Original text and appreciation of "Sutras, Fables·Fayun Temple"

Original text and appreciation of "Sutras, Fables·Fayun Temple"

Yang Xuanzhi

Fayun Temple was established by Hu Shamen Tamaro of Wuchang Kingdom in the Western Regions also. In the west of Baoguang Temple, there is a partition wall and a door. Moro is smart and sharp, but he is poor in learning. When he arrived in China, he learned about Wei Yan and official scripts. Everything he heard and saw was understood comprehensively, and both the noble and the lowly in Taoism and customs admired them. The workmanship of Qihuan is very refined. The Buddhist hall and the monks' rooms are all decorated with beards. Dansu is colorful. Gold and jade shine. Copying the appearance of ***, it is like seeing a deer garden six feet tall; the divine light is magnificent, like a diamond in a twin forest. Within Jialan, there are luxuriant flowers and fruits, fragrant grasses and beautiful trees. Those who are fond of the Hu Dharma among the ascetics in the capital will go to Mara to accept and uphold it. The practice of moral discipline is really hard, and it is difficult to praise it. The secret mantra is divinely realized and is not available in Jambu. Cursed dead trees can grow branches and leaves, cursed people can turn into donkeys and horses, and everyone will be horrified to see them. The relics, bones, teeth, sutras and images of Buddha collected from the Western Regions are all in this temple.

In the north of the temple, there is a minister who orders Lin Huai Wang or his house, or he has extensive knowledge of classics. By the time of Zhaoqing in the Three Yuan Dynasty, all the nations had reached their peak, golden cicadas were shining on their heads, gems and jade were humming their waists, they were carrying sceptres, and they meandered back to the road. The viewers will forget their fatigue and be amazed. Or *** Lin Quan, another guest. As for the spring breeze, the flowers and trees are like brocade, eating in the south hall in the morning, and visiting the back garden at night. The officials are in groups, the banquets are full of handsome people, the silk tung trees are ringing, the wine glasses are popular, the poems and poems are presented together, and when the clear words are spoken, everyone will understand the mystery and forget the stinginess. Therefore, those who enter a house are said to have ascended to immortality. Zhang Pei, a scholar from Jingzhou, wrote a poem in five words. There is a Qingba sentence that goes: "The flowers in the forest are of different colors, and the trees and birds sing in the same voice." Or they are given with dragon brocade. There were also those who got scarlet silk and purple damask, but Pei Ziming from Hedong did not work on poetry and was fined with a stone of wine. Ziming drank half a fight and fell asleep drunk. At that time, people were talking about the mountain waves, and Er Zhu Zhao entered the capital and was probably killed by the rebels. The government and the public felt sorry for him.

Four miles outside Xiyang Gate, there is Luoyang City to the south of the Imperial Road, eight miles to the Zhouhui Road, and there is the Queen's Terrace to the south of the city. It was built by the Han general Liang Ji and is still high. More than ten feet. In the bright scenery, Bhikkhu Daoheng stands on top of Lingxian Temple. There is Heyang County in the west of Taiyang, and there is the residence of Shizhonghou Gang in Taitung. There is a Tushan fish pond in the northwest of the city, which was also built by Ji. It is what "Hanshu" calls "earth to build a mountain, with nine slopes in ten miles, to resemble two canals".

To the east of the city are two miles of Tongshang and Dahuo. All the people inside are skilled craftsmen and butchers who make a living and have a fortune of tens of millions. Those with Liu Bao are the richest. Every state, county and city has a house, each raising ten horses. As for the price of salt and millet, the market price is high and low. Wherever boats and carts pass, and where every footstep is carried, there are all merchants. Therefore, the goods from the sea are collected in salty gardens, and mountains of copper are produced, and gold caves are hidden in the house. The house exceeds the standard, the towers look out of the clouds, and the carriages and horses' clothing is designed to be like that of a king.

