1, note (1) adapt to the secular: adapt to the secular. Rhyme: artistic conception and demeanor. (2) Dust net: refers to the earthly world, where the official life is dirty and introverted, just like a net. This refers to official career and officialdom. (3) Thirty years: Wu thinks it is "thirteen years". From the 18th year of Yuan Dynasty (393) when Tao Yuanming entered Jiangzhou, to the first year (405) when Peng returned to Tian, it happened to be thirteen years. (4) caged birds: birds in cages. Pond fish: fish in the pond. Birds miss the old forest and fish miss their hometown, which means they miss their hometown. (5) Ye Nan: A book is Nanmu. International: between. (6) awkward: positive. There are two words in Pan Yue's Preface to Idle Residence: "clever official" and "clumsy official". Smart officials are good at making profits, and clumsy officials are upright and upright people. Clumsiness means integrity, which can be interpreted as sticking to your stupid nature. (7) Fang: pronounced "Fang". There are more than ten acres of land around the house. (8) sunshade: sunshade. (9) Luo: list. (10) dull: dull appearance. Yiyi: gentle eyes. Market: village. (12) Both of these sentences use the meaning of "cock crow is high in the tree, and dogs bark in the palace" in the article "cock crow" by Han Yuefu. (13) family: family. Trivia in the world. (14) Virtual room: a quiet room. Leisure: leisure. (15) Fan: Fence. Fan Long: A bird storage tool, which is a metaphor for official career and officialdom. Return to nature: refers to return to farming and gardening. These two sentences mean that I am like a caged bird, returning to nature and free. When I was a teenager, I didn't cater to the secular nature. Nature loves mountains and rivers (life). Thirteen years of patchwork. Birds in cages are attached to the Woods where they lived, and fish in ponds miss the deep pools where they lived. Go to Yuan Ye in the south to open up wasteland, stick to stupidity, and return to my hometown to live an idyllic life. There are more than ten acres of land around the house, and there are eight or nine thatched houses. Elms and willows cover the back eaves, and peach trees and plum trees stand in front of the hall. Far away, the inhabited village is faintly visible, and the smoke in the village rises gently with the wind. Dogs bark in deep alleys, and mulberry trees crow. There are no worldly chores in the door, and there is plenty of free time in the empty room. Trapped in a cage for a long time, now I can finally return to nature.
Tian Yuan in Guangxi ranks second.
1. personnel notes: refers to communication with people. Martingale: A belt around a horse's neck when driving. This sentence means living in a secluded place with few chariots and horses. Qu: A secluded place. Street song: still in the countryside. Parker: Pull it out. 2. There are few friends in the countryside and secular, and there are few chariots and horses in remote alleys. During the day, Chai Men was closed, his heart was pure, and vulgar thoughts were cut off. Often set foot in remote villages, through the grass to communicate with each other. When we meet, we don't talk about worldly things, but only about the growth of rural mulberry mothers. My field grows taller and taller, and my cultivated land is wider and wider. I often worry that frost and snow will suddenly come and crops will wither like weeds.
Gui Tian yuan ju qi San
1, note Nanshan: refers to Lushan Mountain. G: Get up. Waste: adjectives as nouns refer to weeds in bean sprouts. Hoe: Carry a hoe. Oh, take it. Get up in the morning and go to the fields to weed. Narrow: narrow. Vegetation length: Vegetation overgrowth. Wet: wet. Foot: It's worth it. But: only. Desire: refers to longing for rural life, not bending over for five buckets of rice and not going with the flow. But do what you want: as long as you don't go against your wishes. Violation: violation. I plant beans at the foot of Nanshan, where there are many weeds and few bean seedlings. Get up in the morning to clear the weeds in the field, and go home with a hoe in the moonlight at night. The road was narrow and covered with vegetation, and the dew of the sunset wet my clothes. There is nothing to regret when your clothes are wet, as long as it doesn't go against your wishes.
Gui Tian Yuan lives in Si Qi.
