Modern poetry requires poets to create typical artistic conception with saturated imagination and reflect social life in a highly concentrated way; Don't pay attention to meter, there are no fixed requirements for the number of words in each line and the number of lines in a poem. It mainly wins by the inherent musical power of poetry and language.
Second, the form and requirements of modern poetry
Poetry is the anatomy of the poet's soul, presenting all the poet's spiritual feelings and inner monologues.
As far as the attribution of consciousness is concerned, there are politics, economy, ethics, history, philosophy, aesthetics and life ... As far as the emotional state is concerned, there are cheerful, sad, excited, low-key, loving, hateful, angry, comfortable and depressed. ...
What is the best emotional point of a poem? From the perspective of art appreciation: in your identity; In creative practice, in your experience. With regard to the above two points, modern poetry requires: ① to use daily spoken English accurately and abandon algae. ② Create a new rhythm. (3) Require absolute freedom in drawing materials. ④ Promote image, get rid of vague generalization and grasp specific details. ⑤ Pursue the firmness and clarity of poetry, and abandon confusion and generality. The essence of poetry requires a high degree of concentration.
Third, perception
Let's talk about inspiration. The so-called inspiration is a psychological phenomenon of poets and artists in their creative activities. When the creator carries out artistic creation activities on the basis of rich life practice, his thoughts are suddenly enlightened due to the enlightenment of something, and his creative ideas are captured, accompanied by the outbreak of creativity and creation. Ai Qing, a poet, said: "Inspiration is the poet's extremely harmonious and pleasant experience of external things and the poet's opening of the door to closed things. Inspiration is the conception of poetry. " It can be seen that although the inspiration of poetry is accidental, it is ultimately the result of the long-term life accumulation and artistic preparation of poets and artists.
Feeling is the direct and indirect feeling and understanding of life, the basis of poetry writing activities and the starting point of the writing process. Without a sense of life, it is impossible to enter the process of poetry writing and engage in poetry writing activities. That is, a person who has never seen grapes, especially one who has never eaten grapes, can never tell people whether grapes are sweet or sour. Strictly speaking, the key to the success or failure of all poetry writing lies in the breadth, depth, old and new, and refined life perception. Writer Zhao Shuli said: "With life, there are themes and characters." However, with the existence of life, it is worth pondering and studying. To put it bluntly, it is to perceive the breadth, depth, novelty and spirit of life. Undoubtedly, perceiving life is the first iron threshold for poetry writing. It is the foundation that people who are interested in writing must pass through with their heart.
Fourth, refining.
Refining includes the whole process of pride, concentration and conception before writing. Is the second step after perception. Although there is no standard definition of the word "refining" in the poetry circle, its basic meaning is clear, that is, refining and processing the direct and indirect meaning in life into the theme of poetry. The most important thing in writing poetry is conception. Conception runs through the whole process of the poet's experience, thinking and writing, and also reflects the poet's originality and interest in the processing and transformation of life. "The level of meaning determines the social value and aesthetic value of poetry, so many poets have worked hard on" meaning "; At the same time, the meaning of poetry should be reflected in the lines of poetry, which should be hidden in images, and more hints, bending pens, long-distance metaphors and non-prescriptive symbolic techniques should be used. Bian's Broken Chapters is a beautiful and difficult poem: "You are standing on the bridge watching the scenery/people watching the scenery are watching you/the bright moon decorated your window/you decorated other people's dreams". Because of the correct portrayal of the symbolic meaning in the poem and the individualization of the poet's subjective feelings, this work is covered with a layer of mystery.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) combination
When writing poetry, we should not only choose words carefully, but also pay attention to the combination of words and lines, lines and lines.
Poetry is an art form with a particularly strong inner vision. It requires poets to express what they see, feel and think about certain things in a certain situation with highly artistic language, to expose their hearts and convey their spiritual information with poetry, and to express their deep feelings about objective things. Feeling is a poet's cognitive activity to objective things and a direct grasp of aesthetic objects. Therefore, before writing a poem, that is to say, before conceiving the poem in our mind, we should conceive how to write the poem in advance, including the determination of the theme, the choice of living materials, the choice of poetry form, the arrangement of composition level and so on. Generally speaking, conception is to make progress and success in the continuous exploration of a series of laws of unity of opposites, such as the poet's subjective feelings, the content and form of works in the objective world, the inheritance of tradition and the innovation of art. Is the main idea of the poem straight to the point or straight to the point, is it to quote the classics without issuing them or to refer to them first, is it the word "phoenix crested pork belly" or "latitude and longitude"? The following briefly introduces the skills of several combinations:
(1) River-crossing bridge
Bridging across the river is a coherent and rigorous technique in poetry. If there are no transitional words between the levels of a poem, it can't be connected and integrated, just like crossing a river and bridging a bridge. All parts of a poem are connected by transition.
