It is better to have an author and an era of writing. It is difficult to analyze without the historical background.
From the surface of the poem, it describes the bustling and noisy scene seen after entering Xingyang in the morning. The author should be going somewhere by boat, entering Beijing or returning to his hometown. The journey was desolate and lonely, but after arriving at Xingyang Realm, he finally felt a buzz of people. It seemed that the destination had been reached, but "the road ahead is beyond the white clouds, and the lonely sail is safe." "It can be said." None of this belongs to me. There is still a long way to go, and I have to drive my way alone.
The whole poem uses noise to contrast tranquility, and prosperity to contrast loneliness, expressing the inner loneliness and confusion about the future.
A rough analysis, please criticize and correct me.
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This article was published in "Zhengzhou Daily" on January 11, 2010
Famous poet of the Tang Dynasty Wang Wei had great achievements in poetry and painting. Su Dongpo praised him as "there is painting in poetry, and there is poetry in painting". Because he believed in Buddhism, later generations called him the "Poetry Buddha".
Wang Wei was originally from Shanxi, and lived in Wangchuan Villa in Lantian, Shaanxi in his later years. When he was about six or seven years old, he moved to Luoyang and Songshan in Henan for more than 20 years. So in a certain sense, Henan is Wang Wei's second hometown. There is an interesting record in "The Biography of the Tang Dynasty": "Wang Henanwei, someone may have reported: 'The public will be removed from the right jurisdiction.' The king said: 'I appointed this official, I am worried about being called a poet. Wang Youcheng. '" Wang Wei never served as a local official in Henan (i.e. Henan Prefecture. In the first year of Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Luozhou. The seat of governance was Luoyang County - now Luoyang City, Henan Province). Others called him "Wang Henan Wei". The only explanation is that his home was in Henan at that time.
In February of the ninth year of Kaiyuan (721), Wang Weizhong was awarded the title of Jinshi, and in March he was awarded the title of Lecheng. Unexpectedly, the good times did not last long. In June and July of that year, he was demoted and served as Sicang of Jizhou (the administrative seat of Lu County, southwest of Chiping, Shandong today) to join the army. When he first started his official career, he encountered misfortune again. Wang Wei felt really frustrated and depressed. When he left Chang'an, he wrote a song "Being Expelled from Jeju". The word "bei" is a bit like the ridicule and helplessness of modern people who are "being" promoted and "represented". The last two lines of the poem, "Even if there is a day to return, the years of sorrow will invade my temples" show that the poet is very disappointed with the future.
Wang Wei traveled all the way eastward, leaving Hangu Pass and passing through Luoyang, the eastern capital. He returned home to visit his mother and younger siblings and then started on the road again, arriving at Wulao (today's Hulao Pass). Wang Wei stayed here and wrote a poem "Staying in Zhengzhou":
I bid farewell to Zhou people in the morning and stayed with Zheng people in the evening. Unparalleled couples in a foreign land, lonely guests, children and servants. Wanluo can't be seen, the autumn rain is dim and the land is flat. The father of the field is returning home from the grass, and the village boy is grazing in the rain. The owner went up to Donggao, and the crops were surrounding the thatched house. Insects think about machines and feel sad, birds noisy and grains are ripe. Tomorrow I will cross the Jingshui River, but last night I was still in the Golden Valley. What do you want to say when you go away? I am poor and care about a small salary.
Early the next morning, Wang Wei set out from Wulao and took a boat through Aocangkou in the northeast of Xingyang to Xingze. The beautiful scenery and prosperous scenes along the way made him forget his worries, and his poetry began to flourish again. He wrote "Entering Xingyang Realm Early":
I entered Xingze by boat, and the city became a powerful feudal lord. The river meanders through Yan Pass, and there are many fireworks in the middle of Sichuan. Because people see customs and hear dialects when entering the country. The fields in Akino are prosperous and the market in Chaoguang is noisy. There are waves of fishermen and merchants, and there are chickens and dogs in the village beside the bank. The road ahead is beyond the white clouds, and the solitary sail can be said to be safe.
What must be explained here is why Wang Wei wrote "Stay in Zhengzhou" when he was in Wulao instead of managing the city where the state was governed? According to the "Old Book of Tang Geography": "Zhengzhou was located in Xingyang County in the Sui Dynasty. In the fourth year of Wude, King Ping Shichong placed Zhengzhou in Wulao and controlled the five counties of Sishui, Xingyang, Xingze, Chenggao and Mi. , and established Guanzhou in Guancheng County, taking charge of the four counties of Guancheng, Xushui, Putian, and Qingchi. In the first year of Zhenguan, Guanzhou and the two counties of Xushui and Qingchi were abolished, and Yangwu and Xinzheng of Guanzhou were abolished. The four counties belong to Zhengzhou. In seven years, Zhengzhou was moved from Wulao to Guancheng." Although 88 years have passed, this place is under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou after all, and it is the seat of the state of "Old Zhengzhou", so it can also be called. "Stay in Zhengzhou". Not talking about Wulao, but talking about Zhengzhou, there is another meaning, that is, Zhengzhou is higher than Wulao due to its popularity.
Wang Wei sailed eastward from Xingyang and passed through the Bianhe River to reach Bianzhou. Bianzhou, now Kaifeng City, was changed to Liangzhou by Emperor Xuan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and its governance was in Junyi County (now northwest of Kaifeng City, Henan Province). From the early Tang Dynasty to the Kaiyuan period, it governed two counties: Junyi and Kaifeng (now Kaifeng City, Henan). Wang Wei stayed in Bianzhou for a short time. He wrote a poem "The Master of Thousand Pagodas": "It's a festive season when traveling against the river, and the expedition is yet to be sailed. The window faces the Bianhe River, and the door crosses the Chu people's boat. Chickens and dogs are scattered in the countryside, and the mulberry trees are far away. The people who live there are missing, and there are clouds and smoke on the pillows.” It can be seen from the saying that it is around the Mid-Autumn Festival. The purpose of Wang Wei's temporary stay in Bianzhou was to visit the owner of a thousand pagodas, but unfortunately he did not see him. However, Wang Wei left behind such a beautiful sentence describing the pastoral scenery as "chickens and dogs scattered in the countryside, mulberry trees shade the distant fields", which allows us thousands of years later to vaguely appreciate the peace and leisure of Kaifeng's rural areas.
After leaving Bianzhou, Wang Wei passed by Huazhou (today's Huaxian County, Henan Province) by land and finally arrived in Jezhou.
Poems such as "Staying in Zhengzhou", "Early Entering Xingyang Realm" and "Master of Thousand Pagodas" are not only important materials for studying Wang Wei, Tang poetry and Tang history, but also indispensable for studying the history and culture of Zhengzhou and Kaifeng. Missing historical documents.