The bright moon glows at night
Han Dynasty: anonymous
The bright moon glows at night, which promotes the weaving of the east wall.
Yu Heng refers to Meng Dong, and the stars are vivid.
when the Millennium is stained with weeds, the season suddenly changes.
among the trees in Qiu Chan, the mysterious birds died peacefully.
once upon a time, I was a friend of the same family, holding high and inspiring six purlins.
if you don't want to join hands, you will abandon me like a relic.
there is a bucket in the north of the south basket, and the morning glory does not bear the yoke.
what's the benefit of a good reputation without a solid foundation?
The bright moonlight shines in the night sky, and crickets sing from time to time from the corner in the east.
Yuheng Star in the Big Dipper has pointed to Meng Dong, and many stars in the sky are so shining.
The crystal dew has been covered with weeds on the ground, and it's summer to Qiu Lai in a pinch.
Qiu Chan's intermittent chirping came from the branches. I don't know where the swallow is going.
My old friend, who traveled hand in hand with me in the past, has soared to the heights.
but they don't miss our friendship at all, and they abandon me like pedestrians abandon footprints!
neither nanjixing nor the big dipper can be used to hold things and pour wine, nor can Altair be used to pull carts with a yoke!
No matter how good a friendship is, it can't be as strong as a rock. What's the use of thinking about it carefully?
Notes on "Bright Moon with Bright Nightlight"
Bright Nightlight: It is still said that it is bright and luminous.
promoting weaving: another name for cricket, one is "fun weaving".
Yuheng refers to the fifth star in the Big Dipper. The Big Dipper is shaped like a bucket for drinking: the first to fourth stars are spoon-shaped, which is called the bucket chief; The fifth and seventh stars are in a straight line, which is called bucket handle. As the earth revolves around the sun, from the ground, Douxing changes its orientation every month. The ancients distinguished the passage of festivals according to the transformation of the direction pointed by the stars. Meng Dong: This refers to the first month of winter, and here refers to orientation. Yuhengxing has pointed to the direction of Meng Donghai Palace-northwest, and it is past midnight.
vivid: it means one by one, and the stars are in clear ranks.
suddenly: the original meaning means not paying attention to or ignoring, and here we use the extended meaning, which means rapidly and suddenly. Yi: transformation.
dark bird: swallow. An Shi: Where are you going? Swallows are migratory birds. They come to the north in spring and fly south in autumn. It's getting cold. Where are the swallows flying to?
classmate: a friend who is studying in the same school.
purlin (hé): the original meaning is the hard tube in the middle of the feather, which refers to the big hard horny hollow feather shafts in the tail feathers or wing feathers of birds. It is said that a good-flying bird has six robust stems. Here refers to the wings of birds. It is said that a good-flying bird has six strong' feather stems, so it is called "six purlins".
hand in hand: refers to the friendship in trouble.
"Abandon me" sentence: Abandon me just like a pedestrian abandons his footprints.
nanji (jΡ): the name of a star, which is shaped like a dustpan. There is a bucket in the north: Beidou, the star name, looks like a bucket (drinking vessel).
morning glory: refers to the morning glory. Yoke: the crossbar in front of the shaft, while the ox pulls the cart and bears the yoke. "Not bearing the yoke" means not pulling the cart.
Liang: indeed. Panshi: the same as "rock" and extra-large stone, used to symbolize unswerving feelings.
Appreciation of
At the beginning of this poem, it says: "The bright moon shines with night light, which promotes the weaving of the east wall." In the bright moonlight, crickets are humming and interwoven into a very clear night melody. Here, the poet describes the environment from the perspective and hearing, which not only shows the quietness of the environment and the sadness of the mood, but also implies that it is very late, that is, the midnight time. Look at the night sky again, "Yuheng refers to Meng Dong, and the stars are vivid." When the Beidou rotates horizontally, the bucket handle (dipper) composed of three stars, Yuheng, Kaiyang and Yaoguang, is pointing to Meng Dong in the twelve directions of the astronomical phenomena. The twinkling stars are more like pearls embedded in the sky, reflecting the night sky brilliantly. Everything seems beautiful, including the poet who walks in the moonlight. In ancient China, people used to distinguish the passage of festivals according to the orientation of the stars. According to Mr. Jin Kemu's explanation, "Meng Dong" here refers not to the early winter festival (because there is also "Qiu Chan" in the following), but to some time after the middle of autumn. At this moment, the poet is still wandering under the moon, which shows that the poet is uneasy and has sorrow in his chest.
