1. Wang Fu
Ten years of life and death are two boundless.
Never think, never forget.
A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about.
Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty.
When night came, my dream suddenly came home.
Xiao Xuan window, get dressed.
Care for each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears
It is estimated that the annual heartbroken place, moonlit night, short matsuoka.
-"Jiang? Remember that dream?
On the bank of Minjiang River in Qingshen County, Meizhou City, Sichuan Province, there is a lush and graceful mountain, which is called Zhongyan Mountain by Fan Chengda in the Southern Song Dynasty as "the best nymphs in Xichuan". Soon after entering the mountain, you can see a clear pool composed of mountain springs. On the surface, there is nothing unique except that the water in the pool is deep and cold. But strangely, if you clap your hands near the pool, the fish in the pool will swim to the shore according to the sound. At this time, look at the three characters "called fish pond" on the stone wall next to the pool, and you will know that this name is so appropriate and full of spirituality. And these three words were written by Su Shi.
At that time, Wang Fang, a scholar, called a gathering of rural sages in Chi Pan to name the pool. Su Shi, a teenager who is studying in the mountains, chose "Calling for a Fish Pond" and improvised these three handsome Chinese characters. Su Shi's talent won Wang Fang's love. After several twists and turns, Wang Fang married the queen of love to Su Shi. This beautiful story adds a lot of color to the already beautiful mountains and rivers, so that the clear spring on the wall often whispers.
Wang Fu's character is "sensitive and quiet". As the daughter of Jinshi, she didn't tell Su Shi that she knew the book at first. Whenever Su Shi is studying, she doesn't go all day. Later, Su Shi forgot one thing, but she reminded him. Curious Su Shi asked her questions in other books, and she could answer them, which immediately surprised Su Shi and made him sit up and take notice. When Su Shi associates with visitors, Wang Fu often stands behind the screen and listens to the conversation. Afterwards, she told Su Shi her summary and views on someone's temperament, and the results were all right. It can be said that Su Shi is an excellent wife.
However, the good times did not last long. Wang Fu died of illness in Beijing at the age of 27, which made Su Shi extremely sad. At this time, Su Shi's mother Shi Cheng had passed away. Su Xun said to Su Shi, "It is not easy for Wang Fu to follow you. She will be buried next to her mother-in-law's grave. " Who knows that in less than a year, Su Xun died in Beijing. So Su Shi's brothers went home after the funeral and buried Wang Fu next to his aunt's grave.
One night ten years later, Su Shi saw Wang Fu again in his dream and woke up sad, so he wrote the famous "Jiangchengzi?" Do you still remember the dream? It is one of the most successful and touching poems about the love between husband and wife for thousands of years. The whole poem uses the technique of line drawing to write the most thrilling scene between husband and wife, "Where are you going?" It is said that Su Shi was the first person to write a mourning poem in words, but this pioneering work has become a peak that later generations can't reach. This is of course because Su Shi is brilliant and knowledgeable, but more because he and Wang Fu have sincere feelings. Only a few people know that the beginning of this feeling is a mysterious fish pond hidden in the depths of the forest.
Wang Fu and Weng Gu were buried together in the mountains of Li Kelong, Yumei Anzhen Township. It is said that there is a mountain spring nearby. An old man with white hair often lies on the spring. He can only see from a distance. As soon as a man approaches, he hides in the spring, so the spring is also called the old man's spring. Su Zhe wrote a poem in his later years: "The old man sent him to the east and had no neighbors. Eight feet cold spring has white hair. Mother-in-law makes the moon shine, relaxing the night guests. " That's what it means.
Su Shi has a poem: "An old friend returned to Yuyuan Mountain and planted 30,000 pines." I don't know if there are many trees planted, so I can't find the Sujia cemetery in this mountain forest. During the Ming Dynasty, Ren Xu, a Cantonese, went to Meizhou to be a satrap. He led many people up the mountain to look for Su Xun's tomb according to the map, but failed again and again, which made him lament: "It is difficult to find the tomb of the sage in Qingshan, and the white-haired people sent the black-haired people to reunite with the monks in this temple." During the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, Jin Yifeng, the magistrate of Meizhou, also took the gentry to look for Shan Ye, and finally entered a thorny forest. When they cut off the weeds, the graves of Su Xun and others finally appeared, but the epitaph had already eroded the moss and sealed the leaves. Jin Yifeng felt sorry for the learned people in the world, but she ended up like this behind her. So he donated money to seal the land, build tombs and temples, which is the "Sufen Mountain" that exists today. This is the place where Su Shi "listens to the rain and worries a lot", and it is also the place where he "has nowhere to talk" in a foreign land.
