Joey, the daughter of neighbor Joel Hadron, expressed her willingness to live with him. Xiangzi really likes Joy, but he is unable to support his family. I had to leave and make a promise. And went to Mr. Cao's house and promised to pull a monthly subscription. Who knows that when I return to the quadrangle, I can't see the joy. Later, I learned that I went to the White House.
After a fall
He wants those disgusting people to die, Xiangzi wants to live well, and his life has hope again. He found Cao Fu again, and Mr. Cao promised to pay Xiangzi a monthly rent, willing to go with him with joy. Xiangzi felt that there was hope for life again and he came back from the dead. However, there is no joy in the quadrangle. Xiangzi found out that Joy had gone to the White House and went to see her. Who knows that Joy hanged herself because of tossing. So Xiangzi began to degenerate, smoking, playing badly, being lazy, and no longer cherishing cars. It's windy and rainy. He doesn't drive, and his body is a little sore. He has a rest for two or three days. In the eyes of patrolmen, Xiangzi is a "thorn in the side" of the first class.
The theme of the novel:
Social level: it is generally believed that this novel reflects the tragic life of the people at the bottom of the old China city, and Xiangzi's tragedy mainly embodies the connotation of social criticism including national criticism; The level of the relationship between civilization and human nature: the story of moral degeneration and spiritual corrosion caused by the opposition between a simple farmer and modern urban civilization contains thoughts on the relationship between urban civilization disease and human nature. Lao She tried to reveal how the anomie of civilization caused the pollution of human nature in the city, and was deeply worried about the harm that pathological urban civilization brought to human nature. Lao She's works exploring the source of modern civilization were unique in the 1930s.
Novel influence:
Camel Xiangzi occupies an important position in the history of modern literature in China. Most of the new literature after the May 4th Movement is good at describing the lives of intellectuals and peasants, but few works describe the urban poor. The appearance of Lao She broke this situation. With a number of works describing the life of the urban poor, especially the novel Camel Xiangzi, he expanded the expression range of new literature and made special contributions to the development of new literature.
Related comments:
Camel Xiangzi is a tragedy described by Lao She with sympathetic brushstrokes: in Beijing in the 1920s, a hardworking and sturdy lowlife struggled hard with a beautiful dream of getting rich, and was finally swallowed up by a dark storm. Revealed the slave psychology and hope of the "little people" at that time. With the suicide of Xiangzi's beloved woman Xier, Xiangzi put out the last spark of personal struggle. This is one of the fates of the poor citizens in old China and old Beijing.
Camel Xiangzi is a classic of modern vernacular novels, which uses a lot of descriptions of Beijing dialect and some old Beijing customs.
Camel Xiangzi was first published in Cosmic Wind magazine (1936), and 10 People's Literature Publishing House (1955) published a new monograph. Lao She made some modifications and deleted the second half of chapter 23 and the whole chapter 24. The complete works of Lao She published by People's Literature Publishing House in 1980s, 1982, restored the original appearance of the old edition.
There is a saying in Camel Xiangzi that "money will lead people into a bad society, put aside noble ideals and willingly go to hell." It not only vividly describes that the lower class people, after endless grief, pass on their resentment of social injustice to money. In fact, what is evil is not money, but an unhealthy mentality. It is this distorted cynicism that depicts the social sorrow and human sorrow and constitutes a social tragedy!
Language scores:
First, Lao She wrote a rough and miserable life of a laborer, a rickshaw puller, with his own living environment, what he saw, heard and met at that time, which made readers feel deeply and personally. In addition, readers who are also living in ups and downs can feel that someone understands their experiences and knows how to face their misfortunes.
Secondly, Lao She wrote this rickshaw puller truly and nakedly, without any distortion or modification, presenting the exploitation and oppression of laborers in the dark old society of China at that time to the readers completely. This will help government officials who read this book to understand the poor life of workers, thus improving the harm caused to them by the dark old society in China. In addition, readers of other classes can understand the poor life of workers after reading it, thus helping them face various difficulties.
Third, Lao She wrote this book in Beijing vernacular. In this way, the reader class of Camel Xiangzi will be wider. Moreover, those citizens whose Chinese level is not high will not be affected by language barriers and cannot understand what Lao She expressed.