(2) Chain combination
The chain structure is sequence structure or progressive step by step, peeling bamboo shoots layer by layer. There is always a complete story, a complete story, a complete story, a complete story. No matter who you are, there are always changes in the process of growth and development, birth and death. Therefore, the most common way to write poems about such things and people is to use this chain combination that objectively reflects the internal changes of things and people.
(3) Image combination
The so-called image, the traditional usage of China's poetry criticism, refers to the basic elements of the poetic image, the picture drawn by the author in words in response to emotion and objectivity, and the specific single or fragmented image in a poem. Pound said: "Image is such a thing that it shows the combination of reason and emotion in an instant." A described image may be: the most adequate expression or explanation of any kind of inner impulse. Image is also a radiation system ... a whirlpool, from which ideas are generated, and ideas pass through the image and constantly impact the image.
Images in poetry are often composed of descriptive words and traditional metaphors. Such as cold and hot feeling, music feeling and so on. Poets attach importance to expressing their instant impressions, convey their feelings in a suggestive way, portray images for the purpose, and seek originality in metaphors.
When using this technique in modern poetry creation, it should be a combination of juxtaposition and superposition.
(4) unexpected
Quality, change, situation, etc. It means that things are unexpected, also called unexpected, unexpected. People often say, "It's like looking at a mountain, but I don't like peace." The development of things has ups and downs, which makes readers have unexpected results, thus arousing readers' interest.
< 5 > Write your heart around the landscape.
In many cases, directly describing the psychological activities of the characters is not conducive to the aftertaste of the poem, and it is difficult to express delicate and complicated feelings. Therefore, writing poetry often does not need direct attack, but should adopt a circuitous method to further hint and prompt the deep psychological activities of the self through some seemingly insignificant details, so as to receive the effect of "conveying the meaning between the lines" and make the psychological description more memorable.
< 6 > create imagination
Creative imagination is a process of creating images independently according to existing materials and displays. The image created by general imagination is only the resurrection of memory representation, which is restricted by the prototype of life. Emotional involvement is not so strong, and the image cannot be completely new. However, How the Water of the Yellow River Moves Out of the Sky and Flows into the Sea without Returning is a novel and bold victory, which is not bound by the prototype of life, thus giving readers a strong feeling. "How the Yellow River Water Moves Out of the Sky" is inconsistent with life experience. However, due to the author's strong feelings, we feel that the water of the Yellow River rolling towards the sea, with the poet's emotional frenzy, is unstoppable. If limited by life experience, it is only an unremarkable phenomenon to change the poem to "the water of the Yellow River comes from Qinghai". To create imagination, we must win with strangeness and full and mellow feelings. All three are indispensable.
〉 7 〉 looks ordinary, but in fact it is widowed.
Social life is rich and colorful, and people's thoughts and feelings are also rich and complicated. From time to time in our life, we will see such phenomena as "crying when singing Long song", "crying with joy", "great wisdom meets great wisdom" and "great wisdom is all thumbs". At first glance, this phenomenon seems abnormal and unreasonable to us. But if we think about it. You'll find it's actually normal. This abnormal phenomenon is normal, which provides an effective artistic means for us to express colorful life colors in poetry creation. If we use this abnormal artistic means, our works will reveal the essence of things more deeply, making their works novel, touching and interesting, full of wonderful music and with strong artistic appeal.
(8) Creating artistic conception
Artistic conception is the artistic realm produced by the harmonious unity of the life picture depicted in literary works and the expressed thoughts and feelings with the subjective and objective. Clever use, through imagination and association, can make readers be infected and cultivated in the subtle influence of artistic beauty, such as being there.
The artistic conception of a poem is a realm in which emotion, reason, form and spirit are integrated into one, causing readers to associate and imagine. In poetry aesthetics, it is a special term about art as a whole and its aesthetic effect. It includes two aspects: first, it highlights the objective reflection of the life picture. The second is the subjective creation of the poet's thoughts and feelings. At the same time, they need to be organically unified to achieve a seamless situation, full of strong artistic appeal.
When we create artistic conception, we must first make it clear that artistic conception is an artistic image produced by giving full play to the metaphor, symbol and suggestion of artistic image, which is itself a broader and far-reaching artistic realm. In this realm, our creative ideas, interests, useless language and images are all concrete feelings, experiences and understandings, which may be more fully presented than the content of the artistic image itself.
Secondly, it should be clear that artistic conception is the harmonious beauty produced by the combination of reality and reality. The "truth" in the real world is the "truth" of art, which is a typical "truth" after careful research, analysis and generalization, rather than any real scene or emotion. Only by grasping the most typical pictures of real life in real life and depicting them vividly can the "real world" and "virtual world" be organically combined to form the artistic conception.