Mourners will know.
Call the fish pond
Su Shi and Wang Fu
2. Wang Runzhi
Generally speaking, the east wind broke at the beginning of five.
Liu Jiang is pale yellow, with thousands of Qian Qian streaks.
I was so angry that I came to embroider households.
Strange girls were born on the river that year.
Who should get a birthday present?
Three pearls, the king put on his lap.
Put down the poor scales and watch,
It's raining in Manto.
-"Recent Love"
Su Shi's second wife, Wang Runzhi, is Wang Fu's cousin. Compared with Wang Fu and Chao, it is the least famous. She may not be as talented and knowledgeable as Wang Fu, but she is also a virtuous wife. Wang Runzhi also died before Su Shi, which made Su Shi suffer another blow, with tears in his eyes.
Wang Runzhi is a typical traditional housewife. Su Shi's "Wutai Poetry Case" was arrested and imprisoned. Wang Runzhi was frightened and worried that the bad guys would find out Su Shi's crimes from the poems, so he burned Su Shi's poems. This incident has also become an irreparable regret in the hearts of people who have loved Su Shi for thousands of years.
However, Wang Runzhi is not without artistic cells. When Su Shi's family was in Ruyin, plum blossoms were in full bloom in front of the hall all night, and the moonlight was fresh. Wang Runzhi asked Su Shi to invite friends to drink under the flowers. She said: "The spring moon is better than the autumn moon, which is both sad and happy." Su Shi was overjoyed and said, "I really didn't know you could write poetry. What you just said is really a poet's language. " The so-called true poetry is among the people, and Wang Runzhi, who can't write poetry, inadvertently said a poetic language, which inspired Su Shi to write a poem "Broken Magnolia":
In the spring afternoon, the fragrant mash danced.
Nine winding corridors, dancing steps, trees among trees, half withered, and the wine is fragrant to plum.
Light clouds, thin fog and moonlight on such a spring night are the time for young people to enjoy happiness.
Unlike the autumn moon, people who cling to leave are injured twice.
Wang Runzhi is gentle and virtuous. When he was in Huangzhou, Su Shi was depressed and the child was still crying in front of him. Su Shi is about to get angry. Wang Runzhi enlightened Su Shi and said, "How can you be more stupid than a child? Why are you unhappy? " Su Shi felt guilty after hearing this. Wang Runzhi washed the cup and put it in front of him. This incident was written into the poem by Su Shi. It is a great comfort for Su Shi to have a good wife in the bitter days of Huangzhou.
On the occasion of Wang Runzhi's birthday, Su Shi released fish to pray for her, and made the above-mentioned Chronicle of Recent Flowers. "Three pearls, the king kneels" is a compliment to her for treating her three sons equally, regardless of each other and loving each other. Wang Runzhi and Wang Fu's hometown are both green gods in Meizhou, where the mountains and rivers are beautiful and the Minjiang River passes through. Wang Runzhi, born in a riverside family, is the most beautiful woman in the world in Su Shi's eyes, with green mountains and green waters and lush greenery.
Wang Runzhi and Su Shi
3. Wang Chaoyun
one
Wang Chaoyun was born in Qiantang and buried in Huizhou. Born and buried in the West Lake. Her tomb is in Liu Ruting, West Lake, Huizhou. It is said that there is a couplet in the pavilion:
Out of date, only Chaoyun can know me;
Playing the same old tune alone, I miss you every time it rains.
The first couplet tells a famous story: Su Shi once patted his stomach and asked the maid what was in her stomach. Some people say this is an article, others say it is an organ, but Wang Chaoyun says it is full of inappropriate words. The second part describes Su Shi's sadness of listening to the rain alone. Therefore, the ancients were far-fetched, and made an annotation according to this couplet, saying that Su Shi had two concubines, "Chaoyun" and "Sunset Rain". In fact, the "sunset rain" in couplets is not a name, and Su Shi probably wouldn't give a woman such a nondescript name.