Lao She is an outstanding "master of language art" and has made great contributions to the development of language art in China vernacular literature. Lao She grew up in a miscellaneous courtyard in Beijing. He also likes local operas and folk arts in Beijing. He is very familiar with Beijing dialect, which is a good foundation for his integration into Beijing local spoken language in his creation. He once said: "Some people criticize me, saying that my literature is not bookish, too vulgar, too poor, and almost vulgar as a driver's pawn;" "I'm not ashamed at all!" However, Lao She did not completely use Beijing dialect in his creation, but refined and processed it by himself. It can be said that this kind of language training effort runs through Lao She's life's creation. Camel Xiangzi is a mature work of Lao She's language art. His language not only retains the liveliness of folk spoken language, but also has the simplicity, agility and mellow artistic language. It is known as "nothing is so simple, natural and pure without the paleness of a student's accent, the melodrama of Taiwanese, and the verbosity of Europeanization". This language can be elegant or vulgar. In Camel Xiangzi, Lao She wrote all kinds of people in civil society in this language, which is very interesting in life. Writing about Xiangzi's experience in torrential rain and scorching sun, and writing about the night in Beihai are full of brushwork, scene blending and rich in texture.
Xiangzi's tragedy
Xiangzi's tragedy is a social tragedy, and it is historical inevitable that his good wish of "being an independent laborer" will eventually be disillusioned. The mutinous soldiers of the warlords, the detectives of the reactionary government and the extortion of car dealers are all products of the semi-colonial process of China society, and the ultimate deprivation of the right to live is an unavoidable historical fate of the lower-class workers.
Xiangzi's tragedy is also a spiritual tragedy. The novel aims to observe what hell is like from the driver's inner state, and to explore the internal causes of his tragic fate from the character and spiritual weakness of the lower-class workers in the city. First of all, Xiangzi's life ideal and the behavior of realizing this ideal are deeply branded with the thought of individual workers. His self-confidence in personal strength, age and hard-working quality makes it impossible for him to compete with powerful social dark forces by personal struggle. Can only be "the last ghost of individualism." Secondly, Xiangzi's tragic character, kindness, integrity and realistic oppression made him unable to get rid of the shackles of his marriage with Tigress, and his weakness determined that he could not control his own destiny.
Xiangzi's tragedy is deeply rooted in the soil of civic culture. His life ideal is marked by a small producer. He dare not face the reality of blind self-confidence. After all his efforts failed, he gave in to fate and even fell. Deep down, it is precisely because of his cultural foundation. Although Xiangzi entered the city from the countryside, his production and lifestyle, living standards and values are still closely linked with the traditional agricultural culture. The traditional virtues, such as kindness, diligence, chivalry and simplicity, as well as the negative factors, such as narrowness, selfishness and ignorance, which were initially shown in him are the products of traditional agricultural culture. The blind self-confidence of not daring to face the reality at first, and then yielding to fate after all efforts failed, is the result of the continuous expansion and deterioration of negative factors in traditional cultural character.
Xiangzi's tragedy is also branded with the modern civilization of a semi-colonial city with abnormal development. The "money worship" and hedonism in this deformed modern urban culture, accompanied by Xiangzi's life course, have been eroding Xiangzi's soul.
Through the description of Xiangzi's tragedy, Lao She completed his dual cultural criticism: he not only examined traditional culture with modern rationality, but also criticized the disadvantages of urban modern culture with the positive value standpoint of traditional culture. In this way, Xiangzi's tragic image is brought into the overall cultural critical vision of Lao She's novels.
Classic review
Classic sentence:
1. Money will lead people into a bad society, abandon noble ideals and willingly go to hell.
People who work for money are afraid of meeting more money, and loyalty is not based on money.
Love or not, the poor depend on money to decide, and the "lover" is only born in the rich family.
4. Experience is the fertilizer of life. What kind of person will you become with experience? Peony can't be raised in the desert.
That car is the total achievement and reward of all his struggles and hardships, just like the badge of a battle-hardened soldier.
6. They can't run because their legs and feet are weighed down by money.
7. Hope makes him happy, and fear scares him. He wants to sleep, but he can't. His limbs were scattered on some hay. There was no noise, only the stars in the sky accompanied his heartbeat.
