Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), whose surname was Kong, whose given name was Qiu, and whose courtesy name was Zhongni, was born in Zouyi, Lu State (now Shandong Province) in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Qufu), whose ancestral home is Liyi (now Xiayi, Henan) in the Song Dynasty, is an ancient Chinese thinker, educator and founder of the Confucian school.
Works on Speeches
Collection of Quotations
Confucius’s remarks are mainly recorded in The Analects. The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of the Confucian school, compiled by Confucius's disciples and his disciples. It is mainly in the style of quotations and dialogues, recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and embodies Confucius' political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. ?[1]?
"The Analects", "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "Mencius" were collectively known as the "Four Books" after the Southern Song Dynasty. The current edition of "The Analects" contains twenty chapters. The language of "The Analects" is concise and concise, and its meaning is profound. Many of its remarks are still regarded by the world as "small words but big meanings". ?[28]?
Documentary compilation
Confucius devoted himself to education in his later years, revised "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual" and "Music", and prefaced "Book of Changes" (called "Book of Changes" Shiyi, also known as Yi Zhuan), wrote the Spring and Autumn Annals. Later generations collectively called it the "Six Classics". ?[1]?
Poetry Creation
According to legend, Confucius composed "Qu Lu Song", "Chu Song", "Guishan Cao", "Pan Cao", "Yilan Cao" and " Poems such as "Jiang Gui Cao" and "Huolin Song". Most of these poems are published in "Collection of Yuefu Poems", so their credibility is not high.
Mencius (approximately 372 BC - 289 BC), surnamed Ji, Meng, given name Ke, styled Ziyu, was a native of Zouguo (now Zoucheng, Jining, Shandong) during the Warring States Period.
A famous philosopher, thinker, politician, and educator during the Warring States Period. He was one of the representatives of the Confucian school. His status was second only to Confucius, and he was also called "Confucius and Mencius" together with Confucius. He promoted "benevolent government" and was the first to put forward the idea of ??"the people are more important than the monarch".
Writings
The book "Mencius" is a collection of Mencius' remarks. It was compiled by Mencius and his disciple ***. It records Mencius's language and political views (benevolent government, benevolent government, The distinction between kings and hegemons, people-centeredness, whether the emperor is right, the people are more important than the emperor) and political action are classic works of Confucianism. The starting point of his theory is the theory of good nature, proposing "benevolent government" and "kingly way", and advocating the rule of virtue. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi combined "Mencius", "The Analects of Confucius", "Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" together as the "Four Books". Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been regarded as a book that has been passed down from family to family. "Mencius" is the largest and heaviest of the Four Books, with more than 35,000 words. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the "Four Books" had been a required part of the imperial examination.