"Chaoyun" is a beautiful name, but this beauty has a helplessness. Bai Juyi once said sadly: "Most beautiful things are not firm, colorful clouds are easy to disperse, and glass is fragile." Su Shi appreciated Bai Juyi's poem very much, and wrote a poem saying: "The clouds are easy to disperse, and the thrush worries first." As we all know, "colorful clouds are easy to disperse" has become a prophecy of the fate of Chaoyun. Not only because of the similar names, Su Shi even inadvertently called Chaoyun a colorful cloud. For example, he once wrote a song "South Gezi" for Chaoyun:
Clouds cut new green, and summer drags Xiao Hong.
Waiting for the song to stand in the green feast.
What happened to Caiyun?
I turned back when I was filming Luan Feijing.
Don't knock the tea over the curtains.
Afraid of being seduced by Huayang and marrying Dongfeng.
Su Shi did write the incomparable beauty of Wang Chaoyun, but compared her to a colorful cloud in Wushan, which came and went, flowed and fell, and was doomed not to stay on earth.
Not only that, Qin Guan also wrote a song "South Gezi" for Chaoyun:
I was fascinated by the state of spring, which melted and attracted Guang Xiao.
It shouldn't be easy to get rid of five sheep
I'm afraid Hanlin was a king in his last life.
I am temporarily stationed in Qingge, but I am still busy because of the rain.
Fly away and break people's intestines.
Prince Konglantai, to Gao Tang.
Both poems are beautifully written. Su Ci is ethereal and elegant, while Qin Ci is charming and lingering. But they all use the metaphor of Wushan floating clouds to describe the clouds in Asahi, and it must be because its name inspired them. Compared with Su Ci, Qin Ci's phrase "Stay in the blue sky for a while, but be busy because of the dusk rain" is even more shocking! It's hard to stop singing songs. "Sunset Rain" originated from Wuyang, but it finally became an endless yearning in Liu Ru Pavilion!
Chao Yun was named Chao Yun, perhaps because she was young at the beginning, but such a name as "suddenly flying away broke people's intestines" failed to accompany Su Shi through his last overseas career, took away Su Shi's last love and left him with eternal pain.
two
Su Shi has repeatedly compared himself with Bai Juyi and said, "I am happy, but I am plain." Although he really doesn't have Bai Juyi's "cherry Su Fan mouth, willow small waist", he is not as elegant as Su Fan and Xiao Man in the face of clouds around him. Chao Yun took this name, probably from the sentence in Bai Juyi's Flowers Are Not Flowers:
"Come like a spring dream, go like a floating cloud!"
In the seventh year of Xining (1074), Wang Runzhi, the wife of Hangzhou Su Shi, bought Wang Chaoyun from a singing and dancing class and took her as a maid. At that time, Wang Chaoyun was only twelve years old. When I grew up, I was accepted as a concubine by Su Shi in Huangzhou. In ancient times, it was the most common thing for a lady's maid to become a concubine. However, Su Shi and Chao Yun performed an unusual real life.
Wang Chaoyun couldn't read at first, but she really understood Su Shi. In the ninth year of Xining, Su Shi wrote a famous sentence "Die in Hua Lian" in Mizhou:
Flowers wither and red apricots are small.
Swallows fly, green water people go around.
Little catkins are blowing on the branches,
There are many fish in the sea.
Swing inside and outside the wall.
The layman in the wall, the beauty in the wall laughs.
Laughter fades away, voice fades away,
Affectionate but heartless chagrin.
In Wang Shizhen's Flowers in Full Bloom, it is said that "willow cotton on a branch" may not be able to settle the field (Liu Yong). What do you mean by the river of no return? "In fact, this is indeed one of the most famous and outstanding modern poems in the history of Ci. When Wang Chaoyun wrote this word, she was still a girl of 14 years old. One autumn many years later, the forest was dyed dark and the trees rustled. Chaoyun sang this old song and suddenly burst into tears. Su Shi asked her why, and Chao Yun said, "You can't sing if you sing' There are fewer willows blowing on the branches and more grass in the sea'. "Su Shi laughed:" I feel sorry for autumn, and you are hurting spring again! " "
The ancients thought that fragrant grass was willow cotton, so the willow cotton on the branches blew all over the world, and fragrant grass was born with the wind. This word also alludes to Su Shi's fate of "walking on Wan Li Road for half a day, while the monk lies in buddhist nun to die". Under the pressure of political opponents, his career has improved, but it has further degenerated and suffered a greater blow every time. When Chao Yun sang those two sentences, he remembered the ups and downs of Su Shi's official career and the helplessness of his fate, and could not help but burst into tears.