8. It's late at night, fatigue for many days, and fear of running away make him physically and mentally uncomfortable.
9. The night is still dark, and there is still some wet and cold fog in the air, which makes my heart more desolate.
10. I don't know if I'm moving forward or have stopped. I only feel choppy in my heart, like a rolling black sea. Darkness and my heart are harmonious, both hazy, ups and downs, all in a trance. Xiangzi seemed to be choked by a gust of wind and swallowed several times.
1 1. That car is really cute. After being pulled for half a year, it seems that there are feelings and feelings everywhere. As soon as Xiangzi twisted his waist, squatted his leg, or kept his back, he closed it immediately, giving Xiangzi the most satisfactory help. There is nothing awkward between him and it. When he reached a flat place with few people, Xiangzi could hold the handle with one hand, and the slightly loud leather wheel urged him to run like a strong wind, fast and steady. When he arrived, Xiangzi's clothes and trousers were all sweaty, as if they had just been fished out of a basin. He feels tired, but he is happy and proud, a kind of fatigue, like riding a famous horse for dozens of miles.
12. He has no appearance. What makes him lovely is the spirit on his face. The head is not very big, round eyes, fleshy nose, two short and thick eyebrows, and the head has been shaved. There is no excess meat on the cheeks, but the neck is similar to the head. ) thick; My face is always red.
13. The bow is so soft that even the handlebar moves slightly; The trunk is so bright, the cushion is so white and the horn is so loud.
14. Decent, strong, dreamy, selfish, personal, strong, great, Xiangzi, I don't know how many funerals he sent with others; I don't know when and where he will bury himself, this degenerate, selfish, unfortunate and socially ill child, the last ghost of individualism!
15. Rain is for the rich and the poor; To the righteous and to the unjust. In fact, rain is unfair because it falls in an unfair world.
16. The biggest sacrifice is humiliation, and the biggest humiliation is resistance.
17. Politeness in sadness is hypocrisy.
18. As the sun sets, the old willows by the river are crooked and their branches are hung with golden light. There is not much water in the river, but there are a lot of green algae, like a greasy long green belt, narrow dark green, emitting a slight fishy smell.
19. The green leaves of Henan Tanghe float feebly on the water, and some tiny blisters appear around the leaves from time to time. On the east bridge, people and cars come and go, especially in the sunset, as if everyone felt a sense of unease as dusk approached.
Classic passage:
1 winds bend nearby trees, tear up the cloth of the shopkeeper, open the newspaper form on the wall, cover the sun, sing, shout, roar and reverberate; Suddenly relaxed, like a frightened elf, tearing the sky and the ground; Suddenly panicked, rolled in all directions, like a demon who didn't know what to do, and decided to bump into it; Suddenly sweeping, unexpectedly attacking everything on the ground, twisting branches, blowing off roof tiles and breaking wires; But Xiangzi was there watching; He just came out of the wind, and the wind didn't do anything to him!
Let's go, even if we can't sell camels for a while, it doesn't seem to matter; Let's go to the city first. He is eager to see the city again. Although there are no parents, relatives or any property, it is his home after all. The whole city is his home. Once there, he will find a way.
He doesn't want to go, see or accompany her; He really wants to jump, lower his head, break the ice, sink, and freeze in the ice like a dead fish.
But one day, Mr Fang asked him to put ten dollars in. He carefully looked at the small passbook with words and a small red seal on it. * * *, hum, as heavy as a dozen toilet paper.
Several times Xiangzi tried to stop the car by cold braking, but the boy fell behind and dared not, so the driver had to submit to humiliation.
At that time, he was full of hope; Now, my stomach is full of worries.
7 embarrassment gradually turned into embarrassment, and his fire came up; They stared at him, and he stared at them.
She swallowed saliva, suppressed complex expressions and emotions, took out some outfield strength of Si Liu, half annoyed and half laughed, and pretended not to care.
