(1) At that time, some people thought that "Ming Jing" copied more essays, only talked about old strategies or failed to show real talents and practical learning. They suggested adding two articles (one poem and one fu), so they began the poetry and fu examination.
② Tang Xuanzong's love for poetry and prose. During his reign, he personally interviewed candidates for imperial examinations in Chang 'an and Luoyang Palace for eight times and admitted many talents.
The imperial examination system, also known as imperial examination and imperial examination system, was a system for selecting officials through examinations in ancient China. It is called imperial examination because it adopts the method of selecting scholars by subjects.
If a scholar wants to be promoted, in principle, he is allowed to' vote for what he likes' without special recommendation from the minister or county magistrate. This is the most important feature of the imperial examination system, and it is also the most fundamental difference from the imperial examination system.
The imperial examination system improved the previous employment system and completely broke the hereditary relationship of blood and the monopoly of clan; "The court is Tian Shelang, and the court is the emperor at dusk", but the content and form in the later period seriously bound the candidates, which made many people not stress practical knowledge and bound their thoughts.
The imperial examination system was implemented from the Sui Dynasty (Tang Dynasty) until the last Jinshi examination was held in the 31st year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1905), which lasted more than 1300 years and became the longest way to select talents in the world. The largest imperial examination room in ancient China was Jiangnan Gongyuan, covering an area of more than 300,000 square meters. Another China Imperial Examination Museum is the only professional museum in China that reflects China's imperial examination system. It is also the center of China's imperial examination system, China Imperial Examination Cultural Center and China Imperial Examination Cultural Relics Collection Center.
Examination content:
(1) Mo Yi: This is a simple question and answer question around Jing Yi and his notes. In a paper, there are often as many as 30 to 50 such topics. The oral test is an oral answer to questions like Mo Yi's.
(2) Sticking the classics: just like filling in the blanks and writing in the modern test paper. The examiner selects a page from the famous works and prints a line on the test paper. According to this line, candidates should fill in the relevant context.
3 policy issues: that is, discussion. Candidates express their opinions and put forward countermeasures according to the examiner's questions about morality or politics. Policy issues cover a wide range, including politics, education, production and management. It is more difficult than sticking scriptures and Mohism, and some of them have some practical value.
(4) Confucian classics: it is a discussion about the principles of books. If there is still room for candidates to play in policy making, there is no personal thought in Confucian classics, and candidates just follow the "sage book" designated by the court. Since the Song Dynasty, the meanings of Confucian classics and Mohism have been replaced by Confucian classics, while the Ming Dynasty simply studied Confucian classics.
⑤ Martial arts: The martial arts in the Tang Dynasty mainly test techniques such as weightlifting, riding and shooting, stepping and javelin. In addition, there are also requirements for the appearance of candidates, and they should be "majestic in trunk and able to be a general". The Song Dynasty stipulated that martial arts should not only use soldiers, but also "a pair of strategies". Sun Wu's The Art of War asked questions. In the Ming dynasty, it was changed to "strategy first, martial arts second". If you fail the written test, you can't refer to the martial arts test. I took three questions, two questions, and the other question was about four books. Later, the titles of the four books were all changed to Jason Wu's Dictation. Wushu test requires at least three shots of nine arrows and at least five shots of nine arrows. In the Qing dynasty, it was changed to try to shoot with horse stance, and the horse shot six arrows twice, and the three arrows in the middle were combined. Five of the nine arrows in the step are merged. Then compare strength, including pulling a hard bow, dancing a knife and lifting stones. Bow is divided into eight forces, ten forces and twelve forces; Knife score 80, 100, 120 kg; Stones are divided into 200, 250 and 300 Jin. Only those who pass the exam will take the written test.