After Chao Yun's death, Su Shi "never listened to this statement".
In Huangzhou, Chaoyun once gave birth to a son, named Kuaisheng, nicknamed Gan Er. After the full moon bath, Su Shi wrote a poem:
Everyone wants to be smart when adopting a son, and I have been delayed by being smart all my life.
I only hope that this child is honest and honest, and there is no disaster and no difficulty in reaching the public.
Of course, this is a poem that Su Shi teased at will, not by heart, but it has been talked about by people for thousands of years, causing a wide range of * * * voices, because "cleverness is mistaken by cleverness" is the experience of people who have experienced vicissitudes.
However, Su Shi and Chao Yun were very sad that their adopted son died young. Su Shi has a special poem "Crying for Dry Children": "I am forty-nine, and I lost my young son when I traveled. The youngest son is really my son, with eyebrows and horns alike. ..... My old man is always full of energy and cheerful, which makes me smile. Being taken away suddenly, I'm tired of bad karma. ..... I can still wipe my tears, but I forget them when I am far away. Mom cried and wanted to die with you. So the clothes are still hanging and the breasts have flowed to the bed. ……"
In this way, Su Shi and Chao Yun experienced ups and downs again and again in their lives.
three
Su Shi's wife Wang Runzhi died before she was exiled to Huizhou. At that time, Lingnan was considered windy, rainy and poisonous. Su Shi dismissed his concubine for this. However, Chaoyun refused to leave and insisted on following Su Shi to Huizhou.
When this story was played in the TV series Su Dongpo, Su Shi pretended not to see Chaoyun and drove her away, but Chaoyun hid nearby and followed him all the time. After the result was discovered, the two men cried bitterly and shouted to Chaoyun: "I'm not going! I'm not leaving! " Unfortunately, when Su Shi wandered in front of Chaoyun's tomb at the end of the TV series, the tune he played was Jiang written by Su Shi to Wang Fu. In fact, Su Shi once wrote many poems for Chao Yun, such as about Chao Yun's refusal to leave him. Later, he once wrote a poem in great detail:
Changchun is like a child, fluttering and leaning lightly. The wine on the pedestal makes the jade cheeks dizzy, and the red yarn rolls up the clothes.
Low fragrance is a school of its own, which means little. Being Huang Ju is better than being Rong Kui.
Who says this is cowardice? The concept of reading has ups and downs. I was suspicious and angry, but I couldn't shake it.
The rain blows, and it is too late to wither. The old man doesn't know how to drink, and the short sentence is clear and sad.
As can be seen from the poem, Chaoyun is not afraid of wild smoke and fog, but Wan Li followed Su Shi and asked her to leave, which made her very angry. Finally, after they arrived in Huizhou, they lived alone, suffering and suffering. Su Shi remembered that Bai Juyi had a concubine, Yang Liuzhi, who left Bai Juyi when he was ill. Now Su Shi is not only old and sick, but also exiled to the south, which is much worse than Bai Juyi's, but he never left Chaoyun without regrets. To this end, Su Shi specially wrote a poem "Poems Towards the Clouds":
Unlike Yang Zhi, who is unhappy, just like Tong De and Ling Xuan.
The Anuluo show is different from the old one, and the goddess Vimo always interprets Zen.
New works of medicine winding furnace, old karma of dancing shirt fan.
Dan cheng chased me away from the three mountains instead of being a fairy dancer.
Hu Zai gave him "excellent poetry" in Tiaoxi Fishing and Conceiving Conghua. Su Shi, who has suffered a lot, has seen the filth and helplessness of the world. He just wants to leave this dirty world with Chaoyun, away from the sinister people, and go to Sanshan Wonderland to pursue a free life. So, in Huizhou Chaoyun, he washed away the lead, left the dancing shirt fan, and accompanied Su Shi to live in exile peacefully.