The darkness outside gradually got used to it, and his heart seemed to stop beating, so his eyes could not help but close. I don't know if I am moving forward or have stopped, but I feel like a wave of fluctuations in my heart, like a fluctuating Black Sea. Darkness is connected with my heart, everything is dim, everything is ups and downs, and everything is in a trance. Suddenly my heart moved, as if I remembered something, and as if I heard some voices, I couldn't tell; But I opened my eyes again. He did go on walking, forgetting what he had just remembered, and there was no movement around him. The heart beat for a while, then gradually calmed down. He told himself not to close his eyes and stop thinking; Getting to the city quickly is the first important thing. But if he doesn't think about things in his heart, his eyes will close easily again. He must have missed something, awake. He knew that once he fell down, he could sleep for three days. What are you thinking about? He is dizzy, his body is wet and sad, his hair is itchy, his feet are sore and his mouth is dry. He can think of nothing but self-pity. However, he can't even think about his own affairs. His head is so empty and bloated, as if he just remembered himself and then forgot himself, just like a candle that is about to go out, even he can't illuminate himself. Coupled with the darkness around him, he felt like he was floating in a mass of black gas. Although he knew he still existed, he took a step forward, but there was nothing else to prove where he must have gone, just like floating alone in the vast sea, and he couldn't believe himself. He has never experienced such indecision, sadness and absolute loneliness. On weekdays, although he doesn't like making friends, he is not afraid to bask in the sun alone. The sun shines on his limbs and all kinds of things are presented in front of him. Now, he is not afraid, but he can't stand this uncertainty. If camels are as dishonest as mules and horses, maybe they can be taught to cheer up and pay attention to them, but camels are too docile to make him impatient; When he was in the most trance, he suddenly thought of whether the camel was still behind him, which startled him. He seems to believe that these big animals will gently drill into the dark fork, but he has no idea that they will gradually melt like pulling a piece of ice.
10 his figure and strength have developed to the forefront of his peers; He is in his twenties and very tall. Although his limbs have not been cast into a certain pattern by years, he has become an adult-an adult with an innocent and naughty look on his face. Looking at the senior driver, he figured out how to cut into his waist and tighten it a little bit. ) to show his iron fan-like chest and straight back; Look at your shoulders, how wide and dignified! Kill the waist, then put on white trousers with fat legs, and tie them with chicken intestines to reveal those "out of size" big feet! Yes, he can undoubtedly be the best driver; He smiled at himself like a fool.
Key explanation
1. "I can't see anything outside, as if the darkness of the whole world is waiting for him, stepping out of the darkness and then entering the darkness; Followed by the silent camel. "
It can be seen from "stepping from the darkness and then walking into the darkness" that he is walking, struggling and resisting the darkness; However, because the will is blind, all struggles are doomed to be fruitless and eventually return to "nothing", that is, "going into darkness again."
2. "In fact, rain is unfair because it falls in an unfair world."
On the one hand, it can be appreciated from the rhythm, on the other hand, it connects the unfeeling rain with the world, highlighting the darkness of society and Xiangzi's dissatisfaction with the society at that time.
Their car broke down, and they dared not "pull it late", so they had to leave early, hoping to switch from the early morning to three or four in the afternoon and pull out their "car share" and their chewing food. Their car broke down and ran slowly, so they had to walk more and ask for less money. They are the ones who go to melon market, fruit market and vegetable market to pull goods; There is less money, but there is no need to run fast.
The driver's bumpy and miserable life profoundly exposed the darkness of society at that time.
He doesn't pay much attention to his appearance. He loves his face as much as he loves his body. They are all so strong and hard. He seems to count his face in his limbs, as long as it is hard. Yes, he can stand on his head for half a day when he gets to the city. Standing like this, he feels like a tree, and there is no place up and down that is not quite detached. He is really a bit like a tree, strong, silent and alive.
Using figurative rhetoric, Xiangzi's firm character and perseverance are vividly written.
After pulling for half a year, his hope is even greater: at this rate, after working for two years, at most, he can buy another car, one, two … and then he can open a factory! However, most hopes have failed, and Xiangzi's is no exception.
Write about Xiangzi's hope and happiness. The last sentence is a transitional sentence, paving the way for Xiangzi's car to be robbed below.
However, he doesn't believe this rumor. He knows how to be cautious, especially the car is his own, but he is a countryman after all, unlike the city people who listen to the wind and rain. Moreover, his body convinced him that even if he was unfortunate enough, he would have laws and would not suffer a big loss; He is not easy to bully, such a big man and such broad shoulders!