There are two miles of tuning and music in the south of the city. The people inside sing songs of silk and bamboo, and the best tricks in the world come out. There is a Tian Sengchao who is good at playing Jia, and can sing songs for strong men and Xiang Yu. Cui Yanbo, the general who conquered the west, loved him very much. At the end of Zhengguang Dynasty, Gaoping lost its territory and was overrun by tigers. The thieves and commanders, thousands of ugly slaves and bandits, were violently defeated. In Qimian, the imperial court ordered Yan Bo to fight with 50,000 soldiers on foot. Yanbo left his army at Zhangfang Bridge in the west of Luoyang City, which is also known as the Sunset Pavilion in Han Dynasty. At that time, the ministers were following the ancestral path, and the chariots and cavalry were lined up. Yanbo was in front of him with his crown and long sword, and the monk Chao followed the strong man's flute music behind him. Cowards who heard it became brave, and the swordsmen thought hard. Yanbo's courage was unparalleled, and his reputation was early. , to show strength for the country, for more than 20 years, he could not attack the whole city and fight without any horizontal formation, so he was sent as a gift by the imperial court. Every time Yanbo comes to battle. Seng Chao is often asked to sound like a strong man, and all men in armor will be enthusiastic about it. Yanbo entered the battle with a single horse, acting as if there was no one around him. He bravely defeated the three armies and commanded the army with great power. In two years, victory came one after another. The ugly slave recruited a good archer to shoot at the monk Chao, and he died. Yanbo was very sad and mourned. He and his left and right people said that the period of losing the bell of Boya could not be passed. Later, Yanbo was hit by a stray arrow and died in the army. So the 50,000-strong army was instantly defeated.

In the west of the city, there are Tuifu and Zhishang two miles away. Most of the people inside make wine. Liu Baichu, a native of Hedong, was good at brewing wine. During the sixth month of summer, when the weather was hot and sunny, he stored wine with opium poppies and exposed it to the sun at noon. After ten days, the taste of the wine did not change. The drink was delicious and intoxicating, and he did not wake up after menstruation. When the capital court came to Guiduo from the prefecture to ascend the vassal, they paid each other more than a thousand miles away. Because of its remoteness, they called it "Crane Wine", also known as "Riding Donkey Wine". In the middle of the year of Yongxi, Mao Hongbin, the governor of Nanqingzhou, was drinking wine from his vassal. He encountered thieves on the road and became drunk after drinking. They were all captured, so he was ordered to "capture adulterers and wine". A knight-errant said: "I am not afraid of stretching my bow and drawing my sword, but I am afraid of the spring mash falling in vain."

There are Cixiao and Fengzhong in the north of the city. The people inside sell coffins and coffins as a business and rent carts as a job. There is an elegy about Sun Yan, who has been married to his wife for three years, but she lies down without taking off her clothes. Because of the strangeness of the rock, he waited for him to sleep, and undressed his clothes. There were hairs three feet long, like the tail of a wild fox, and the rock came out in fear. When his wife was about to leave, she cut her sword into a rock and ran away. The neighbors chased her and turned her into a fox, which could not be pursued. After that, more than 130 people in the capital were cut off. When she first transformed into a woman, she wore beautiful clothes and makeup and walked on the road. When people saw her and liked her, her hair was cut off. At that time, if there were women wearing colorful clothes, everyone would call her a fox charm. This happened in April of the second year of Xiping and ended in autumn.

There is no such thing as Fucai and Jinsi, where the rich are. Within these ten miles, there are many people who are engaged in industry, commerce, and colonization. Houses with a lot of money are compared with each other. The floors are facing each other, the heavy doors are opened, and the traffic in the pavilions and roads are looking at each other one after another. Gold and silver brocade, servants' attire, five flavors and eight treasures, servants' mouths full. In the Year of the Divine Turtle, the industry and commerce authorities were tyrannical and refused to listen to gold, silver and brocade. Although this system was established, it was not implemented.

There is Kaishan Temple in Fucaili and the residence of Wei Ying, a native of Jingzhao.