At this time, Su Shi is nine out of fifty and two out of thirty. In his poems, Su Shi called Chaoyun a heavenly girl and compared himself to Vimalakīrti. Ancient literati liked the Vimalakīrti Classic very much. It reads: "The Buddha told Manjusri that when you asked about Vimalakīrti's illness, one day a woman in Vimalakīrti's room saw an adult and heard what she said, so she exposed herself and sprinkled smallpox on the bodhisattva's big disciple to support her." Chaoyun is like a scattered girl, accompanying the sick Su Shi, and their feelings have been sublimated as never before.
Su Shi has repeatedly compared Chen Yun to a heavenly girl, and made great efforts to describe her beauty, such as trilogy:
Beauty is like the moon, and it is more beautiful when you see the sunset clouds at first sight.
There should be no hate, and it is safe to use it rain or shine.
Jiao is empty and only becomes sad. She was lazy when she got up, and swallowed it before she spoke.
After not coming for a few days, all the red leaves have fallen.
At present, buying wine is strong. Who will be responsible for reducing exercise and getting a fragrant snow?
What's the matter, cure a disease, Wei Mo is not sick?
But his eyebrows were low, and there was no sad answer, singing golden light and complaining.
Fold it if you can, and cherish it if you can.
There used to be a comment in Su Shi's Ci collection that "a beauty is like a moon", which means that a beauty's face is like a full moon, which is obviously wrong. Here Su Shi uses the ups and downs of the moon to describe the change of mood; Covering the moon with dusk clouds depicts the image of a melancholy and tired beauty. In the lonely and desolate environment, Chaoyun is still so beautiful and more beautiful.
There is also a song "Love One":
White hair is the realm of Vimalakīrti.
Empty abbot, scattered flowers.
Red lips are fuller and richer in color.
These people, thousands of lives only exist.
Kind-hearted and caring.
Under the idle window, gather clouds and wear them.
I learned to wear orchids during the Dragon Boat Festival in the Ming Dynasty.
Find a good poem and ask for a book.
White-haired Su Shi and Chaoyun, who gather clouds and gaze at each other, really complement each other like Wei, far from the right and wrong place of the capital, but live a relatively quiet and comfortable life. In Su Shi's works, Chaoyun is so radiant and so holy.
It is written between the lines that the Dragon Boat Festival writes a good poem for Chaoyun. So Su Shi soon wrote another song, Huanxisha? Dragon Boat Festival:
The faint sweat slightly penetrated the million,
Bathing vanilla at Dragon Boat Festival in Ming Dynasty.
Qingchuan is full of fragrance.
Colored threads are gently wrapped around the red jade arm,
Fu Xiao hung Lv Yun Huan obliquely.
Beautiful women meet for a thousand years.
The word describes the scene of bathing in the Dragon Boat Festival, wrapping the arm with colored thread to avoid getting sick and getting wet; Small print has a body and can make five soldiers. "The fragrance is full of Qingchuan", and the powder is greasy and flows down the river. What a beautiful and vivid picture it is. And "Beauty Meets Millennium" shows their desire to live together like this all the time. Living in the southern wasteland in his later years, facing the clouds became Su Shi's last comfort and emotional destination.
four
Chaoyun died in Huizhou. Chao Yunben couldn't read, so he smoked his eyes along Su Shi's ears and got a general rule. She is also very interested in Buddhism, learning from old ni. Su Shi said that she also had a rough understanding of Buddhism, "reciting four Diamond Sutras".
Su Shi buried Chaoyun in the pine forest of Qichan Temple near the West Lake in Huizhou, and explained himself with poems written for Chaoyun before:
As a seedling, it is amazing not to show off and not to make Tong Wu mysterious to me.
In the scene, I hate that there is no chitose medicine, only Hinayana Zen.
If you want to pay off your old debts when you are sad, you can break your back.
There is no distance to the bamboo root, and the night light is courteous.