He wrote about Xiangzi's self-confidence, so he didn't believe the rumors, which also laid the groundwork for the carjacking later.
The more he thought about it, the more he hated the soldiers. His clothes, shoes, hat, rickshaw and even the cloth belt around his waist were taken away by them; He left bruises and blisters on his feet! However, clothes are nothing; My wounds won't heal. His car, which has been earned hard for many years, is gone! Not since I was dragged into the camp! All the hardships in the past can be forgotten in a blink of an eye, but he can't forget this car!
The car that Xiangzi had worked so hard to buy for several years was robbed and injured, which profoundly exposed the darkness of society at that time.
Reaction to a book or an article
1. Lao She-a great people's artist, a literary giant that future generations will always admire and an eternal monument. He created many classic works in his life, such as the novel Divorce and Lao Zhang's Philosophy. Dramas Longxugou, Teahouse, Chunhua Qiushi; Collection of short stories such as Train Collection and Sakura Sea Collection. But the most famous is Camel Xiangzi.
The novel "Camel Xiangzi" takes Beijing residents' life in the late 1920s as the background and rickshaw driver Xiangzi's bumpy and miserable life experience as the main plot, which profoundly exposes the darkness of old China and accuses the ruling class of its oppression of the working people. Xiangzi was a young coachman in Beijing in the 1930s. He is kind and upright. His ideal is to drive and own his own car. So, he scrimped and saved, and got up early to get greedy. Three years later, he finally got his wish, but that was during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. Beiping was in chaos, Xiangzi was taken to odd jobs in a muddle, and what was more painful was that his sustenance and car were also taken away. After going through all the hardships, I escaped and returned to Renhe Factory to continue pulling carts. But the pain is not over yet: Tigress, the daughter of factory owner Si Liu, took a fancy to Xiangzi and seduced him. Xiangzi was cheated and had to marry Tigress. Soon Tigress died in childbirth. After Tigress died, she promised to live with him again, but when Xiangzi found a stable job and went to find Joy, she realized that Joy had entered the "White House" and hanged herself.
Since then, Xiangzi has fallen, and his former kindness and integrity have disappeared. He hates anyone. He stopped pulling carts and got into the bad habit of eating, drinking, whoring and gambling. He can betray his friends for money and become a walking corpse completely.
Xiangzi's tragedy is caused by his social life environment. The novel truly shows the life of that dark society, and shows the ugly faces of warlords, spies and car factory owners. But for their persecution, Xiangzi would not have changed from hopeful to depraved. A person who used to be diligent and patient and had his own goals turned out to be social garbage-isn't this a sad life? Maybe this is reality, cruelty, sadness and helplessness.
Ideal and reality are always full of contradictions, often irreconcilable, but exist at the same time. Society is realistic, it will not change because of one's ideal, nor will it be perfect. I pity Xiangzi, a camel. I feel very sorry and helpless, but I also admire him. I admire his previous strength and his progress. However, he failed to defeat himself and society, and was defeated after all.
Although this is only a novel, it reflects the cowardice of human nature. After all, few people can persist for a lifetime, but we can gradually change in the process of pursuit. After all, what will happen tomorrow? We don't know, but we can grasp today.
Camel Xiangzi truly depicts the tragic fate of a rickshaw puller in Beijing. Xiangzi came from the countryside and worked hard to make money. He worked hard for three years and traded his sweat for a rickshaw. But before long, the mutinous soldiers of the warlord took his car away; Then the detective of the reactionary government cheated him of his only savings, and the protagonist lost his relatively stable job because he avoided the spy's tracking. Faced with this blow again and again, he struggled and still stubbornly tried to realize his dream life wish with greater efforts. But everything was in vain: I bought a car with Tigress's savings and soon had to sell it to arrange Tigress's funeral. His wish was finally completely dashed. His favorite happy suicide blew out the last spark of hope in his heart, and he lost any desire and confidence in life. He changed from ambition to self-indulgence: Xiangzi, who had been upright and kind, was crushed by the millstone of life.
