The author of The Book of Songs is unknown. It was collected by Yin Jifu and edited by Confucius. At first, it was just called "Poetry" or "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was regarded as a Confucian classic and called The Book of Songs. There are three kinds of editors in The Book of Songs: style, elegance and ode. "Wind" is a ballad of Zhou Dynasty. Elegant music is the official music of Zhou people, which is divided into harmony and elegance. Ode is a musical song used for sacrificial rites in Zhou and noble ancestral temples, which is divided into ode to, and ode to Shang.
The Book of Songs is rich in content, reflecting labor and love, war and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and feasting, and even astronomical phenomena, landforms, animals and plants. It is a mirror of the social life of the Zhou Dynasty.
2. Du Fu (AD 7 12- AD 770) was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Henan Province). Du Fu's great-grandfather, Du Fu, moved to Gongxian County from Xiangyang, Hubei Province. Grandfather Du, father, Du Fu and Du Jia lived in Gongxian for 85 years. Du family in Xiangyang, one of the branches of Du family in Jingzhao, moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province. A great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, who claimed to be a young man at night, was called "Du Li" together with Li Bai. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du.
Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about his life and managed state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu.
3. Xin Qiji (11May 28th, 40-1207, 65438+1October 3rd) was born in Licheng County, Jinan, Shandong East Road (now Sifengzha Village, Yao Qiang Town, Licheng District, Jinan City), a poet of Southern Song Dynasty in China. Xin Qiji was born in the State of Jin. He is a teenager who resists the return of gold to Song Dynasty. He served as an envoy of Jiangxi and Fujian. Posthumously presented to Shi. There is a collection of Jia Ci, Long Xuan and a collection of short sentences, with more than 600 existing words. Strong patriotism and fighting spirit are the basic ideological content of his words. Famous ci poems include I love to fetch the lake with water, it is easier to touch the fish for several storms, Manjiang is living in the south of the Yangtze River, you have been to the north of Qin Dynasty, and Xijiang travels in the middle of Huangsha Road at night. The artistic style of his ci is diverse, mainly bold and unconstrained, with a gloomy and heroic style, but there is no lack of delicacy and femininity. His ci has a wide range of themes, making good use of predecessors' allusions, expressing patriotic enthusiasm for restoring national unity, pouring out grief and indignation, and condemning the humiliation and peace of the rulers at that time. There are also many works that praise the rivers and mountains of the motherland. He is the author of "Ten Theories on Meiqin" and "Nine Theories", which provided strategies for Chen Zhanshou. Xin Qiji died in the autumn of12007, at the age of 68, because of disagreement with the ruling pacifists.
4. Ma Zhiyuan (later about1250-1321), a thousand miles away, was named Dongli (although his name is unknown, his name is far-reaching, and he was later called "Dongli"), a Han nationality, a drama writer in the Yuan Dynasty, a native of the Yuan Dynasty (now Beijing), and originally from Dongguang, Hebei Province. His time was later than that of Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu and others. His birth year was about 1250, and his death year was about 132 1 year from the reform of Yuan Dynasty to the first year of Taiding. He, Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu and Bai Pu are also called "four outstanding figures of Yuan Opera".
Ma Zhiyuan was a famous playwright in Yuan Dynasty, mostly from Beijing. Because of Tianjingsha Qiu Si, he is known as the ancestor of Qiu Si (he has been selected as one of the four ancient Chinese poems in Grade 7 15) (one of the three Chinese books in Grade 8 published by Su Jiao Edition). There are 0/5 kinds of zaju/kloc, among which Autumn in Han Palace is his masterpiece. Sanqu/kloc-more than 0/20 songs, including Dongli Yuefu series. When I was young, my career was bumpy, and when I was middle-aged, I was a scholar. He was an official in Zhejiang, and later served as the director of the Ministry of Industry in Dadu (now Beijing). In his later years, Ma Zhiyuan was dissatisfied with the current situation, lived in seclusion in the countryside, entertained himself with a cup, and was buried in his ancestral home after his death.
Ma Zhiyuan participated in the creation of zaju in his early years and was a major member of Zhenyuan Bookstore. He had contacts with Wang Bocheng, Hua, and Li Er, and was one of the famous "Four Masters of Yuan Opera" at that time. (Four people include Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu. ) Ma Zhiyuan has been engaged in the creation of zaju for a long time, and his reputation is also great, and he is known as the "number one composer". There are 65,438+06 kinds of existing works, including Autumn in the Han Palace, Monument to the Blessing, The Story of Yueyang Tower, Tears in Shirts, Sleeping in Chen Tuan, Ren Fengzi, The Dream of the Huangliangmeng, The Scarlet Letter and Flowers. The most famous is Autumn in Han Palace. Sanqu has Dongli Yuefu.
5. Ai Qing, 19 10 was born in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province on March 27th, and is a modern writer and poet.
1928 After graduating from high school, he was admitted to Hangzhou National West Lake Painting Academy. 1933 The long poem Dayan River-My Nanny was published under a pseudonym for the first time. 1932 Joined the China Left-wing Artists Union and engaged in revolutionary literary and artistic activities. 1935, the first book of poetry, Dayan River, was published. 1957 was wrongly classified as a rightist. He once lived and worked in Heilongjiang and Xinjiang, and his creation was interrupted for more than 20 years. After his rehabilitation from 65438 to 0979, he served as vice chairman of the Chinese Writers Association and vice chairman of the International PEN Center. 1985 won the highest medal in French literature and art 1996 died of illness at 4 am on May 5 at the age of 86.