Su Shi's deep attachment to Chaoyun can be realized in his poems. "When I think about my sadness and pay off my former debts, I can snap my fingers and break back." Compared with his "blank stare" at Wang Runzhi in those years, Su Shi's attitude towards life is even more cold and indifferent because of the engagement of three lives, the absence of the afterlife and the departure of floating clouds.
This year 10, Huizhou plum blossoms are in full bloom, and thousands of trees are competing in Shan Ye Lake, and their fragrance is floating. People in the Song Dynasty liked plum blossoms very much, and Su Shi was no exception. When he first arrived in Lingnan, he even wrote several plum blossom poems, which made the plum blossom reputation of Luofushan spread far and wide. At this time, Su Shi saw Mei Siren, used Mei as a metaphor, and wrote a poem "Xijiang Moon":
Jade bone's melancholy fog has its own fairy wind.
The sea fairy hangs her green hair upside down when she sends out a fragrant cluster.
Plain noodles are often too pink, and red lips do not fade when washing makeup.
The high sentiment has vanished, and I don't dream with Lihua.
There is a rare bird hanging upside down in Huizhou, which looks like a green-haired phoenix, but its size is smaller, so Su Shi called it "green-haired phoenix". They are often hung upside down on plum trees, which is the unique beauty of plum blossoms in Lingnan. "When the sea fairy sent a probe into the fragrant bush and hung the green hair upside down," Chao Bu Zhi sighed after reading it. "It is impossible for the old man to cross the sea, and he should be punished." "High emotions have vanished from the sky, and I don't dream of pear blossoms." In the words of Xue Baoqin in A Dream of Red Mansions, "The career of three spring seasons is in the east wind, and the dream of bright moon and plum blossoms." Some versions are a bright moon, a pear flower, a dream, all related to Su Shi's ci.
In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen said almost without thinking in Ci Pin: "In ancient and modern Mei Ci, broken fiber, lush green and lush are the first." Whether this poem "Xijiang Moon" can be regarded as the first poem of Yongmei's ci is definitely controversial. Yang Shen said that, perhaps partly because he and Su Shi are fellow villagers. However, in terms of lofty and ethereal artistic conception and profound emotional implication, other Yongmei's ci poems are really incomparable.
Born four years ago, in April, Su Shi was demoted to Qiongzhou and moved from Huizhou to Changhua Army for resettlement. This is going to cross the sea, and it was already the end of the world. Su Zhe was also exiled to Leizhou, and the two brothers just walked from Tengzhou to Leizhou together. It is also a great misfortune to get together for a while in those years of demotion. In Su Shi's poem "Quit Drinking with Tao", Su Zhe advised him to quit drinking because of physical reasons, and wrote that he lamented Su Zhe: "Two drivers are struggling to manage, each with a young child. There is Meng Guang in the sub-room, but Fassi in my room. " Su Zhe's wife Shi comes from a noble family in Meizhou. For decades, she has been concerned about Su Zhe and followed Qi Mei's example. Su Shi, however, has only heard of Buddhism since he went to the cloud, and has never married his daughter.
Before arriving in Tengzhou, when passing through Wuzhou, Guangxi, Su Shi heard his father say that Su Zhe had just passed by the river, so he hurried to catch up and wrote a long poem for Su Zhe to comfort him, saying, "Don't think that the grace is still far away across a sea of clouds." In fact, secretly, Su Shi is by no means so optimistic about being driven to an overseas island. Although he has turned his back on life and death, behind this free and easy life is emptiness and helplessness to the world.
In Wuzhou, facing the misty water, Su Shi wrote a poem "Jiangchengzi" in memory of Chaoyun:
Silver waves are boundless.
As the sun sets, the clouds are light and the wind is light.
I have seen Qingluan Zifeng and Downtown.
I can't play the twenty-five strings, feel empty and regret leaving my feelings.
Cangwu smoke and water cut off and went home.
Who do you greet with neon lights?
Tears flow thousands of lines and there are ten thousand kinds of mourning.
After dancing in the sea of clouds, I hate entering the river through the ages.
At the beginning, he and Chaoyun "once saw Qingfeng going down to the city", but now Su Shi is the only one left. All the pursuits of fame and fortune in the world, all the joys and sorrows, are just like the great magic juggling games in ancient times. After the excitement and noise, everything is gone, only the endless loneliness that pervades the world:
"eternal hatred, become a river"!