1, comments to: Leave. Yamazawa: Mountains, rivers and lakes. Longman: Indulge in informality. Try: temporarily. Pi: separate. Pull it out. Hazel (needle): a cluster. Wasteland: An abandoned village. Qiu Long: This refers to the grave. Yiyi: A dimly discernible appearance. Residual plants; Refers to the remaining dead wood and rotten plants. Excuse me, excuse me Payer: Lumberjack. This person: These people refer to people who used to live here. Why, where. Go to. Death (Mo Mo): Death. A strange city all one's life: it means that the cities in South Korea have changed beyond recognition after 30 years. This is an idiom at that time. I: Thirty years. Chaoshi: imperial court and market refer to places where people gather. Phantom: refers to the impermanence of life. Liezi Zhou Muwang: "Those who change shape are called metamorphosis and hallucinations. Knowing that there is no difference between illusion and life and death, you can only learn illusion. " None: Extinction. Chi Chao's "Feng Fa": "Everything belongs to nothing, which is empty." I have been away from mountains, rivers, lakes and seas for a long time, and I am very comfortable in the wilderness. Let's take our son and nephew for a walk in the bushes of the waste market. Wandering between graves, you can vaguely distinguish your former residence. There are traces of wells and stoves, and the remains of mulberry trees and bamboo have been withered by rotten plants. Go up and ask the woodcutter, "Where did the residents move in the past?" The woodcutter said to me, "All are dead, and there is nothing left." "The face of the market has changed in the past 30 years", which is true. Life is like an illusory change, and it is inevitable that nothing will disappear in the end.
Gui Tian Yuan ju Wuqi
1, note (1) From the content, this poem seems to be related to the former prime minister. After returning from a trip to the mountains with disappointment, the poet warmly entertained his neighbors in the village and drank a lot of wine. Although there is a sense of eating, drinking and having fun in time in the poem, there is simplicity everywhere. (2) Regret: melancholy and trouble. Policy: policy stick, policy crutch, do both here. Rugged: The rugged appearance of the ground. Calendar: Go through it. Bangqu: A winding path with many trees. (3) Turbidity: washing. (4) Lu Lu wine: filter the wine with cloth. Filter the distiller's grains. Near game: near neighbors. (5) Sunrise: The sun sets. Jing Jia: Firewood for the fire. (6) Bitterness: hate and regret. Tianxu: It's dawn. 2. Going home alone with crutches, the road is uneven. The mountain stream is crystal clear, so rest and wash your feet on the way. Filter the newly brewed wine at home and cook a chicken to entertain the neighbors. When the sun goes down, the room is dark, so light firewood instead of candles. High interest, short resentment, the east is turning white, and the dawn is beginning to appear.
Appreciation of editing this poem
Gui Tian Yuan is in Qiyi.
Echoing from beginning to end, it is also the pen to point the topic, revealing the main theme of "returning to the garden". But this kind of echo and direction does not feel reluctant at all. The whole poem, from the intense boredom of official life to the beautiful rural scenery and the joy of a new life, naturally reveals a feeling of relief.
Tian Yuan in Guangxi ranks second.
This is the second part of Return to the Garden, which is intended to write about the tranquility of rural life. Write "Jing" from the front first. Living in a remote country, there is little secular communication and entertainment, and few guests visit. It is precisely because there are no ordinary people to disturb, so "cover the door during the day and think in the empty room." Chai Men, with the door left unlocked, has a quiet bedroom, which separates the worldly noise from the worldly distractions. However, when Chai Men opened to the outside world, poets often talked about Sang Ma with their neighbors. But in the poet's view, it is not the secular "personnel" who associate with simple farmers; The word * * * is not a "miscellaneous word". Compared with officialdom full of cleverness and hypocrisy, there is a new world here. -This is external "movement" and internal "quietness". Country life also has its joys and sorrows. "Sang Ma's days are long and my land is vast", which is gratifying; At the same time, it is "always afraid of frost, just like grass." However, this joy and fear are not "dust thoughts". On the contrary, this simple joy and fear means that rural labor makes the poet's mind clear and pure, and his feelings simple. -this is the "movement" of the heart to further demonstrate the "quietness" of the heart. Poets either speak from the front or from the side, so that readers can feel the tranquility of the countryside and their own state of mind. Yuan Haowen once said, "Is this man a poem? He wrote it straight on his chest. " In this longing, the poet described a quiet and pure world.