Ying died early, and his wife, Liang, married instead of mourning. She married Xiang Ziji, a native of Hanoi, and even though she remarried, she still lived in Ying's house. When Ying heard that Liang was getting married, she came back during the day and rode a horse to bring several people to the front of the court. , shouted: "A Liang, have you forgotten me?" Ziji was frightened, he opened his bow and shot at it, and fell down in response to the arrow. He turned into a peach man, and the horse he was riding also turned into a thatched horse, and several of his followers turned into Pu people. The Liang family was frightened and turned their house into a temple.

Hou Qing, a native of Nanyang, has a bronze statue, which is more than ten feet tall. Qing had an ox, and he planned the goods to be golden. In case of emergency, he used the ox for other purposes. Two years later, Qing's wife Ma suddenly dreamed of this image and said: "You and your wife have owed me gold for a long time without repaying it. Now I will take more of your ugliness to repay the gold." Ma was enlightened and his heart was not at peace. At dawn, Chouduo fell ill and died. I am celebrating my fiftieth year and have only one son. I feel the sound of sadness on my journey. Ugly and many dead suns, the image has its own golden color, illuminating the surrounding areas and smelling the fragrance within a mile. Monks and laypeople, young and old, all came to watch. Shangshu's right servant She Yuanshun heard that there were frequent strange things in the house, so he changed the name of Fucai to Qixieli.

This article is selected from Volume 4 of "Luoyang Jialan Ji". The article has ten paragraphs. It can be divided into three levels. The first paragraph, that is, the first level, describes the location, architecture, environment of Fayun Temple and the person who established the temple, Hu Seng Tamaro from Wuchang Kingdom (now Pakistan). "Luoyang Jialan Ji" describes more than fifty temples, each with its own characteristics. Yongning Temple highlights its majesty and majesty, Baima Temple depicts its splendor, Jinglin Temple depicts its tranquility, and Jingming Temple depicts the fanatical religious atmosphere. , because this temple was built by monk Hu, it emphasized its exotic atmosphere and also recorded the unpredictable magic of Tamala. The second section, that is, the second level, writes about the residence of Linhuai Wang Yuanyu in Shangshu Ling located in the north of Fayun Temple and Linquan in Yuan Dynasty. They include guests and are anecdotes of literati. The original biography of "Book of Wei" states that he may have "beautiful charm, good progress and stop, and he is elegant and graceful under his clothes." Yang Xuanzhi's account can make up for the shortcomings of history. "As for the spring breeze blowing, flowers and trees like brocade", the following description reminds us of Shi Chong's "Preface to the Golden Valley Garden" and Wang Xizhi's "Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection". Although the meaning is not as good as it is, the clear and solemn words are slightly similar. The third to tenth paragraphs are the third level, describing the Luoyang city outside Xiyang Gate (Fayun Temple is at Xiyang Gate). First write the location, scope and scenic spots of the city, then write the east, south, west and north miles in turn, and finally write Fucai and Jinsi two miles. There is a trade business in the east of the city, and there are many wealthy merchants who have borrowed money for more than two miles. It focuses on the richest man Liu Bao, who is rich in mountains and seas, and has a gold cave in his family. There are many wonderful tricks in the tunes and rhythms of Shinan. It focuses on Tian Monk's extraordinary skills in playing the jia. It also writes about Zhang Yanbo's courage, bravery, champion of the three armies, and prestige in the border area. A man who is good at brewing wine, he focuses on the aroma and mellowness of the wine brewed by Liu Baituo and related anecdotes. People from Cixiao and Fengzhong Erli in the north of the city made a living selling coffins, and they focused on writing the elegy about the story of Sun Yan's wife turning into a fox. Various stories about the beautiful female fox in Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" in the Qing Dynasty may be traced back to this. . The big city has Fucai and Jinsi two li respectively. In the li, "a house worth a lot of money, with floors facing each other, heavy doors opening, pavilions and roads for transportation", it is a place where rich people live together. The author appends two stories related to Buddhism, which we will analyze further below.