Thirdly, it should be clear that creating artistic conception is to express unique feelings with typical scenery. Only by turning the scenery into feelings can a vivid artistic conception be formed.
Conception of intransitive verbs
Conception is absolutely necessary for every poet and every work, but it is precisely because of its fine skills that the quality of the work is caused. Xie Mian has a saying that is vivid and reasonable. "Extraordinary ideas may create magnificent palaces, while mediocre ideas can only produce the same matchbox. This "extraordinary" is novel, unique and profound, and it is a hard and creative labor.
One is: normal. That is to say, a poet should have subtle feelings and eyes, and find and dig out those novel and shining things that ordinary people have not observed in ordinary things.
The second is "seeking common ground while reserving differences". In other words, when dealing with the same and similar topics, we should seek "differences" and make unexpected discoveries. At first, the poet used imagination to supplement his artistic conception, and added his innovative and even fantasy structure to reorganize emotional images and memory representations. Because of this addition and creation, the theme will undergo a certain "qualitative change" when it comes to different poets, and there will be differences when aesthetic images are materialized into images. The poet's responsibility lies in this discovery and creation.
The third is "from the outside to the inside". That is to say, when you grasp a meaningful subject, don't just be satisfied with dabbling, but dig deeper to reveal something more intrinsic. In some of our poems, we often apply a "color-point-intensive expression method", thinking that the richness of poetry is only the collection and addition of various colors, and we don't go further to see the pulsating organic heteropoly. In this way, we should consider grasping the theme, not using it immediately, but thinking deeply and figuring it out, so as to really find a breakthrough and write new ideas.
The fourth is: "a unique path." Where others have not noticed, we are good at sensitively and keenly feeling the potential of new things and expanding our imagination, including extracting profound and unique opinions, artistic means and artistic emotions.
Seven, poor Italian.
When writing poetry, no matter how strong things are, whether expressing feelings or ambitions, the poet's observation of the world and spiritual enlightenment are all transmitted and expressed through language. Many people who study poetry are unaware of the position of language in poetry, and use language casually and carelessly.
In the use of language, there are three common problems: one is to pick up a large number of ready-made, old and boring words, phrases or sentences, and the other is to put on airs and abuse words to create many "student accents".
Let's talk about the former. This language is poor, so I have nothing to say. Their performance is that they are lazy to think and love to enjoy success. Take writing about rain as an example. They always like to use old onomatopoeic words like "Didi Tick Tick". I really don't understand. Without this kind of writing, it is difficult for people to understand what sound it is. Is there any way to tell people that it is raining? Their misfortune, on the contrary, lies in forgetting the poet's obligation and expressing their feelings about the rain vividly and delicately with the language art of "almost being felt by the body" as Gorky said. I think a poet's poem about rain can be compared, not only with Falling Flowers, but also hope that people with will can realize some mysteries of writing poems from the poem (including the creative use of language, of course).
Xiaoyu is timid/even afraid to disturb a grain of dust/when it is near your helix/it has no reckless tongue/no eloquence of heavy rain/(Luyuan)
When we appreciate these fresh and vivid poems, we probably won't just stop at the admiration of "well written". Through poetry, we can't help but admire the poet's true and meticulous observation, spirituality and unique sentiment, which makes his poems vivid. Let's talk about the second one, which is the "student accent" in the language. Not the tone of the students, of course. Refers to those languages that are not from life, out of tune, fabricated and mysterious. In this language, most words are vague, difficult to understand and ungrammatical. The language of poetry, whether clear and simple or implicit and gorgeous, should at least express the meaning clearly. You can't say success if you don't understand others! In a classmate's poem, there is such a phrase "fatigue within eight hours" to modify "fatigue", but who knows what will happen after "fatigue" and "* * *". For those who love to write poems in a "student accent", I hope to remember the warning that "clear water produces hibiscus, and it is natural to carve it".
Of course, there are more than the above two kinds of problems in writing poetry. The common ones are: lack of refinement, lack of image, ambiguity, love of strange words, neglect of rhythm and rhythmic beauty, etc. I won't elaborate here.
Rich language comes from rich life experience. Language poverty is an inevitable reflection of life and knowledge poverty. Therefore, we can't just understand the language art of poetry as a matter of phrasing, without profound life experience and careful thinking about life, without super imagination and creativity who are good at discovering, without the function of collecting and refining vivid language from the spoken language of the masses, and without the habit of looking for language elites. Nothing to say, nothing to say. The language of the Chinese nation is a treasure house of world culture. We should inherit this wealth and strive to purify and develop the language of our motherland.
Mayakovski once said, "It takes a whole year's labor to mine one gram of radium. If you want to arrange a word properly, you need thousands of tons of minerals in different languages.