Gui Tian yuan ju qi San
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas. Explain the working place: Nanshan; The fruit of labor: the grass is full of beans; Comparing "abundance" and "scarcity", the author writes the characteristics of poor labor and the hardships of labor. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. Explained the working hours: a whole day; Writing about the hardships of labor, "Moon Lotus Returning Home" is about the poet who returned from labor alone, but accompanied by the bright moon. Under the moon, the poet walked through the waist-deep grass with a hoe, and a beautiful poem "Returning to the Field under the Moon" suggested that this hardship was happy in the author's eyes. The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. Wrote the hardships of labor, paving the way for writing "clothes are not cherished enough" below. It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will. Point out the purpose: I wrote about the hardships of labor, but this kind of hardship is happy in the author's view, because I yearn for rural life, don't bend my back for five buckets of rice, and don't want to go with the flow, which implies the author's love for rural life and criticism of the dirty society of officialdom, and embodies the author's spiritual quality of being noble, proud, content with poverty and indifferent to fame and fortune. The language of this poem is very plain and natural. "Planting beans in Shannan" and "Dew on my clothes" are all random, without any modification. This natural and simple poem is integrated into the artistic conception of the whole poem, which turns spoken language into poetry, harmoniously unifies simple spoken language and poetic mellow beauty, and forms the artistic characteristics of Shi Tao's simple and mellow beauty. Tao poetry is plain and interesting. The interest of Tao poetry comes from freehand brushwork. "Go home with the moon hoe", the poet who returned from work is alone, but accompanied by the bright moon. The poet under the moon walked through waist-deep grass with a hoe on his shoulder. Returning to the countryside on a moonlit night, what a beautiful picture! It is full of the poet's happy mood and seclusion pride. The plain language of "planting beans in Nanshan" and the beautiful sentence of "bringing lotus home in the moon"; The first sentence is real, and the last sentence is empty. The whole poem is soft and perfect with the mutual complement of simplicity and reality.
Overall appreciation
This poem vividly describes the poet's life and feelings after retirement, and expresses the author's happy mood and joy in the countryside after his resignation, thus showing his love for rural life and the joy of workers. At the same time, it implies a sense of disgust at the dark and corrupt life of officialdom. It shows that the author is unwilling to go with the flow, and is willing to endure the hardships of field life in order to maintain his complete personality and noble sentiment. In fact, the author Tao Yuanming once wrote that Guiyuan Tianju is his ideal former residence. The five poems of Returning to the Garden are an inseparable organic whole. The reason for this is not only because these five poems describe the poet's rich and fulfilling seclusion life from the aspects of resigning, gathering with relatives and friends, enjoying farming, visiting old friends and drinking at night, but more importantly, as far as the feelings expressed are concerned, they run through this group of poems with a natural and pleasant interest. Although there are emotional turmoil and turning points in the poem, the bright colors of joy and philosophy reflect the whole article. Some commentators are happy to praise the "non-adhesion" in Yuan Ming's chest. In fact, there is still "adhesion". In other words, when Yuan Ming resigned from his post, he wrote "Home Words". Isn't there a saying that "Xi is sad alone"? In other words, there is always a trace of melancholy in his heart. The truly pure soul will not be born (although the poet has repeatedly declared that he is "getting better and better, loving autumn mountains"), but gradually becomes clear in the process of constantly filtering out ideological impurities. Just as a person doesn't want to touch the hidden pain in his heart, the poet doesn't want to mention the filthy officialdom that has just been pulled out of it in Returning to the Garden. It's a pity to fall into the dust net by mistake. And "walking for 30 years" means that I resigned at the age of 29, "studying as an official", and at the age of 465,438+0, "How about carrying fifty doumi in the village?" . However, today, after all, I got my wish, and my mood at the moment was suddenly relieved. "There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine straw houses." Among them is the deep feeling of "I love my family". "On the back eaves of the elm tree Liu Yin, Li Tao Luo tang qian." Under the eaves, willows are swaying and shadowy. The breeze calmed the poet's anxiety. At present, the beauty of peaches and plums is full of complexity, which arouses a lot of joy in the poet's heart. The poet is communicating his feelings with ignorant plants. Looking around, the smoke from the