Xiangzi is kind and simple, loves labor, and has a camel-like positive and tenacious spirit towards life. He has always been very strong and struggling. He is unwilling to listen to Gao Ma's words to lend usury, to covet 60 cars in Si Liu, and to listen to Tigress's words to do small business, all of which show that he thinks that "you can have everything if you have your own car" and doesn't want to climb up. What he dreams of is to seek an independent life by his own labor. The work describes that after Cao Zhai knocked away his hard-earned money, the detective was most concerned about Mr. Cao's entrustment, because Mr. Cao was a good man in his view; He also described his concern for the grandparents of the old horse and pony, showing his kindness and integrity. The reason why his tragedy can arouse readers' strong sympathy is that besides his social status and unfair experience, these personality characteristics have also played an indelible role. Hard-working and strong people like this have finally become first-class "thorns" and embarked on the road of depravity, which clearly exposed the sin of unreasonable society corrupting people's hearts. The work writes: "The laziness of the bitter people is the natural result of hard work and failure, and the tricks of the bitter people contain some axioms." He added, "Man has improved himself from wild animals, but so far, he has driven his own kind into wild animals. Xiangzi is still in the city of culture, but he has become an animal. It's not his own fault at all. " It is from this understanding that Lao She wrote this tragedy with deep sympathy for those who were insulted and damaged. This makes this work have the power of angry accusation and strong critical spirit, which is deeply branded in the readers' hearts.
The novel also describes in detail Xiangzi's efforts to realize his life wishes. As an unconscious self-employed, have you ever seen a grasshopper, despite the urgent need to improve your living conditions? I jump far by myself, but I can't even fly if I am caught by a child and tied with a thread. Fight into a ball, fight into a formation, hum, and eat up the crops in the whole area in a moment. No one can cure it! "Although this formulation is still very vague, and there is no further specific plot in the works, it can still be seen that this is a brand-new conclusion drawn by Lao She's exploration of the road of liberation of working people, which shows the valuable progress that he did not have in his past works.
3. In the late 1920s, Peiping, war, oppression, money, rickshaw pullers. ...
These words add up to two words-Xiangzi. Xiangzi camel.
Xiangzi, a young farmer from the countryside, abandoned his empty home except himself and came to the city, scrimping and saving every day, desperately pulling the rented car day and night, just to save money to buy a car of his own. Three years have passed through Xiangzi's efforts. He has his own car, so he can't be angry with the owner. He can pull as he wants! The happy days did not last long. Beiping was in danger during the war. Xiangzi, a rickshaw puller, was inexplicably arrested by the warlords. Xiangzi can endure all these hardships. What makes him most miserable and angry is that the only sustenance in his life-the new car he bought with three years of hard work and sweat-was robbed. Xiangzi went through all kinds of hardships and fled back to Beiping. In the "Renhe Car Factory", he was filled with sorrow and continued to pull rickshaws. After a lot of hardships, when he finally found a relatively stable job of pulling a moon cart in a peaceful and kind family, he lost his stable job because his employer was targeted by spies and was drained of his savings by detectives of the reactionary government in the name of "buying a life". Faced with one heavy blow after another, he still held his head high proudly. He is a youthful, tall and strong Xiangzi! How can you be knocked down by difficulties so easily? He refused to give in. He will use his own strength, blood and sweat to earn food for himself and his wife Tigress! Tigress bought a car for Xiangzi at a low price. Xiangzi thought he had gone back to the past and had to sell it again because of Tigress's funeral.
Xiangzi is a kind and upright man, strong and willing to struggle. He didn't want to listen to Gao Ma's advice to loan sharks, covet the owner's 60 cars, or start a small business as Tigress told him, because he thought that "if you have your own car, you will have everything". What he dreams of is to seek an independent life by his own labor. He doesn't drink or smoke, and he doesn't have any bad habits, but God still has no mercy on this poor honest man. Numerous blows and setbacks finally shattered Xiangzi's iron spirit. He stopped pulling carts so hard, drinking and smoking, and Xiangzi, who had been kind and upright, disappeared. He only learned to eat, drink and gamble and sell his friends' walking corpses for money. But as written in the work: "The laziness of the bitter people is the natural result of hard work, and there is some axiom in the thorns of the bitter people." Xiangzi's fall was not Xiangzi's fault, but the foul atmosphere of the whole society made Xiangzi, who was originally kind and upright, qualitative.