeia words in sentences.
For example, the 20 19 Guangdong volume "Lights Like Red Beans" tastes the following words and analyzes its expression effect-
I suddenly took a look, only to see her shaking all over, throwing everything away, and then holding the index finger of her right hand tightly with her left hand.
"Holding" means holding and writing the reaction of mother when she was stabbed, which shows her tenacious character in the face of suffering.
"I want to hug him and look at the punctured hand. I want to persuade him to go to bed."
"Hug" is a hug, which highlights the heartache of "I" when I saw my mother being stabbed, and reflects my concern for my mother.
20 17 Henan volume "Only weeping willows stay", according to the requirements in brackets, enjoy the sentences with horizontal lines in the second paragraph.
Every day, as soon as two people finish blood transfusion, he immediately begins to teach small patients. (appreciation from the perspective of words)
Reference answers-"every day" and "as soon as possible"
20 18 Taste the expression effect of some words in the underlined sentence in the second paragraph of the book Gardenia Blossoms in the Heart.
Golden stamens, clusters, crowded, blooming wantonly, like naughty and lovely elves.
For example, "Tuan Tuan", "Cluster" and "Squeeze" are all overlapping words, which vividly describe the characteristics of many and dense stamens, express the author's love, and the language is kind and flexible, full of phonological beauty.
Sentence pattern appreciation refers to the method of appreciating the language characteristics and the connotation of literary works from the perspectives of the overall dispersion, length and rhythmic movement of sentence patterns.
The whole sentence is a pair or a group of sentences with the same or similar structure arranged together, with neat form, distinct rhythm and harmonious phonology; Phrases are sentences with different forms and lengths. Phrases are flexible and diverse.
Long sentences are sentences with complex structure and many words, which are compact and delicate and have a soothing tone. Short sentences are sentences with simple structure and few words. Concise, strong sense of rhythm.
Such as Zhu Ziqing's "Spring"
Peach trees, apricot trees and pear trees, you won't let me, and I won't let you. They are all full of flowers. Red is like fire, pink is like chardonnay and white is like snow. Flowers are sweet; When I closed my eyes, the tree seemed to be covered with peaches, Xinger and pears. Hundreds of bees are buzzing under the flowers, and butterflies of different sizes are flying around.
These sentences are full of rhythm and beautiful rhythm, vividly writing the scene of spring flowers blooming. Flexible sentences and vivid language.
20 18 Sambo, an old carpenter in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, tasted the following sentences and analyzed the language features and expression effects.
There are deep and shallow, left, right and left, sometimes soft, sometimes soft as caressing a child's hair, and sometimes like cutting hemp with a sharp knife. Rough hands, small meat cleaver like a swimming loach, sweat oozing from the dark blue coat.
Example of answer
1. The words overlap, the sentence patterns are neat, catchy and full of rhythm, which shows the carving skills of Sangbo Gaochao.
2. By contrast and metaphor, Sambo's skillful carving movements are vividly written.
2. With the expressive word "infiltration", Sambo's concentration in carving is vividly shown.
Appreciating language from the perspective of punctuation marks refers to the method of appreciating the language of works from the use of punctuation marks such as commas, periods, question marks, exclamation marks, ellipsis and dashes.
Such as Wang Zengqi's Rain in Kunming.
Boletus is smooth and tender in color, fresh and delicious.
There is a kind of auricularia auricula, which tastes ugly and is called Ganba auricularia auricula. At first glance, it's really doubtful: can this thing be eaten? !
The entrance will make you stunned. Is this food so delicious? !
There are commas and pauses in these sentences, as if the author is tasting delicious boletus, which highlights the smooth, tender, fresh and fragrant characteristics of boletus, but it is often interesting.
The first question mark and exclamation mark indicate doubt, surprise and wonder that "Ganba bacteria" can be eaten; The question mark and exclamation mark in the second place express surprise, surprise and praise for the delicacy of "Ganba Mushroom".
With the accumulation of the above contents, I believe that no matter what kind of praise sentences you face, you can be comfortable and prepared.