kitchen melted in the dusk. I listened attentively and vaguely heard dogs barking and chickens crowing. In front of me, many documents and files have disappeared, replaced by beloved "Qing Qin" and "different books". Ji Kang took "many things in the world, many accumulated cases" and "full guests, loud noises and many tricks" ("Breaking Up with Shan Juyuan") as the reasons for being an official. Here, the poet seems to have used the word "dusty" intentionally or unintentionally. He told us that the "dust net" that we had to deal with in the past is gone, and there will be no more. In this sense, there is indeed a sense of "empty room"; But it makes sense. He has started a life completely arranged and dominated by himself. "After a long time in the cage, I returned to nature." "Ninety-nine" and "Thirty Years" set each other off, "Fan Long" and "Dust Net" set each other off, "Sex" set each other off, and the word "return" highlighted the fun of "returning to the soul". Yes, officialdom eroded his half life and defiled his "chastity", but today, after all kinds of hardships, the poet finally got gratifying compensation. It was the poet's heartfelt cheers that finally broke free from the cage, like a bird returning to the mountains, gained freedom and bid farewell to official life. This sentence is the crowning touch, echoing the beginning, which shows the poet's noble ambition and dissatisfaction with the dark reality. The whole poem (1) is mainly lyrical, with descriptions of rural scenery and metaphors of "catching birds" and "pond fish", which fully shows the poet's feelings of loving free and simple rural life and despising ugly official life. Scenes blend, language is unpretentious, and confrontation is very natural. Readers can not only see the countryside, houses, elms, peaches and plums, but also smell the barking of dogs and chickens. In this quiet pastoral scenery, they can also see a free and easy poet singing the voice of "returning to nature after a long time in a cage". "There are few people in the wild and few wheels in the poor lanes." I think these two sentences should be interpreted in reverse: "I came to the wild for rare people, and I lived in the back alley to avoid social intercourse." You know, this is not an objective narrative, but a subjective choice. The poet retired from the officialdom to the wild, from the wild to the poor alley, hiding scenery during the day, sitting in his room and thinking about wine. Layers of prevention, avoiding the world is not far away, shielding friends is not enough, and abandoning common concern is endless. Is the poet lonely enough to be unreasonable? No, it seems that the poet deliberately dispelled people's illusions and started his own life and spiritual world for us: "It's time to revive the market, it's time to go back and forth." Although he has no "three paths", he has his own frequent contacts. "There is no nonsense when we meet, and Sang Ma has a long way to go." They have a favorite topic. Life in the country is simple and even poor, quiet and even lonely. However, it is this environment that enables people to acquire the same language and cultivate a simple and sincere feeling. "It's interesting to hear more simple-minded people." (Migration) The poet lives a poor life at all costs, and his children are "young and hungry" (Sparse and Yan Zi and others). It is this kind of truth between heaven and earth that he pursues diligently. A new life begins with the shame of being trapped in the sea by plowing and washing snow. Perhaps it is because of the bondage of officials' bodies and the decline of physical fitness. Perhaps because of the long-term separation from the countryside, agronomy is somewhat sparse. "Grass is full of bean seedlings" and it is not well cultivated. What is revealed here is a sense of shame and self-encouragement. "In the morning, I was busy dealing with waste and dirt. I took the lotus home." Only from the perspective of time, we can also see the perseverance and diligence of the poet. He removed the "filth" and other thoughts in his heart. I feel relieved after removing the weeds. It can be seen that I am still the person who "naturally loves autumn mountains" and the person who is willing to be a farmer and can also be a farmer. Lotus hoe returned home at night, proud, looked up, the moon was in the sky, and the poet was like a victorious soldier. There is hard work, but it is this hard work that gives him great spiritual satisfaction. "Willing" means retiring to the countryside and not following the customs. The desire to live in seclusion and work hard. Don't want to sell your soul for wealth. The fourth poem and the fifth poem are actually two parts of a poem. The poet visited his old friend with great ambition and even a little ostentatious. The sons and nephews are neck and neck, laughing constantly, finding their way with hazelnuts and making great strides. He wants to recall the past with his old friends, chat with them and have a few drinks ... However, what he sees in front of him is the broken scene of "there is a legacy in the well, and the mulberry is rotten", but what he hears is the bad news of his old friend's "death without healing". Poets who have always been