The poet was silent and wandered in the moonlight. "The Millennium is stained with weeds, and the season suddenly changes." The weeds are covered with crystal dew, which looks so crystal clear and chilly in the moonlight, and it is obvious that the season has changed. The poet has felt that the late autumn has arrived unconsciously, and the flow of time has sailed, and another autumn has arrived. Of course, the rapid passage of time here also implies that time and tide wait for no man, and people are getting old day by day. No wonder all the swallows (black birds) in the past have disappeared. It turns out that it is the season for autumn geese to return to the south. Where will these swallows fly to? -"among the trees in Qiu Chan, the mysterious bird dies peacefully"? This is the poet's disappointed sigh under the moon. This sigh seems to be only for the "dark bird", in fact, it is the poet's disappointed self-question. As can be seen from the following, the poet's visit to the official capital of Beijing has experienced several cold and hot summers. Now the grass is blooming and cicadas are singing, and after another autumn, what they evoke in the poet's heart is infinite melancholy and sadness among the displaced.
The above eight sentences begin with the description of the autumn night scene, and express the poet's sadness of wandering under the moon. Adapting to the silence of autumn night and the poet's sense of dismay and frustration, the brush strokes are light and the colors are white; There is no loud sound, only the occasional sigh of the poet in the symphony of crickets and Qiu Chan. When the poet touches his own pain, his feelings don't get angry. The poet is so anxious and sleepless in the middle of the night because he once hoped and expected, and now all these hopes and expectations are dashed.
disillusioned, upset, sleepless at night. Therefore, the poet wrote: "I used to be a friend of the same family, holding high and vibrating six purlins." This sentence is a metaphor for the apprentice of the same door friend by the bird spreading its wings and flying high. At the beginning, it was undoubtedly like a bright sunshine, which shone brightly on the poet's road ahead. He believes that "same-door" friends will hang down from Qingyun to help themselves; One day, he will be able to compete with his friends in Qi Fei and invite them to visit the blue sky. But the fact is far beyond the poet's expectation. He used to be a friend of the same school, but now he has become a stranger who doesn't know each other. When he was on the rise, he thought of himself as a footstep when he was walking, leaving him behind and dismissing it. "If you don't think about joining hands, you will abandon me like a relic", which is a wonderful metaphor used inadvertently, not only vividly depicts the despicable state of your fellow friends who "change as soon as they have a wide face", but also reveals the poet's incomparable surprise, indignation and injustice that he is ignorant of the world.
At this point, the main idea of the whole poem has just been revealed. The poet wandering in the moonlight turned out to be such a down-and-out person who was deceived and abandoned by his fellow friends. Behind him, the moonlight printed a quiet figure; Above the head, it is still a "vivid" star that shines like a pearl. When the poet looked up at the starry sky with abandoned anger, he just caught a glimpse of the constellations named "Jixing", "Douxing" and "Petunia". The poet suddenly gave birth to a nameless resentment, pointing to these constellations and asking loudly: "There is a fight in the south and the north, and the cow will not bear it!" Here comes "Xiaoya Dadong": "There is a basket in Weinan, so you can't lift it; There is a fight in the north of Victoria, so you can't scoop up the wine. ""Wan Petunia, don't take the box (car). " Here, the poet uses the stars such as Nanji, Beidou and Petunia to show that there is a false name but no practicality, so as to compare the false name of a friend with no practicality. The frustrated poet is in pain, unable to sleep at night, walks out of the room, looks up at the sky, and sees the stars, thus thinking of the indifference of his "classmates", and his heart is full of sorrow and anger, so he has nowhere to vent his anguish, so he asks the stars. In fact, it also implies that the poet has no friends, and even if he does, he is a very utilitarian and heartless person.
At the end of the poem, it says, "What good is a false name?" I think of how my friends swore that the friendship of the same family was "as firm as a rock", but now the name of "the same family" still exists in vain, and the friendship like "the rock" is gone. The poet finally sighed at the sky and closed the whole poem with grief and indignation. This sigh and feeling contains the great pain and sorrow of the poet who was deceived and fooled by the cold world.
It would have been enough to express such pain and sorrow in just a few words. However, this poem was written from the autumn night scene. At first glance, it seems that it has nothing to do with the theme of the poem, but it is actually connected with the emotional expression of the following text: the moonlight cage covers the sadness and lays a sad background for the whole poem; Promoting weaving resounds on the east wall, adding a lot of sad sounds to the silence; "Yuheng refers to Meng" points to the midnight sleepless hour, and "how many stars are vivid" hides the strange thoughts of dustpan, bucket and cow; Then, from the grass dew and cicada singing, the feeling of time flowing is drawn out, which touches the pain of abandoning the same door; Seeing that the anger is extremely "straight down", it is difficult to control. This is the beauty of "Bright Moon at Night" in expressing anger. The sigh, anger, pain and sorrow are always intertwined in a starlight, moonlight, snails and cicadas.
the background of "the bright moon shines at night"
this poem is one of the nineteen ancient poems. The time and author of Nineteen Ancient Poems have always been a hot issue in the study of Han and Wei literature, and various viewpoints are colorful. Yuwen Suoan thinks that China's early poems are a copy system, and there is no conclusive evidence that "ancient poems" were earlier than Jian 'an period. It is difficult to confirm the specific creation time of "Bright Moon and Night Light".