The first one says that there is a Kaishan Temple in Fucaili. This temple was originally the residence of Wei Ying, a native of Jingzhao. After the death of Ying, his wife Liang did not attend the funeral, but married Xiang Ziji as her husband. Ying rode his horse to the front of the court during the day, Ziji stretched his bow and shot at it. Ying turned into a peach man, his horse turned into a thatch horse, and all his followers turned into Pu people. The Liang family then turned their house into a temple. This story is a record of rumors, and is different from "The Unfalse Accusation of the Invention of Shinto" in Qian Bao's "Sou Shen Ji". The second article records that Hou Qing, a native of Nanyang, had a bronze Buddha statue. Qing made a wish to sell an ox to make gold for the statue. Later, he encountered an emergency and the ox had other uses. "Qing's wife Ma suddenly dreamed of this image and said: 'You and your wife have owed me gold for a long time without repaying it. Now I will take your son Chou Duo to repay the gold.'" At dawn, Chou Duo died of illness. "There are many ugly days in the dead, and the image has its own golden color, illuminating the surrounding areas." However, poor Hou Qing, "he is fifty years old and has only one son. The sound of sorrow can be heard while walking." Yang Xuanzhi fiercely rejected Buddhism. He wrote in an enlightenment article It is clearly pointed out: "Buddhism is illusory, some are in vain, some are in vain, no arms are used to defend the country, some are hungry and cold, and they are nourished by sex" ("The Lord of the Eastern Wei Dynasty"). Notes from Chongzhen Temple in this book: Before becoming a monk, Bhikkhu Baoming served as the prefect of Longxi and built Lingjue Temple. Later, he abandoned his official position and became a Taoist. The author borrowed the words of the King of Hell and said: "When Qing (referring to Baoming) was the governor, he distorted the law, robbed people's property, and faked this temple. It was not Qing's power." He pointed out that not one of the more than a thousand temples and towers in Luoyang was "robbed" The essence of building "people's wealth".

This story reveals the harm done by Buddhism to the common people from another angle. Hou Qing is undoubtedly a devout Buddhist, but his piety resulted in the sudden and unprovoked death of his beloved son Chouduo. Facing the shining golden Buddha statues, people can't help but be intimidated. Chongzhen Temple's article says that Buddhism "robs people's wealth." This article says that it robs people of their beloved children, which shows the author's extremely strong tendency to reject and criticize Buddhism. Volume 6 of "Guanghong Mingji" points out in "Explanation of the Stagnation and Confusion of King Doctors of the Past Dynasties" : "(Xuanzhi) saw that the temples were magnificent and expensive, and the princes and princes competed with each other, and the common people were immersed in fish, so he wrote "Luoyang Jialan Ji", saying that he was not sympathetic to the common people." As a result of a generation of sycophants in the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was the common people who suffered. .

This article describes Fayun Temple and the ten miles southeast, northwest and northwest of Luoyang City. It includes not only the architectural environment of the temple, but also the deeds and anecdotes of the characters, as well as strange and strange anecdotes. It is complex but not chaotic, and the context is Clear and pressable. Several stories are relatively independent but complement each other.

Although the pen and ink used by Monk Chao is not much, but the writing is very exciting, the commentator believes that the stories in "Luoyang Jialan Ji" are It is the middle link between novels about strange people and people like "Sou Shen Ji" and "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" to the legendary novels of the Tang Dynasty. It serves as a link between the past and the future, which is generally good. The language of this article is also a combination of parallel and prose. Most of the notes are written in single lines of prose, which is smooth and simple; the description and discussion are made in parallel and even sentences, which are neat and concise, beautiful and elegant, and have a poetic charm. In order to avoid straightforward narration, some poems may be inserted, or classics may be quoted as evidence, and even the knight-errant saying "I am not afraid of drawing my bow, but only afraid of the spring mash falling in vain" is used, making the literature appear more lively. Hou Qing passed away his son, and the author even more intentionally used "like his own golden color, illuminating the surrounding areas" to contrast "the sound of sorrow, felt while walking", which has a very good artistic effect.