knowledgeable can't help falling into the deep sorrow that "life is like an illusion, but it is always empty". Therefore, the fifth poem, "I am disappointed and resentful, and I still have sons and nephews to follow, but the poet is unwilling to say more, just like a lonely goose," wandering alone "; The rugged calendar hazel, a bush on the path tugged at his clothes. What does the poet "regret"? What he regrets is the inevitable illusion of life, and what he resents is his ignorance. If you leave the officialdom early and spend more time with your old friends, it will actually delay the arrival of this tragedy to the maximum extent. Then, how can the poet get rid of this feeling of loss-"the mountain stream is shallow, when it meets my feet." Perhaps because of the grief of visiting friends, perhaps because of the hardships and tiredness of the journey, the poet sat by the stream for a while. This stream is crystal clear and unobstructed; Soaking in the water, suddenly, a cool feeling flowed all over his body, which also made him wake up from his complicated thoughts. He seems to have returned to reality from a sad dream. Did I come back or not? "If you realize the past, don't protest. If you know what will happen, you can pursue it. "Life is short, but I have little precious time left. I don't have many friends who "loiter in the grass". From the perspective of "drinking my newly brewed wine, only chickens attract the latest situation", the poet obviously erased the unpleasant cloud hanging over my heart. Wine is beautiful with Chen, and the word "newly boiled wine" shows that the family has no spare money, and also points out the poet's urgent mood of "binge drinking" at the moment. This can't help but remind me of the interesting answer in the article "Biography of the General of the Western Regions, Meng Fu Jun" written by the poet: "(Huan) Wen tried to ask Jun () and said,' What's good about wine?' Jun smiled and replied,' Gong Ming doesn't drink.' "If we ask Yuan Ming at this moment," What's good about wine, Qing loves it ",I think he will definitely answer us" but wine is not interesting ". Yes, this "taste in wine" is too rich and mysterious: it eliminates the fatigue of the poet for a day; It relieves the grief of visiting friends; It makes poets feel the real interest of life; Make the poet optimistic again and become philosophical; It also deepened the understanding and feelings of the poet's neighboring songs. Both the host and the guest are happy and raise their voices frequently; At dusk, the poet lit firewood at random and learned a kind of "candlelight night tour". The atmosphere of fireworks in the room will not only make people feel shabby, but also add a warm and cordial atmosphere. " What kind of life is like worrying, what kind of old and withered sigh, all of which are quietly dissolved in the understanding of the true meaning of life in an instant. "The height is high and the night is short, and the east is getting white, and there is a road to dawn." A new day has begun, and the new life that has just begun is not as bright as this rising sun. "These two sentences are the crowning touch of the whole poem, the main theme of the movement and the strongest sound of life. Looking through five songs, the officialdom is filthy and finally compensated; Living in poverty, but having the affection of relatives and friends; Farming is hard and the mind is satisfied; Life is short, but you have a thorough understanding of the true meaning of life. In this way, the poet put the whole seclusion life, no, the whole joy of life, into his Wang Yang poems. This is a high generalization and a profound revelation. It is in this sense that, contrary to the filthy reality, Returning to the Garden has reached a perfect and harmonious artistic conception and opened up a "broad and graceful" spiritual world. The poet's life is not smooth sailing, and his heart is not a quiet world where all contradictions have been eliminated. The poet's value lies in that in the ideal pastoral world opposite to the clan society, he finally found the dignity of his own personality, the affection of his friends, no status, no interpersonal relationship between the rich and the poor, no intrigue and mutual strife. This is the concentrated expression of Shi Tao's ideological connotation and the source of Shi Tao's simplicity, simplicity, freshness and natural style. He painted an ordinary scene. Thatched huts, elm willows, peaches and plums, Yuan Ye in Nanshan, barking dogs and crowing chickens may all be unsightly in the eyes of noble literati, but the poet found the beauty of simplicity, harmony and nature from them. He expressed his true feelings. He didn't enjoy it with the appreciator's feeling of searching for the source, empathy and temporary floating, but observed and praised it with a local thought. So his feelings are persistent, vigorous, broad and focused. Everything around him is a silent partner in his life, which opens the sound of * * * in his heart. He explained the truth. What he understands is what he put into practice. He is honest and frank, not isolated from the world; He is easy-going and unsophisticated. He never shows off and doesn't have to hide it. Quitting the field does not admire lofty, and this "sex" is also difficult; I am willing to work hard to make my heart "willing"; Avoid making friends just to abandon the "dust of dreams"; I feel sad about life because he misses this short and fulfilling life. " Writing articles to amuse oneself is a considerable manifestation of one's ambition. "(Biography of Mr. May 6th) I wrote my heart, which is enough. He chose the word "Yi". "There are about ten acres of land around the house, thatched cottages." Once boring numbers are integrated into poetry, they are endowed with infinite vitality. Generally speaking, counting is not a real habit of villagers; In particular, it shows the relaxed mood of the poet after he resigned. "The village in the distance is vaguely confused. The poet stands and stares for a long time, but he can't see the psychological closeness. The sky is boundless, which is in line with the spacious mood of the poet after his great liberation. Wang Wei also appreciates this artistic conception. The poem "A Message from Wangchuan Bieye" says: "The sunset lingers at the ferry, and the night wind wafts from the house. "I regret that deliberate observation is not as good as Yuan Ming's unintentional feelings, and the words I consider are not as simple and natural as Yuan Ming's words." The mountain stream is shallow and meets my feet. "The text is set according to the scene, and the meaning changes with the text, secretly revealing the subtle changes in artistic conception. A great craftsman can't see an axe mark on his back, which is worthy of the reputation of "flowing clouds and flowing water" "Filter out your new wine and cook chicken for your neighbors." This "trick" is so vivid! Stay at home, call from the partition, and you won't be surprised to know the neighboring songs. In contrast, I think "prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend, and you will entertain me on your farm." (Meng Haoran, "Passing the Old Village") is complicated. Picking chrysanthemums in Dongli
His metaphor, such as "birds love the old forest, while fish in the pond miss the old source", is so ingenious and appropriate. "Sang Ma, if long, I soil, if wide. Always afraid of frost, scattered grass. " "Shannan grows beans and the grass is full of bean seedlings." In the morning, I will dispose of garbage and dirt and take the lotus home. "Life seems illusory, but in the end it is empty" has a natural charm, like a proverb, almost the same as spoken English. Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long Lian Zi" said: "Since the Jin Dynasty, the use of words has been simple and easy to take the times. It is difficult for anyone to take it. " However, the people who really cultivate Yi characters and achieve transformation are only profound and clear! Constant scenery, true feelings, wisdom and easy words are Yuan Ming's artistic interests, which is an artistic portrayal of Yuan Ming's life. Another: (1) The poem begins by saying that when I was young, I didn't adapt to the secular character, but I naturally loved natural scenery. "Falling into the dust net by mistake" means a lot of regret. Comparing "dust net" with officialdom shows the poet's contempt and disgust for dirty officialdom. "Caged birds" and "pond fish" are both animals that have lost their freedom. Tao Yuanming used his own metaphor to show that he missed the beautiful nature like a bird loves to return to the forest and a fish misses his hometown. Returning to nature means regaining his freedom. So how do you make a living? "Southern Land Reclamation" can make up for the previous mistakes and can "return to the garden". Next, it describes the quiet and natural pastoral scenery. Although Tao Yuanming lived at the foot of Lushan Mountain since childhood and was very familiar with the mountains and rivers here, this time he broke free from the shackles of officialdom and returned to the free world forever from the cage dust net, so he had a special joy and freshness. Looking back and looking forward, he looked at the square houses, grass houses, elm willows, peaches and plums, villages, kitchen smoke, and even the barking of dogs and the crowing of chickens in deep alleys, all of which constituted the true interest in the poet's chest. "Warm", vague vision; "yiyi", light smoke curled up. In this diluted silence, coupled with a few crows, more and more shows the tranquility and leisure of rural life. At the end of the four sentences, the mind is written by the scenery, and "virtual room" corresponds to "home", which refers to both the leisurely and quiet room and the poet's carefree state of mind. At the end of the poem, the two sentences "I have been locked in a cage for a long time, but I have returned to nature" echo the beginning of the poem. The personality shown here is neither a villa hermit nor a field farmer. The retired scholar-officials have a superior material life, while the farmers in weeding fields lack the spiritual life of Tao Yuanming, so Tao Yuanming is a poet and philosopher who can really appreciate the interest of nature and gain peace of mind from hard work. "Returning to nature" is the central theme of this poem. It is the poet's life ideal and the main theme of this group of pastoral poems.